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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2004

Next Generation Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R Series): A Space Segment Overview

The next-generation National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R series) is currently being developed by NOAA in cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The GOES-R series satellites represents a significant improvement in spatial, temporal, and spectral observations (several orders of magnitude) over the capabilities of the currently operational GOES-1 series and the about to be launched GOES-N series satellite. The GOES-R series will incorporate technically advanced third-generation instruments and spacecraft enhancements to meet evolving observational requirements of forecasting for the era 2012-2025. The GOES-R instrument complement being developed includes a Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), a Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES), a GEO Lighting Mapper (GLM), a Solar Imaging Suite (SIS) and a Space Environment In-Situ Suite (SEISS). Also, candidates for a number of GOES-R Pre-Planned Product Improvements (P(sup 3)Is) includes a Geo microwave Sounder, a Coronograph, a Hyperspectral Imager, and a Solar Irradiance Sensor. Currently, the GOES-R Space Segment architecture is being evaluated as part of a GOES-R system end-to-end architecture study. The GOES-R notional baseline architecture is a constellation of two satellites (A-sat and B-sat) each nominally located at 75 degrees west longitude and at 135 degrees west longitude at geostationary altitude, 0 degrees inclination. The primary mission of the A-sat is to provide imaging from the ABI. The A-sat will also contain the SIS and the GLM. The primary mission of the B-sat is to provide sounding of the hemispherical disk of the earth from the HES. The B-sat also contains the SEISS. Both satellites have mesoscale capabilities for severe weather sounding or imaging. This paper overviews the GOES-R Space Segment development including satellite constellation trade-off, improvements and differences between the current and future instrument and spacecraft capabilities, and technology infusion.

Krimchansky, Alexander↗
NASA NTRS2013

Aerodynamic Stability and Performance of Next-Generation Parachutes for Mars Descent

The Low Density Supersonic Decelerator Project is developing a next-generation supersonic parachute for use on future Mars missions. In order to determine the new parachute configuration, a wind tunnel test was conducted at the National Full-scale Aerodynamics Complex 80- by 120-foot Wind Tunnel at the NASA Ames Research Center. The goal of the wind tunnel test was to quantitatively determine the aerodynamic stability and performance of various canopy configurations in order to help select the design to be flown on the Supersonic Flight Dynamics tests. Parachute configurations included the diskgap- band, ringsail, and ringsail-variant designs referred to as a disksail and starsail. During the wind tunnel test, digital cameras captured synchronized image streams of the parachute from three directions. Stereo hotogrammetric processing was performed on the image data to track the position of the vent of the canopy throughout each run. The position data were processed to determine the geometric angular history of the parachute, which were then used to calculate the total angle of attack and its derivatives at each instant in time. Static and dynamic moment coefficients were extracted from these data using a parameter estimation method involving the one-dimensional equation of motion for a rotation of parachute. The coefficients were calculated over all of the available canopy states to reconstruct moment coefficient curves as a function of total angle of attack. From the stability curves, useful metrics such as the trim total angle of attack and pitch stiffness at the trim angle could be determined. These stability metrics were assessed in the context of the parachute's drag load and geometric porosity. While there was generally an inverse relationship between the drag load and the stability of the canopy, the data showed that it was possible to obtain similar stability properties as the disk-gap-band with slightly higher drag loads by appropriately tailoring the geometric porosity distribution.

Low Density Supersonic Decelerator (LDSD)↗
NASA NTRS2020

Producing Next Generation Superalloys Through Advanced Characterization and Manufacturing Techniques

NASA is currently working towards developing the next generation high temperature alloys for various aerospace and energy applications. Through advanced microscopy and computational insights, a novel atomic scale strengthening mechanism was discovered in Ni-base superalloys. This new local phase transformation strengthening technique has been successfully implemented resulting in new disk alloys with substantial improvements in creep strength over current state-of-the-art. Furthermore, additive manufacturing has been leveraged to produce dispersion strengthened (DS), multi-principal element alloys (MPEA) without the use of traditional mechanical alloying or chemical reactions. This new processing technique has successfully resulted in 99.9% dense oxide dispersion strengthened NiCoCr alloy parts. High temperature mechanical testing of the DS alloys showed significant improvements in strength and ductility over the baseline NiCoCr. As a result, this recently discovered processing route opens a new alloy design and production path that is synergistic between additive manufacturing and dispersion strengthening, possibly enabling a new generation of high-performance alloys.

Smith, Timothy M.↗
DOE OSTI2019

A next-generation inverse-geometry spallation-driven ultracold neutron source

The physics model of a next-generation spallation-driven high-current ultracold neutron (UCN) source capable of delivering an extracted UCN rate of around an order of magnitude higher than the strongest proposed sources, and around three orders of magnitude higher than existing sources, is presented. This UCN-current-optimized source would dramatically improve cutting-edge UCN measurements that are currently statistically limited. A novel “Inverse Geometry” design is used with 40 l of superfluid 4He (He-II), which acts as the converter of cold neutrons to UCNs, cooled with state-of-the-art subcooled cryogenic technology to ∼1.6K. Our source design is optimized for a 100 W maximum heat load constraint on the He-II and its vessel. In this paper, we first explore modifying the Lujan Center Mark-3 target for UCN production as a benchmark. In our Inverse Geometry, the spallation target is wrapped symmetrically around the cryogenic UCN converter to permit raster scanning the proton beam over a relatively large volume of tungsten spallation target to reduce the demand on the cooling requirements, which makes it reasonable to assume that water edge-cooling only is sufficient. Our design is refined in several steps to reach a UCN production rate PUCN=2.1×109s−1 under our other restriction of 1MW maximum available proton beam power. We then study the effects of the He-II scattering kernel used as well as reductions in PUCN due to pressurization to reach PUCN=1.8×109s−1. Finally, we provide a design for the UCN extraction system that takes into account the required He-II heat transport properties and implementation of a He-II containment foil that allows UCN transmission. We estimate a total useful UCN current from our source of Ruse≈5×108s−1 from an 18cm diameter guide ∼5m from the source. Under a conservative “no return” (or “single passage”) approximation, this rate can produce an extracted density of >1×104UCNcm−3 in <1000l external experimental volumes with a 58Ni (335neV) cutoff potential.

Leung, K. K. H. (ORCID:0000000203285326)↗
DOE OSTI2022

Literature Review on Next Generation Solvent Isopar ® L Vapor Pressure Curve and the Partitioning of its Modifier and Extractant

The Next Generation Solvent (NGS) is set to replace the Original Caustic Side Solvent Extractant (CSSX) at the Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF). The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was requested by Savannah River Mission Completion (SRMC), formerly Savannah River Remediation (SRR), to perform a literature review on the following topics to address flammability concerns with the current solvent: Isopar ® L vapor pressure curve for NGS, partitioning ratio for the extractant MaxCalix and the modifier Cs-7SB, and high cesium concentration impacts on NGS radiolysis and potential solvent degradation rates in high cesium concentrations. The following conclusions and recommendations are made based on previous experimental work and literature: (1) Current SWPF flammable gas generation calculations use an Isopar ® L vapor pressure curve based on experimental testing with the Original CSSX solvent. No such testing to date has been performed with NGS. It is suggested that the decrease in Cs-7SB concentration for NGS compared to the Original CSSX solvent would lead to a slightly higher vapor pressure at all temperatures in SWPF vessels. A bounding NGS vapor pressure curve has been provided; it is recommended to see if these values would challenge current flammability controls and to perform testing if needed.(2) The partitioning ratio for Cs-7SB is known in the Original CSSX solvent with dilute nitric acid and caustic solutions. No tests could be found for the partitioning of Cs-7SB to dilute boric acid solutions; however, a similar partitioning ratio is expected. Due to the lipophilic alkyl chains on MaxCalix, it is expected to be even less soluble than BOBCalixC6 in the aqueous phase and should not be considered a significant contributor to the f organic term. Additionally, the reaction rate of N,N’,N’’-Tris(3,7-dimethyloctyl)guanidine (TiDG) or its degradation products with a hydrogen radical should be estimated/determined if they are found to be significant contributors to the f organic term. (3) NGS is expected to see much higher Cs concentrations at SWPF in comparison to its use at the Modular CSSX Unit (MCU). These higher Cs concentrations could influence radiolytic degradation rates of the solvent. NGS appears to be fairly stable to radiolytic degradation based on previous testing and its use at MCU. However, there has not been radiolytic flammable gas generation testing with NGS to date. There is a risk that the continued use of G-values obtained for flammable gases produced from the irradiation of the Original CSSX solvent is not bounding for NGS, but this is considered a very low risk due to the similarities in the composition of the solvents, as well as the conservatisms in the experimental design of the Original CSSX testing.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS1990

Next-generation in-situ science concepts and technology

This paper discusses the concepts of a next-generation in situ science program, named Sample Acquisition, Analysis, and Preservation (SAAP), established by NASA to develop critical technologies for remote identification, acquisition, processing, analysis, and preservation of materials for the in situ science, engineering characterization, and earth return. Special attention is given to the SAAP architecture, system design, remote sensing system, sample acquisition system, and methods for sample analysis. A diagram of the SAAP preliminary system conceptual design is included.

Muirhead, Brian↗
NASA NTRS1991

Satellite communications for the next generation telecommunication services and networks

Satellite communications can play an important role in provisioning the next-generation telecommunication services and networks, provided the protocols specifying these services and networks are satellite-compatible and the satellite subnetworks, consisting of earth stations interconnected by the processor and the switch on board the satellite, interwork effectively with the terrestrial networks. The specific parameters and procedures of frame relay and broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN) protocols which are impacted by a satellite delay. Congestion and resource management functions for frame relay and B-ISDN are discussed in detail, describing the division of these functions between earth stations and on board the satellite. Specific onboard and ground functions are identified as potential candidates for their implementation via neural network technology.

Chitre, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS2010

Identification and Characterization of Key Human Performance Issues and Research in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen)

This report identifies key human-performance-related issues associated with Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) research in the NASA NextGen-Airspace Project. Four Research Focus Areas (RFAs) in the NextGen-Airspace Project - namely Separation Assurance (SA), Airspace Super Density Operations (ASDO), Traffic Flow Management (TFM), and Dynamic Airspace Configuration (DAC) - were examined closely. In the course of the research, it was determined that the identified human performance issues needed to be analyzed in the context of NextGen operations rather than through basic human factors research. The main gaps in human factors research in NextGen were found in the need for accurate identification of key human-systems related issues within the context of specific NextGen concepts and better design of the operational requirements for those concepts. By focusing on human-system related issues for individual concepts, key human performance issues for the four RFAs were identified and described in this report. In addition, mixed equipage airspace with components of two RFAs were characterized to illustrate potential human performance issues that arise from the integration of multiple concepts.

Lee, Paul U.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Next Generation Renewables and, Separately, Energy System Transformation, and Related Topics (CRADA CRD-14-557 Final Report)

The Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis (JISEA, an institute within NREL) will support the design, development, delivery and dissemination of two (2) informational whitepapers, identified as Task 1 and Task 2, respectively: Next Generation Renewables and Energy Systems Integration. Note: multiple abstracts with each of 10 modifications.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Binder-Free Graphite Anodes for Next-Generation High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

High-energy density anodes are crucial for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) particularly for electric vehicle (EV) applications. Sluggish lithium-diffusion kinetics coupled with conventional anode fabrication processes containing polymeric binders hinder fast-charging capabilities and high-energy density of graphite. Herein, we introduce a binder-free graphite anode fabrication strategy using the electrospinning technique that contains ~2.41% carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Our strategy relies on the formation of an interconnecting conductive CNT network coupled with an ultrathin N-doped carbon coating on graphite particles from sacrificial binders. This combination enhances both structural integrity and electrical conductivity and, in turn, improves fast-charging capabilities and high energy density of LIBs. The binder-free graphite anode achieves ~335.0 mAh g–1 capacity at C/3 rate over 400 cycles with capacity retention of >95% and average Coulombic efficiencies >99.95%. These promising results suggest that the binder-free anode fabrication with a multifunctional design approach could elevate the energy-density limits of the graphite anodes, solving high-energy density requirements of EVs, and potentially provides a path forward for the development of economically feasible energy storage systems for various applications.

Ozcan, Muca [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000320020474)↗
DOE OSTI2023

Effects of ionising radiation exposure in offspring and next generations: dosimetric aspects and uncertainties

The impact of the exposure to ionizing radiation in the offspring and next generation has been investigated in the last decades and currently is the subject of study of the ICRP Task Group 121. Studying the effects of radiation exposure in pre-conceptional and post-conceptional phases can be a challenge since potential effects to the fetus vary depending on the stage of fetal development. Epidemiology and radiobiology studies are the two sources of information one can use to correlate the radiation dose to the human body and tissues and the resulting effects. For a proper evaluation of the outcomes of such studies, and a correct appraisal of the exposure/dose-effect relationship, (i) reliable dosimetry, (ii) accurate reporting, and (iii) reproducibility of results are required. Although variables related to dose, including for instance source of radiation, geometry of irradiation, dose rate etc., are usually known, especially in radiobiology studies, often important details of the irradiation are not reported. In conclusion, based on standards developed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), a review of the scientific studies used by the UNSCEAR to estimate the risk of hereditary effects, and by the ICRP in its current recommendations, was conducted to evaluate the way dosimetry was reported. Dosimetry and the related uncertainties were not adequately described in the vast majority of those studies. This does not necessarily mean that they do not provide relevant information, however it prevents from a thorough verification and reproduction of their findings. In order to guarantee the reliability and robustness of the process of revision of the estimates of risk and detriment it is therefore considered mandatory to include a careful check of the new relevant literature with regard to the criteria on the completeness and reproducibility of the dosimetric information.

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTAN↗
NASA NTRS2001

Thermal Analysis of Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) Mirrors During Optical Testing in the X-Ray Calibration Facility (XRCF)

The Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) program and industry partners are developing extremely lightweight mirror designs. NGST development mirrors are being tested at Marshall Space Flight Center. Target temperature for development mirror testing is 35 K. Conduction and radiation are not sufficient to conduct thermal vacuum testing in a reasonable time. Helium gas is injected into the vacuum chamber to accelerate temperature transitions during testing. Free-molecular conduction can be modeled by adapting present thermal analysis techniques.

Page, Tim↗
NASA NTRS2002

Wide-Band Data Transmission System Expected in the Next Generation Space VLBI Mission: VSOP-2

Following the success of the VLBI Space Observatory Program (VSOP), a next generation space VLBI mission (VSOP-2) is currently being planned. We expect the data rate of more than 1 Gbps to get more sensitivity. Here we will present: (1) How to sample the data (on board), including the radiation test results which show we can have the 10 Gbps sampler LSI which can use in space; (2) Possibility of the bit rate more than 1 Gbps to downlink the VLBI data. We studied the link budget for the wide band data transmission, and discussed the various ideas which can get more than 1 Gbps; and (3) What kind of VLBI tracking station and recording system will be expected for the VSOP-2 mission? We will present the idea of using normal radio telescopes as a tracking station, and also review the possibility of recording and processing at the tracking stations and correlators.

Murata, Yasuhiro↗
NASA NTRS2009

Overview of NASA's Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) Research

This slide presentation is an overview of the research for the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Included is a review of the current air transportation system and the challenges of air transportation research. Also included is a review of the current research highlights and significant accomplishments.

Swenson, Harry N.↗
DOE OSTI2022

9.3 Microns: Toward a Next-Generation CO2 Laser for Particle Accelerators

We present realistic theoretical predictions of the performance of the next-generation long-wave infrared (LWIR) laser for advanced particle acceleration research at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) of Brookhaven National Laboratory. Two upgrades are planned for the present ATF CO2 laser, which currently produces up to 5 TW peak power in 2 ps pulses at 9.2 μm. For the first upgrade, the deployment of a ten-millijoule solid-state seed laser at 9.3 μm will reduce the pulse duration 4 times, to 500 fs, and increase the peak power to 15 TW. The second upgrade will be the implementation of the postcompression of this pulse. This will reduce the pulse duration to three optical cycles (100 fs) and increase the usable peak power to 25 TW.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Evaluating the mutagenicity of N-nitrosodimethylamine in 2D and 3D HepaRG cell cultures using error-corrected next generation sequencing

Human liver-derived metabolically competent HepaRG cells have been successfully employed in both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D spheroid formats for performing the comet assay and micronucleus (MN) assay. In the present study, we have investigated expanding the genotoxicity endpoints evaluated in HepaRG cells by detecting mutagenesis using two error-corrected next generation sequencing (ecNGS) technologies, Duplex Sequencing (DS) and High-Fidelity (HiFi) Sequencing. Both HepaRG 2D cells and 3D spheroids were exposed for 72 h to N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), followed by an additional incubation for the fixation of induced mutations. NDMA-induced DNA damage, chromosomal damage, and mutagenesis were determined using the comet assay, MN assay, and ecNGS, respectively. The 72-h treatment with NDMA resulted in concentration-dependent increases in cytotoxicity, DNA damage, MN formation, and mutation frequency in both 2D and 3D cultures, with greater responses observed in the 3D spheroids compared to 2D cells. The mutational spectrum analysis showed that NDMA induced predominantly A:T → G:C transitions, along with a lower frequency of G:C → A:T transitions, and exhibited a different trinucleotide signature relative to the negative control. These results demonstrate that the HepaRG 2D cells and 3D spheroid models can be used for mutagenesis assessment using both DS and HiFi Sequencing, with the caveat that severe cytotoxic concentrations should be avoided when conducting DS. With further validation, the HepaRG 2D/3D system may become a powerful human-based metabolically competent platform for genotoxicity testing.

3D spheroids↗