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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1944

Use of Internal Coolant as a Means of Permitting Increase in Engine Take-Off Power

Engine tests, together with estimates made at Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory, indicate that a 25-percent increase in take-off power can be obtained with present-day aircraft engines without increasing either the knock limit of the fuel or the external cooling requirements of the engine. This increase in power with present fuels and present external cooling is made possible through the use of an internal coolant inducted through the inlet manifold. Estimates on aircraft indicate that this 25-percent increase in power will permit an approximate usable increase of 8.5 percent in the take-off load of existing military airplanes. This increase in load is equivalent to an increase in the weight of gasoline normally carried of between 30 and 65 percent.

FUELS, ANTIKNOCK↗
DOE OSTI2015

RCRA Part B Permit Application Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) for Waste Management Activities at the NNSS Mixed Waste Disposal Unit (MWDU)

This volume of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) permit application to the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection provides facility information on the design, processes, and security features associated with the Cell 18 Mixed Waste Disposal Unit (MWDU) at the Nevada National Security Site, under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office (NNSA/NFO). Onsite and offsite containerized low-level mixed waste (LLMW) that has an approved DOE nexus, DOE non-radioactive classified hazardous waste, U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and other government agency non-radioactive classified hazardous waste (hereafter called waste) are disposed in the unit. Classified waste is the only non-radioactive waste accepted for disposal and is required to meet waste acceptance criteria for radioactive waste. The MWDU is located in the southeast portion of the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) at the Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC). The RWMC includes transuranic waste storage units, breaching and re-packaging facilities, and the Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site (RWMS). The RWMS is an active disposal site for waste. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and friable and non-friable asbestos are accepted for disposal. The MWDU has been compliantly operating since January 26, 2011, and approximately 60 percent of its capacity has been used for disposal. In addition to the requirements of the RCRA, the MWDU is also subject to DOE orders, U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations (for receipt of offsite waste), and State of Nevada requirements. General information and hazardous waste codes identified for disposal at the MWDU are described. State-only designated hazardous waste may also be received at the NNSS as hazardous waste. For safety and security reasons, some of the contents of the full application are not available for public viewing. This public version of the application contains most, but not all, of the contents as submitted to the regulatory agencies.

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DOE OSTI2015

RCRA Part B Permit Application Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) for Waste Management Activities at the NNSS Hazardous Waste Storage Unit (HWSU)

This volume of the permit application by the DOE’s National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office (NNSA/NFO) to the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) focuses on the Area 5 Hazardous Waste Storage Unit (HWSU). The HWSU was established to support testing, research, and remediation activities at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS), a large-quantity generator of hazardous waste. The HWSU, located adjacent to the Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC), is a prefabricated, rigid steel-framed, roofed shelter used to store hazardous nonradioactive waste generated on the NNSS. No offsite-generated wastes are managed at the HWSU. Waste managed at the HWSU includes the following: Flammables/Combustibles, Acid Corrosives, Alkali Corrosives, Oxidizers/Reactives, Toxics/Poisons, and Other Regulated Materials (ORMs). A list of regulated waste codes accepted for storage at the HWSU is provided in this volume. Hazardous wastes are stored at the HWSU in containers that are compliant with U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations and compatible with the stored waste. Waste packages (e.g., drums) without inner closed containers of waste remain closed except during inspection or sampling. Transfer of uncontainerized waste between waste packages at the HWSU is prohibited. Closed inner containers may be transferred or consolidated into larger waste packages, and small closed containers may be placed into larger containers. Containers are stored on secondary containment pallets, and the unit is inspected monthly. For safety and security reasons, some of the contents of the full application are not available for public viewing. This public version of the application contains most, but not all, of the contents as submitted to the regulatory agencies.

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DOE OSTI2015

RCRA PART B Permit Application Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) for Waste Management Activities at the NNSS Explosive Ordnance Disposal Unit (EODU)

This volume of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) permit application by the Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office (NNSA/NFO) seeks continued operation of the Explosive Ordnance Disposal Unit (EODU) at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). Explosives, explosive materials, and unexploded ordnance are declared waste explosives if they are damaged, are defective, have exceeded their shelf life, are the result of environmental restoration (legacy), or are discarded explosive material from research or testing projects. This document provides a description of the regulated waste codes accepted for treatment (controlled detonations), the general design of the unit, and the processes used to safely detonate onsite-generated waste explosives and unexploded ordnance, which are defined as hazardous waste under specific regulations. The Area 11 EODU consists of a firing point (controlled access area where firing of explosives is conducted), firing pad (prepares site where explosives hazardous waste is fired), and ancillary equipment that includes an explosives magazine and firing point area. Additionally, live explosives training is conducted to ensure proficiency of the EODU operations personnel, explosives handlers, and the firing system components. Training detonations do not include waste explosives and are limited in respect to explosives volume and frequency personnel, explosives handlers, and the firing system components. Training detonations do not include waste explosives and are limited in respect to explosives volume and frequency. For safety and security reasons, some of the contents of the full application are not available for public viewing. This public version of the application contains most, but not all, of the contents as submitted to the regulatory agencies.

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DOE OSTI2015

Expression of the Aspergillus niger InuA gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae permits growth on the plant storage carbohydrate inulin at low enzymatic concentrations

The plant storage carbohydrate inulin represents an attractive biomass feedstock for fueling industrial scale bioconversion processes due to its low cost, ability for cultivation on arid and semi-arid lands, and amenability to consolidated bioprocessing applications. As a result, increasing efforts are emerging towards engineering industrially relevant microorganisms, such as yeast, to efficiently ferment inulin into high value fuels and chemicals. Although some strains of the industrially relevant yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae can naturally ferment inulin, the efficiency of this process is often supplemented through expression of exogenous inulinase enzymes that externally convert inulin into its more easily fermentable component monomeric sugars. Here, the effects of overexpressing the Aspergillus niger InuA inulinase enzyme in an S. cerevisiae strain incapable of endogenously fermenting inulin were evaluated to determine their impact on growth. Expression of the A. niger InuA inulinase enzyme permitted growth on otherwise intractable inulin substrates from both Dahlia tubers and Chicory root. Despite being in the top 10 secreted proteins, growth on inulin was not observed until 120 h post-inoculation and required the addition of 0.1 g fructose/l to initiate enzyme production in the absence of endogenous inulinase activity. High temperature/pressure pre-treatment of inulin prior to fermentation decreased this time to 24 h and removed the need for fructose addition. The pre-growth lag time on untreated inulin was attributed primarily to low enzymatic efficiency, with a maximum value of 0.13 0.02 U InuA/ml observed prior to the peak culture density of 2.65 0.03 g/l. Nevertheless, a minimum excreted enzymatic activity level of only 0.03 U InuA/ml was found to be required for sustained growth under laboratory conditions, suggesting that future metabolic engineering strategies can likely redirect carbon flow away from inulinase production and reorient it towards product production or cellular growth in order to optimize strain development.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2020

New Beginnings: Optimising Waste and End-state at UK Nuclear Sites to Enable Environmental Permit surrender (the GRR) - 20193

The decommissioning of nuclear sites involves the management of large volumes of radioactive waste, other conventional waste, and the clean-up of land and groundwater contamination. In the UK, the disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear sites is regulated by the Environment Agency (England), Natural Resources Wales (Wales) and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (Scotland). All three environment agencies seek to make sure that the generation and disposal of radioactive waste is optimised: ensuring impacts to people are 'as low as reasonably achievable' (ALARA). With a large proportion of UK nuclear sites embarking on decommissioning, the environment agencies have collaboratively developed new guidance: the 'Management of radioactive waste from the decommissioning of nuclear sites: Guidance on the Requirements for Release from radioactive substances regulation' (referred to as the GRR)[1]. The environment agencies worked in liaison with the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR), the UK nuclear safety regulator, and the UK government body responsible, the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA). Prior to finalising the guidance, a 12 month trial was completed at three of the NDA's nuclear sites, enabling the environment agencies to test their draft GRR guidance against 'real world scenarios' and the challenge of incorporating its requirements into decommissioning plans. Experience gained during the trial was incorporated into the current version of the GRR, published in July 2018. The GRR represents the 'new beginning' of this paper's title because for the first time, the UK environmental regulators have expressed in detail their requirements for surrender of environmental permits for nuclear sites. The GRR provides a framework for a UK nuclear site to plan, assess and justify its management of radioactive waste and deliver through decommissioning, an optimal, environmentally safe and sustainable end-state. This paper will describe the requirements and technical standards within the GRR, the establishment of defensible clean-up criteria and the production of a Waste Management Plan (WMP), supported by a Site-Wide Environmental Safety Case (SWESC). It will describe the experience gleaned by operators and regulators during the trial and it will highlight current work by regulators to implement the new approach proportionately. Finally, this paper will look forward and outline planned amendments to legislation in the UK affecting nuclear sites that should enable the full benefits of the GRR to be realised in the future. (authors)

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DOE OSTI2024

Nevada National Security Site - Area 5 Waste Received Under Permit SW532

Calendar Year 23 Asbestos Report for Permit SW532 Being resubmitted to address a comment received by NDEP, the weight and volume of two packages on one of the shipments was rounded differently than the quarterly report and we are revising the annual report to match.

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