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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
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NASA NTRS1982

Engine dynamic analysis with general nonlinear finite element codes. Part 2: Bearing element implementation overall numerical characteristics and benchmaking

Finite element codes are used in modelling rotor-bearing-stator structure common to the turbine industry. Engine dynamic simulation is used by developing strategies which enable the use of available finite element codes. benchmarking the elements developed are benchmarked by incorporation into a general purpose code (ADINA); the numerical characteristics of finite element type rotor-bearing-stator simulations are evaluated through the use of various types of explicit/implicit numerical integration operators. Improving the overall numerical efficiency of the procedure is improved.

Padovan, J.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Simulation of a numerical filter for enhancing earth radiation budget measurements

The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment has the objective to collect the radiation budget data which are needed to determine the radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) on a regional scale. A second objective is to determine the accuracy of the results. Three satellites will carry wide and medium field of view radiometers which measure the longwave and shortwave components of radiation. Scanning radiometers will be included to detect small spatial features. A proposal has been made to employ for the nonscanning radiometers a one-dimensional numerical filter which reduces satellite measurements to TOA radiant excitances. The numerical filter was initially formulated by House (1980). It enhances the resolution of the radiation budget along the satellite groundtrack. The accuracy of the numerical filter estimate is studied by simulating the data gathering and measurement inversion process. The results of the study are discussed, taking into account two error sources.

Green, R. N.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Numerical simulation of viscous-inviscid interactions on indented nose tips

An implicit numerical algorithm to solve the unsteady thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations in a strong conservative form has been used to compute the viscous flow over indented nose tips placed in a supersonic free stream. Numerical solutions are presented for axisymmetric and three-dimensional indented configurations for laminar flow conditions. Results demonstrate the capability of the present numerical procedure to predict flow fields that contain strong viscous-inviscid interactions, including boundary-layer separation, reattachment, and embedded discontinuities. Comparisons with available experimental data for the shock shape and surface pressure are also given.

Rizk, Y. M.↗
NASA NTRS1981

International Conference on Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics, 7th, Stanford University, Stanford and Moffett Field, CA, June 23-27, 1980, Proceedings

Topics discussed include polygon transformations in fluid mechanics, computation of three-dimensional horseshoe vortex flow using the Navier-Stokes equations, an improved surface velocity method for transonic finite-volume solutions, transonic flow calculations with higher order finite elements, the numerical calculation of transonic axial turbomachinery flows, and the simultaneous solutions of inviscid flow and boundary layer at transonic speeds. Also considered are analytical solutions for the reflection of unsteady shock waves and relevant numerical tests, reformulation of the method of characteristics for multidimensional flows, direct numerical simulations of turbulent shear flows, the stability and separation of freely interacting boundary layers, computational models of convective motions at fluid interfaces, viscous transonic flow over airfoils, and mixed spectral/finite difference approximations for slightly viscous flows.

Reynolds, W. C.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Error propagation in the numerical solutions of the differential equations of orbital mechanics

The relationship between the eigenvalues of the linearized differential equations of orbital mechanics and the stability characteristics of numerical methods is presented. It is shown that the Cowell, Encke, and Encke formulation with an independent variable related to the eccentric anomaly all have a real positive eigenvalue when linearized about the initial conditions. The real positive eigenvalue causes an amplification of the error of the solution when used in conjunction with a numerical integration method. In contrast an element formulation has zero eigenvalues and is numerically stable.

Bond, V. R.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Numerical simulation of magnetohydrodynamic shock propagation in the corona

Recent developments in the field of numerical simulation models for the study of shock wave propagation in the corona are presented. These models are based on gasdynamic (GD) and ideal (that is, dissipationless, except at shocks) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theories. The characteristics and physical interpretations of the results derived from these models are discussed in some detail. The most significant physical results obtained to date are provided by the two-dimensional non-planar, time-dependent, MHD numerical simulation model. In this model, the non-linear interaction among the three essential MHD waves, i.e., fast-, slow-, and Alfven waves are demonstrated. Finally, the physical relevance of these numerical simulation models in relation to observed solar activity is presented.

Wu, S. T.↗
NASA NTRS1982

On the energy dependence of the radial diffusion coefficient and spectra of inner radiation belt particles - Analytic solutions and comparison with numerical results

A theoretical method by which the energy dependence of the radial diffusion coefficient may be deduced from spectral observations of the particle population at the inner edge of the earth's radiation belts is presented. This region has previously been analyzed with numerical techniques; in this report an analytical treatment that illustrates characteristic limiting cases in the L shell range where the time scale of Coulomb losses is substantially shorter than that of radial diffusion (L approximately 1-2) is given. It is demonstrated both analytically and numerically that the particle spectra there are shaped by the energy dependence of the radial diffusion coefficient regardless of the spectral shapes of the particle populations diffusing inward from the outer radiation zone, so that from observed spectra the energy dependence of the diffusion coefficient can be determined. To insure realistic simulations, inner zone data obtained from experiments on the DIAL, AZUR, and ESRO 2 spacecraft have been used as boundary conditions. Excellent agreement between analytic and numerical results is reported.

Westphalen, H.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Numerical computation of transonic flow governed by the full-potential equation

Numerical solution techniques for solving transonic flow fields governed by the full potential equation are discussed. In a general sense relaxation schemes suitable for the numerical solution of elliptic partial differential equations are presented and discussed with emphasis on transonic flow applications. The presentation can be divided into two general categories: An introductory treatment of the basic concepts associated with the numerical solution of elliptic partial differential equations and a more advanced treatment of current procedures used to solve the full potential equation for transonic flow fields. The introductory material is presented for completeness and includes a brief introduction (Chapter 1), governing equations (Chapter 2), classical relaxation schemes (Chapter 3), and early concepts regarding transonic full potential equation algorithms (Chapter 4).

Holst, T. L.↗
NASA NTRS1983

A numerical method based on the Fourier-Fourier transform approach for modeling 1-D electron plasma evolution

A numerical method is presented for studying one-dimensional electron plasma evolution under typical interplanetary conditions. The method applies the Fourier-Fourier transform approach to a plasma model that is a generalization of the electrostatic Vlasov-Poisson system of equations. Conservation laws that are modified to include the plasma model generalization and also the boundary effects of nonperiodic solutions are given. A new conservation law for entropy in the transformed space is then introduced. These conservation laws are used to verify the numerical solutions. A discretization error analysis is presented. Two numerical instabilities and the methods used for their suppression are treated. It is shown that in interplanetary plasma conditions, the bump-on-tail instability produces significant excitation of plasma oscillations at the Bohm-Gross frequency and its second harmonic. An explanation of the second harmonic excitation is given in terms of wave-wave coupling during the growth phase of the instability.

Klimas, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS1983

A numerical model of gravity wave breaking and stress in the mesosphere

The goal of the study is to calculate numerically the deceleration and heating caused by breaking gravity waves. The effect of the radiative dissipation of the wave is included as vertical-wavelength-dependent Newtonian cooling. The parameterization for zonal deceleration is extended by breaking gravity waves (Lindzen, 1981) to include the turbulent diffusion of heat and momentum. After describing the numerical model, the numerical results are presented and compared with the parameterizations in a noninteractive model of the mean zonal wind. Attention is then given to the transport of constituents by gravity waves and the attendant turbulent zone. It is noted that if gravity wave breaking were not an intermittent process, gravity wave stresses would produce an adiabatic mesosphere with a zonal mean velocity close to the phase speed of the breaking wave.

Schoeberl, M. R.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Numerical investigation of unsteady flow development in a nozzle-duct configuration

A computational approach has been used to resolve the transient phenomena caused by a rocket engine starting up and exhausting into a short duct. The results are obtained from the finite-difference Navier-Stokes, continuity, and energy equations for a single component gas. Using a recently developed numerical technique to account for the time-varying boundary conditions at the nozzle throat and the duct openings, the numerical simulation of the idealized ignition flow model has yielded some insight into the complex interactions between the wave patterns and the vortical flow. The present findings verify the hypothesis that a lateral expansion of the jetstream outside the nozzle will generate an over-pressure pulse on the duct wall if the jetstream is restricted within the nozzle by flow separation. The numerical simulations of this complex flow problem should be useful for improving simple correlation techniques used for engineering purposes.

Li, C. P.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Numerical generation of composite three dimensional grids by quasilinear elliptic systems

A three-dimensional grid generation technique designed to numerically construct a boundary-conforming grid within a three-dimensional region bounded by a closed surface is described. The boundary values are generated numerically by a modified elliptic system and are used to compute grid control parameters that are contained in the elliptic systems. The interior grid distribution is governed by the distribution of points on the boundary as well as by the boundary's geometric shape. The composite three-dimensional grid remains both continuous and smooth across the surface of juncture between any two adjoining subregions. The details of the method and its implementation are presented, displaying numerical results for three-dimensional composite grid for a wing-body combination and surface grids.

Thomas, P. D.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Hybrid experimental-numerical stress analysis

The hybrid experimental-numerical stress-analysis technique, which saw limited applications during the 1950's, has been resurrected with the vastly improved numerical techniques of the 1970's. By inputing the experimental results as initial and boundary conditions, modern computer codes are executed in its generation and application modes to yield results which are unobtainable when only one of the two techniques is used. The hybrid technique thus exemplifies the complementary role of the experimental and numerical techniques.

Kobayashi, A. S.↗
NASA NTRS1983

A Numerical Investigation of the Multiple Vortex Phenomenon: Vortex Number and Structure as a Function of Swirl Ratio

A numerical investigation of the multiple vortex phenomenon (MVP) for tornado like flows is conducted to determine the conditions for when a vortex becomes unstable and divides into smaller subsidiary vortices, as well as to determine the structure of these vortices. A three dimensional numerical model developed by Rotunno (1983) is utilized which has been demonstrated to successfully simulate MVP with properties observed both in natural as well as laboratory tornado like vortices. The MVP is generated for several swirl ratio conditions in order to determine the number of vortices generated for those flow configurations. These results are then compared to experimental measurements to validate the numerical model. The number of vortices produced is consistent with observational results made in the Purdue tornado vortex chamber. Furthermore, horizontal and vertical cross sections are taken through the vortices to determine the structure of MVP. Preliminary results indicate that tangential velocities within these smaller asymmetric vortices increase by 20% over values observed in a single axisymmetric vortex at the same swirl ratio.

Smith, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A slotted test section numerical model for interference assessment

A numerical model of a slotted wind tunnel test section, intended for use with sparsely measured wall pressures in a wall interference assessment procedure, is described. The numerical model includes a discrete finite length wall slot representation and accounts for the nonlinear effects of the dynamic pressure of the slot outflow jet and of the low energy of slot inflow air. By using th numerical model in a wall interference prediction mode, it is demonstrated that accounting for slot discreteness is important in interpreting wall pressures measured between slots, and that accounting for finite slot length and nonlinear effects in the slot boundary condition can yield significant departures from the wall interference predicted using the classical linear homogeneous infinite-length wall representation.

Kemp, W. B., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1983

A numerical procedure for predicting creep and delayed failures in laminated composites

A numerical procedure is described for predicting the viscoelastic response of general laminates. A nonlinear compliance model is used to predict the creep response of the individual laminae. A biaxial delayed failure model predicts ply failure. The numerical procedure, based on lamination theory, increases by increments through time to predict creep compliance and delayed failures in laminates. Numerical stability problems and experimental verification are discussed. Although the program has been quite successful in predicting creep of general laminates, the assumptions associated with lamination theory have resulted in erroneous bounds on the predicted material response. Delayed failure predictions have been conservative. Several improvements are suggested to increase the accuracy of the procedure.

Dillard, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Numerical studies of motion of vortex filaments - Implementing the asymptotic analysis

A computational code is developed for the integro-differential equations governing the motion of the centerlines of vortex filaments submerged in a background potential flow. These equations, which are derived from the method of matched asymptotic analysis, include the effect of the decaying large-magnitude circumferential and axial velocity components in the vortical cores. Numerical examples are presented to assess the effect of a large axial velocity and that of nonsimilar initial profiles in the vortical cores. The initial configurations of the filaments are chosen so as to fulfill the basic assumption of the asymptotic analysis, which is that the effective vortical core size is much smaller than all the other length scales in the flowfield, e.g., the radius of curvature and the interfilament distance. The computations are continued until the basic assumption is no longer valid, that is when the merging or intersection of filaments has begun. A classification of the various types of local or global merging or intersection of filaments is made and demonstrated by numerical examples. It is then shown that the asymptotic solution not only provides the initial data but also can be used to formulate the appropriate boundary conditions for the numerical solution of a merged region.

Liu, C. H.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Numerical calculations of complex Mach reflection

Numerical simulations of the interaction of a planar blast wave with a compression ramp are presented. The split coefficient matrix (SCM) method in conjunction with boundary shock and floating discontinuity-fitting procedures was employed to obtain the time-asymptotic solutions of the two-dimensional, unsteady Euler equations. The solutions were computed for the complex Mach reflection (CMR) regime of the shock diffraction problem in an attempt to explore the basic physical process governing the evolution of an incipient second Mach stem and the associated topological changes. Numerical results were obtained for shock diffraction over a 40 degree ramp with varying incident shock Mach numbers. The validity of the present approach has been substantiated by experimental observations and earlier numerical calculations.

Yamamoto, O.↗