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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS1987

Optical RF distribution links for MMIC phased array antennas

Conventional methods to distribute RF signals to GaAs Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits Phased Array Antennas are inadequate for arrays having large numbers of elements. Optical RF distribution links have been proposed as a lightweight, mechanically flexible, and low volume solution. Three candidate techniques for providing optical RF distribution are discussed along with the electro-optic devices required to configure them. A discussion of the present status of applicable electro-optics devices is also included.

Kunath, Richard R.↗

NASA NTRS2004

Jet Noise Source Localization Using Linear Phased Array

A study was conducted to further clarify the interpretation and application of linear phased array microphone results, for localizing aeroacoustics sources in aircraft exhaust jet. Two model engine nozzles were tested at varying power cycles with the array setup parallel to the jet axis. The array position was varied as well to determine best location for the array. The results showed that it is possible to resolve jet noise sources with bypass and other components separation. The results also showed that a focused near field image provides more realistic noise source localization at low to mid frequencies.

Agboola, Ferni A.↗

NASA NTRS1987

Phased array antenna for space shuttle orbiter

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is developing a distributed phased array antenna at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center as a possible upgrade for the Space Shuttle Orbiter S-band phase modulation communications system. The antenna consists of an eight-element transmit section, eight-element receive section, and a single L-band receive element. The antenna design is constrained by the existing Orbiter system and space environment. The solution to the interface design problems led to an antenna system which provides improved link margins and yet supports previous operational configurations. This paper describes the system development, antenna hardware, and the interface consideration which led to the final design.

Davidson, Shayla E.↗

NASA NTRS2000

Design of a K-Band Transmit Phased Array For Low Earth Orbit Satellite Communications

The design of a light weight, low cost phased array antenna is presented. Multilayer printed wiring board (PWB) technology is utilized for Radio Frequencies (RF) and DC/Logic manifold distribution. Transmit modules are soldered on one side and patch antenna elements are on the other, allowing the use of automated assembly processes. The 19 GHz antenna has two independently steerable beams, each capable of transferring data at 622 Mbps. A passive, self-contained phase change thermal management system is also presented.

Watson, Thomas↗

NASA NTRS1973

Distortion generated in angle-modulation systems by phased arrays

The magnitude and characteristics of distortion produced in demodulated signals by corporate-fed phased arrays are reviewed. Graphs depicting distortion, plotted as a function of signal characteristics and array geometry, display the effects of large arrays on broadband signals. These curves show that distortion in angle-modulation systems is more a function of modulation index than of bandwidth. The data presented provide a basis for predicting distortion levels in practical array systems and for extending analyses to other signal-array configurations.

Rogers, J. D.↗

NASA NTRS1984

A method for detection of deformations in large phase array antennas for spaceborne synthetic aperture radars

A method to measure deformations in large, planar phased array antennas used in spaceborne synthetic aperture radars (SAR) is described. This method has the advantages that the deformation measurements can be performed anywhere in orbit and that no additional sensor is required. Indirect test results using the SEASAT SAR data indicate that this technique can detect deformations of small fractions of a wavelength.

Li, F. K.↗

DOE OSTI2011

An Evaluation of Signal Processing Tools for Improving Phased Array Ultrasonic Weld Inspection

Cast austenitic stainless steel (CASS) commonly used in U.S. nuclear power plants is a coarse-grained, elastically anisotropic material. The coarse-grained nature of CASS makes ultrasonic inspection of in-service components difficult. Recently, low-frequency phased array ultrasound has emerged as a candidate for the CASS piping weld inspection. However, issues such as low signal-to-noise ratio and difficulty in discriminating between flaw and non-flaw signals remain. This paper discusses the evaluation of a number of signal processing algorithms for improving flaw detection in CASS materials. The full paper provides details of the algorithms being evaluated, along with preliminary results.

automated flaw detection↗

NASA NTRS1977

Adaptive multibeam phased array design for a Spacelab experiment

The parametric tradeoff analyses and design for an Adaptive Multibeam Phased Array (AMPA) for a Spacelab experiment are described. This AMPA Experiment System was designed with particular emphasis to maximize channel capacity and minimize implementation and cost impacts for future austere maritime and aeronautical users, operating with a low gain hemispherical coverage antenna element, low effective radiated power, and low antenna gain-to-system noise temperature ratio.

Noji, T. T.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Microwave monolithic integrated circuit development for future spaceborne phased array antennas

The development of fully monolithic gallium arsenide (GaAs) receive and transmit modules suitable for phased array antenna applications in the 30/20 gigahertz bands is presented. Specifications and various design approaches to achieve the design goals are described. Initial design and performance of submodules and associated active and passive components are presented. A tradeoff study summary is presented highlighting the advantages of distributed amplifier approach compared to the conventional single power source designs.

Anzic, G.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Microwave monolithic integrated circuit development for future spaceborne phased array antennas

The development of fully monolithic gallium arsenide (GaAs) receive and transmit modules suitable for phased array antenna applications in the 30/20 gigahertz bands is presented. Specifications and various design approaches to achieve the design goals are described. Initial design and performance of submodules and associated active and passive components are presented. A tradeoff study summary is presented, highlighting the advantages of a distributed amplifier approach compared to the conventional single power source designs. Previously announced in STAR as N84-13399

Anzic, G.↗

DOE OSTI2011

Improvements in 500-kHz Ultrasonic Phased-Array Probe Designs for Evaluation of Thick Section Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Welds

PNNL has been studying and performing confirmatory research on the inspection of piping welds in coarse-grained steels for over 30 years. More recent efforts have been the application of low frequency phased array technology to this difficult to inspect material. The evolution of 500 kHz PA probes and the associated electronics and scanning protocol are documented in this report. The basis for the probe comparisons are responses from one mechanical fatigue crack and two thermal fatigue cracks in large-bore cast mockup specimens on loan from the Electric Power Research Institution. One of the most significant improvements was seen in the use of piezo-composite elements in the later two probes instead of the piezo-ceramic material used in the prototype array. This allowed a reduction in system gain of 30 dB and greatly reduced electronic noise. The latest probe had as much as a 5 dB increase in signal to noise, adding to its flaw discrimination capability. The system electronics for the latest probe were fully optimized for a 500 kHz center frequency, however significant improvements were not observed in the center frequency of the flaw responses. With improved scanner capabilities, smaller step sizes were used, allowing both line and raster data improvements to be made with the latest probe. The small step sizes produce high resolution images that improve flaw discrimination and, along with the increased signal-to-noise ratio inherent in the latest probe design, enhanced detection of the upper regions of the flaw make depth sizing more plausible. Finally, the physical sizes of the probes were progressively decreased allowing better access to the area of interest on specimens with weld crowns, and the latest probe was designed with non-integral wedges providing flexibility in focusing on different specimen geometries.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

NASA NTRS1986

Phased-array design for MST and ST radars

All of the existing radar systems fully dedicated to clear-air radar studies use some type of phased-array antennas. The effects of beam-steering techniques including feed networks and phase shifters; sidelobe control; ground-clutter suppression; low altitude coverage; arrays with integrated radiating elements and feed networks; analysis of coaxial-collinear antennas; use of arrays with multiple beams; and array testing and measure on structural design of the antenna are discussed.

Ecklund, W. L.↗

DOE OSTI2022

A Primer on Phased Array Radar Technology for the Atmospheric Sciences

The scientific community has expressed interest in the potential of phased array radars (PARs) to observe the atmosphere with finer spatial and temporal scales. Although convergence has occurred between the meteorological and engineering communities, the need exists to increase access of PAR to meteorologists. Here, we facilitate these interdisciplinary efforts in the field of ground-based PARs for atmospheric studies. We cover high-level technical concepts and terminology for PARs as applied to studies of the atmosphere. A historical perspective is provided as context along with an overview of PAR system architectures, technical challenges, and opportunities. Envisioned scan strategies are summarized because they are distinct from traditional mechanically scanned radars and are the most advantageous for high-resolution studies of the atmosphere. Further, open access to PAR data is emphasized as a mechanism to educate the future generation of atmospheric scientists. Finally, a vision for the future of operational networks, research facilities, and expansion into complementary radar wavelengths is provided.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

NASA NTRS1991

System-Level Integrated Circuit (SLIC) development for phased array antenna applications

A microwave/millimeter wave system-level integrated circuit (SLIC) being developed for use in phased array antenna applications is described. The program goal is to design, fabricate, test, and deliver an advanced integrated circuit that merges radio frequency (RF) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technologies with digital, photonic, and analog circuitry that provide control, support, and interface functions. As a whole, the SLIC will offer improvements in RF device performance, uniformity, and stability while enabling accurate, rapid, repeatable control of the RF signal. Furthermore, the SLIC program addresses issues relating to insertion of solid state devices into antenna systems, such as the reduction in number of bias, control, and signal lines. Program goals, approach, and status are discussed.

Shalkhauser, K. A.↗

NASA NTRS1991

System-level integrated circuit (SLIC) development for phased array antenna applications

Shalkhauser, K. A.↗

NASA NTRS2016

Ultra-Wideband Phased Array for Millimeter-Wave 5G and ISM

Growing mobile data consumption has prompted the exploration of the millimeter-wave spectrum for large bandwidth, high speed communications. However, the allocated bands are spread across a wide swath of spectrum: fifth generation mobile architecture (5G): 28, 38, 39, 64-71 GHz, as well as Industrial, Scientific, and Medical bands (ISM): 24 and 60 GHz. Moreover, high gain phased arrays are required to overcome the significant path loss associated with these frequencies. Further, it is necessary to incorporate several of these applications in a single, small size and low cost platform. To this end, we have developed a scanning, Ultra-Wideband (UWB) array which covers all 5G, ISM, and other mm-W bands from 24-72 GHz. Critically, this is accomplished using mass-production Printed Circuit Board (PCB) fabrication.

Ultra-wide band phased array↗

DOE OSTI2012

Phased Array Ultrasonic Sound Field Mapping through Large-Bore Coarse Grained Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel (CASS) Components

A sound field beam mapping exercise was conducted to assist in understanding the effects of coarse-grained microstructures found in cast austenitic stainless steel (CASS) materials on acoustic longitudinal wave propagation. Ultrasonic laboratory measurements were made on three specimens representing four different grain structures. Phased array (PA) probes were fixed on each specimen surface and excited in the longitudinal mode at specific angles while a point receiver was scanned in a raster pattern over the end of the specimen, generating a transmitted sound field image. Three probes operating at nominal frequencies of 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0 MHz were used. A 6.4 mm (0.25-in.) thick slice was removed from the specimen end and beam mapping was repeated three times, yielding four full sets of beam images. Data were collected both with a constant part path for each configuration (probe, specimen and slice, angle, etc.) and with a variable part path (fixed position on the surface). The base specimens and slices were then polished and etched to reveal measureable grain microstructures that were compared to the sound field interactions and scattering effects seen in the collected data.

cast austenitic stainless steel↗

DOE OSTI2011

Ultrasonic Phased Array Evaluation of Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) Nozzle Interference Fit and Weld Region

In this investigation, non-destructive and destructive testing were used to evaluate potential boric acid leakage paths around an Alloy 600 CRDM penetration (Nozzle 63) from the North Anna Unit 2 reactor pressure vessel head that was removed from service in 2003. For this investigation, Nozzle 63 was examined using phased array ultrasonic testing. Prior to examining Nozzle 63, a CRDM penetration mockup with known notches and boric acid deposits was used to assess probe sensitivity, resolution and calibration. Following the non-destructive testing of Nozzle 63, the nozzle was destructively examined to visually assess the leak paths. These destructive and nondestructive results are compared and results are presented. The results of this investigation may be used by NRC to evaluate licensees’ volumetric leak path assessment methodologies and to support regulatory inspection requirements.

Ultrasonic, Phased Array, NDE, CRDM, Nozzle, Inter↗