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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1975

Spacelab - A key element in the Space Shuttle Space Transportation System

Spacelab will be a key element in the Space Transportation System (STS) to be initiated with the advent of the first operational flight of Space Shuttle in 1980. Spacelab is an international, cooperative venture between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which is structured to provide the scientific community an earthlike laboratory in space by 1980. The responsibilities of both ESA and NASA are divided into design and development to be accomplished by ESA and the experiment integration and operation with the Space Shuttle by NASA. While the Spacelab is a key element in the STS, it is highly dependent on other elements in the system for its resources and payload support capabilities. This paper presents the relationship of the Spacelab to other elements and the operational planning that NASA is undertaking to make the Spacelab a flexible and efficient laboratory in space.

Lee, T. J.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Spacelab science missions of the 1980's

The objectives and instrumentation of Spacelab missions planned for the 1980s are discussed. Initial flights will be multidisciplinary, serving to verify the performance of Spacelab subsystems and to demonstrate the capability of Spacelab to carry out broad-ranging research in a variety of fields. Further missions will use highly specialized payloads. Among these are the Atmospheres, Magnetospheres and Plasmas (AMPS) Payload, the Astronomy Spacelab Payload (ASP), including solar physics, stellar astronomy and high energy astrophysics variants, and the Spacelab Infrared Telescope Facility. The growing inventory of instruments developed for these missions will then be available for use in different combinations to meet the needs of individual mission objectives proposed by the international scientific community.

Chappell, C. R.↗
NASA NTRS1976

CTS United States experiments - A progress report

The Communications Technology Satellite (CTS) is a high-power broadcast satellite launched by NASA on January 17, 1976. CTS is the first satellite to operate at a frequency of 12 gigahertz and incorporates technology making possible new satellite telecommunications services. CTS is a cooperative program of the United States and Canada. This paper presents the results of the United States experimental activity to date. Wide segments of the population are involved in the Experiments Program, including the scientific community, other government agencies, industry, and the education and health entities. The experiments are associated with both technological objectives and the demonstration of new community and social services via satellite.

Robbins, W. H.↗
NASA NTRS1976

CTS United States experiments. A progress report

The results are presented of the United States experiments activity to date. Wide segments of the population are involved in the Experiments Program including the scientific community, other government agencies, industry, and the education and health entities. The experiments are associated with both technological objectives and the demonstration of new community and social services via satellite.

Robbins, W. H.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Design considerations of the national transonic facility

The inability of existing wind tunnels to provide aerodynamic test data at transonic speeds and flight Reynolds numbers was examined. The proposed transonic facility is a high Reynolds number transonic wind tunnel designed to meet the research and development needs of industry, and the scientific community. The facility employs the cryogenic approach to achieve high transonic Reynolds numbers at acceptable model loads and tunnel power. By using temperature as a test variable, a unique capability to separate scale effects from model aeroelastic effects is provided. The performance envelope of the facility is shown to provide a ten fold increase in transonic Reynolds number capability compared to currently available facilities.

Baals, D. D.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Magsat: A satellite for measuring near earth magnetic fields

Magsat, designed for making measurements of the geomagnetic vector field, is evaluated. For accurate vector measurements the attitude of the fluxgate magnetometer will be determined to about 15 arc-seconds. Expected measurement accuracy will be 6 (gamma) in each component and 3 in magnitude. The Magsat data will be applied to solid earth studies including modeling of the Earth's main magnetic field, delineation of regional magnetic anomalies of crustal origin, and interpretation of those anomalies in terms of geologic and geophysical models. An opportunity will be presented to the scientific community to participate in data use investigations.

Langel, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Vectorcardiograph

A system for quantitating the cardiac electrical activity of Skylab crewmen was required for three medical experiments (M092, Lower Body Negative Pressure; M171, Metabolic Activity; and M093, In-flight Vectorcardiogram) designed to evaluate the effects of space flight on the human cardiovascular system. A Frank lead vectorcardiograph system was chosen for this task because of its general acceptability in the scientific community and its data quantification capabilities. To be used effectively in space flight, however, the system had to meet certain other requirements. The system was required to meet the specifications recommended by the American Heart Association. The vectorcardiograph had to withstand the extreme conditions of the space environment. The system had to provide features that permitted ease of use in the orbital environment. The vectorcardiograph system performed its intended function throughout all the Skylab missions without a failure. A description of this system follows.

Lintott, J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

STRATCOM-8 scientific objectives and mission orginization

Stratospheric photochemistry was studied, with emphasis on the Ozone-NOx-ultraviolet flux interactions, but also including members of the chlorine, water vapor, and carbon-containing families. Secondary objectives include: (1) study of the balloon environment, (2) comparison of independent measurements of ozone and of NO, (3) development of new sensor systems; and (4) some measurements for exploratory purposes. Most, but not all, systems and instruments performed as planned, and it is believed that data are available to achieve most of the planned scientific and engineering objectives. The emphasis on photochemistry in the 35 to 40 km region is greater than anticipated, and observations are more complete for sunset than for sunrise. The planned instruments and a summary of the flight operations is discussed partly for the mutual information of those participating and partly for the wider scientific community.

Reed, E. I.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Definition of Atmospheric Science Experiments and Techniques: Wake Zone Mapping Experiments

The development of a subsatellite system has been proposed for the shuttle program which would provide to the scientific community a platform for experiments which would be tethered to the shuttle spacecraft orbiting at about 200 km altitude. Experiments which can perform measurements of aeronomic interest onboard or utilizing the tethered satellite concept are described and recommended.

Taeusch, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Apollo 14 rock samples

Petrographic descriptions of all Apollo 14 samples larger than 1 cm in any dimension are presented. The sample description format consists of: (1) an introductory section which includes information on lunar sample location, orientation, and return containers, (2) a section on physical characteristics, which contains the sample mass, dimensions, and a brief description; (3) surface features, including zap pits, cavities, and fractures as seen in binocular view; (4) petrographic description, consisting of a binocular description and, if possible, a thin section description; and (5) a discussion of literature relevant to sample petrology is included for samples which have previously been examined by the scientific community.

Carlson, I. C.↗
NASA NTRS1978

An experimental/analytical program to assess the utility of lidar for pollution monitoring

The development and demonstration of lidar techniques for the remote measurement of atmospheric constituents and transport processes in the lower troposphere was carried out. Particular emphasis was given to techniques for monitoring SO2 and particulates, the principal pollutants in power plant and industrial plumes. Data from a plume dispersion study conducted in Maryland during September and October 1976 were reduced, and a data base was assembled which is available to the scientific community for plume model verification. A UV Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) was built, and preliminary testing was done.

Mills, F. S.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Hohenpeissenberg ozonesone intercomparison

A series of dual-instrument vertical ozone soundings was carried out for the purpose of comparing the Electrochemical Concentration Cell Ozonesonde with different ozonesondes used by the international scientific community. Total ozone overburdens at the time of the soundings were also measured with a Dobson spectrophotometer.

Holland, A. C.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Lunar laser ranging data deposited in the National Space Science Data Center normal points, filtered observations, and unfiltered photon detections

The lunar laser ranging project at McDonald Observatory provides the unique opportunity to acquire successfully precise range data for the earth-moon system. From the experiment's inception, the obligation was recognized to make these data available to the general scientific community in a reasonably useable form and in a realistic time frame. The documentation to be used in conjunction with the 1979 April deposit into the National Space Science Data Center which contains normal points, filtered observations and unfiltered photon stops for the months July through December, 1978 are reported.

Shelus, P. J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Diffusion and utilization of scientific and technological knowledge within state and local governments

The state-of-the-art is reviewed concerning current knowledge of processes by which technological innovation and scientific information are disseminated among state and local governments. The effectiveness of various mechanisms, strategies, and approaches by which federal agencies have sought to transfer technology to state, regional, and city governments are assessed. It is concluded that the existing relationships between the state and local governments, and the scientific communities are not adequate.

Feller, I.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Overview of the NASA tropospheric environmental quality remote sensing program

This paper will summarize the current NASA Tropospheric Environmental Quality Remote Sensing Program for studying the global and regional troposphere from space, airborne and ground-based platforms. As part of the program to develop remote sensors for utilization from space, NASA has developed a series of passive and active remote sensors which have undergone field test measurements from airborne and ground platforms. Recent measurements with active lidar and passive gas filter correlation and infrared heterodyne techniques will be summarized for measurements of atmospheric aerosols, CO, SO2, O3, and NH3. These measurements provide the data base required to assess the sensitivity of remote sensors for applications to urban and regional field measurement programs. Studies of Earth Observation Satellite Systems are currently being performed by the scientific community to assess the capability of satellite imagery to detect regions of elevated pollution in the troposphere. The status of NASA sponsored research efforts in interpreting satellite imagery for determining aerosol loadings over land and inland bodies of water will be presented, and comments on the potential of these measurements to supplement in situ and airborne remote sensors in detecting regional haze will be made.

Allario, F.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Who decides?

A historical overview is given of the relations between NASA and the scientific community as regards the responsibility of formulating the directions of space science projects. The role of the National Academy of Sciences and the development of the Space Science Board and the creation of NASA in-house advisory boards are discussed.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1981

The Einstein Observatory and future X-ray telescopes

A history of the events leading to the development and flight of the Einstein Observatory is given. The advantages of using grazing-incidence telescopes for solar and extrasolar X-ray astronomy is first discussed and followed by a description of the HEAO program. The Einstein Observatory marks a departure from the manner in which X-ray investigations are carried out, from individual experiments to the shared use of large facilities. The Observatory has achieved a sensitivity to point sources of 10 to the -14th erg/sq cm-sec in the 1-3 keV band, a flux 500 times smaller than previously detected and about 10 million times smaller than that of the first extrasolar source detected in 1962. The design philosophy of the Observatory entails three principles: (1) the unified scientific approach, (2) the establishment of spacecraft requirements at lowest acceptable levels that still allow operating flexibility, and (3) the idea of 'soft' rather than 'hard' failure. The mirror design, including the high resolution imager, the imaging proportional counter, and the solid-state and focal plane crystal spectrometers, is also given. An account of the struggle to gain acceptance by the scientific community and the funding agencies of the need for the Einstein Observatory mission is discussed. Finally, results of observations made by the Observatory are presented in detail, along with plans for future observation experiments.

Giacconi, R.↗
NASA NTRS1982

The JPL millimeter, submillimeter and microwave line catalog

The catalog includes molecules of interest in the interstellar medium, in planetary atmospheres and in the Earth's atmosphere. Different units than those on the AFGL tape are used. For citing line frequencies in the microwave region. Either the experimental errors or the propagation of errors from the fit are included on the tape. This gives an estimate of how accurate the frequencies are. The intensity units are defined as follows: the logarithm of the intensity unit is the cross section times the frequency in MHz. This is essentially the same unit as on the AFGL tape, but contains fewer factors of the speed of light. The catalog is available to the scientific community either as a tape or on microfiche (filmed in frequency sorted and molecule sorted format).

Pickett, H.↗