Magnetic computer tape /rehabilitation/ procedures and results
Causes of signal loss in magnetic computer tapes, and wet and dry cleaning procedures for rehabilitating used tapes
MAGNETIC TAPE↗
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Storage, Preservation, and Recovery of Magnetic Recording Tape
During the 1970's, a commercial magnetic recording tape fabricated with magnetic oxide particles, and with oxide and backcoat binders made from polyester urethane was being used for spacecraft tape recorders, and which would periodically manifest operational problems such as layer-to-layer adhesion, stick-slip, and shedding of sticky organic materials. These problems were generally associated with periods of high humidity. An experimental study identified that these problems resulted from hydrolysis of the polyester urethane binders.
Magnetic Recording Tape↗
The Galileo Tape Recorder Rewind Operation Anomaly
On October 10, 1995, the Galileo spacecraft executed a sequence to record two approach images of Jupiter on the spacecraft's tape recorder, rewind the tape, and play back the images at the appropriate data rate consistent with the downlink performance.
flight↗
On the quality of tape-cast thin films of sulfide electrolytes for solid-state batteries
All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have the potential to increase energy density, improve safety, and allow for lower manufacturing costs compared to conventional, liquid-based Li-ion batteries. The thickness of solid electrolyte (SE) layer dictates the cell-level energy density and it is desirable to make the SE layer as thin as possible while maintaining uniformity and defect-free. Manufacturing a high- quality, thin sulfide SE layer at large-scale, however, is challenging. Previous studies have addressed the compatibility of materials used for manufacturing thin sulfide SE films, paving the way for further investigation of processing conditions and film quality. Here we report a strong correlation between the solid loading of dispersions and the quality of tape-casted thin sulfide SE films. We also demonstrate a method for quantifying the quality of thin SE films by observing both pin-hole defects and larger heterogeneous agglomerations of particles in the films. Our thin sulfide SE films containing ~5 wt% binder are defect-free and show similar ionic conductivity compared to a cold-pressed, binder-free, thick SE pellet, resulting in an ~11X reduction of area specific resistance. Here, this work on the solid loading of the dispersion used in a scalable tape casting process provides insight for manufacturing high-quality, thin sulfide SE films and to increase the cell-level energy density of ASSLB.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Characterization of retroreflective tape optical properties for use with position-sensitive scintillator detectors
Reflective materials such as Teflon and Enhanced Specular Reflector are commonly used to maximize light collection in scintillator-based radiation detection systems. While effective, in most cases, the spatial information carried by the light is diminished or lost entirely. Retroreflectors, in contrast, better preserve the spatial information and have been shown to improve the localization performance of such systems. In this work, the relative retroreflectivity of a selection of commercial retroreflective tapes and their performance impact when coupled to a plastic scintillator are reported. Finally, we demonstrate improved localization performance with some tapes compared to Teflon and black paint.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Optimization of Tape Casting for Fabrication of Li 6.25 Al 0.25 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 Sheets
Tape casting is an attractive technology for the scalable manufacturing of thin lithium garnet electrolyte (LLZO) layers for solid state battery applications. Processing of LLZO is complicated by many factors including lithium volatilization, abnormal grain growth, and phase instability, which are exacerbated by high surface area to volume ratios. In this work a sintering protocol for commercially available Li 6.25 Al 0.25 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 Sheets (Al-LLZO) powder was developed that requires no mother-powder covering or externally applied pressure. MgO was investigated as a sintering additive to improve density and ionic conductivity of the Al-LLZO sheets and produce a fine-grained microstructure. Al-LLZO sheets with 5 wt % MgO had densities of > 90% and ionic conductivity > 2 × 10 -4 S/cm. The optimized ceramic composition and sintering protocol were used to compare several tape casting binder systems. A "green"water-based system using methylcellulose as a binder was developed with green and final properties comparable to those obtained with solvent-based systems.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Flexible tape-drive target system for secondary high-intensity laser-driven sources
Here, we present the development of a flexible tape-drive target system to generate and control secondary high-intensity laser-plasma sources. Its adjustable design permits the generation of relativistic MeV particles and x rays at high-intensity (i.e., ≥1 × 10 18 W cm —2 ) laser facilities, at high repetition rates (>1 Hz). The compact and robust structure shows good mechanical stability and a high target placement accuracy (<4 μm RMS). Its compact and flexible design allows for mounting in both the horizontal and vertical planes, which makes it practical for use in cluttered laser-plasma experimental setups. The design permits ~170° of access on the laser-driver side and 120° of diagnostic access at the rear. A range of adapted apertures have been designed and tested to be easily implemented to the targetry system. The design and performance testing of the tape-drive system in the context of two experiments performed at the COMET laser facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and at the Advanced Lasers and Extreme Photonics (ALEPH) facility at Colorado State University are discussed. Experimental data showing that the designed prototype is also able to both generate and focus high-intensity laser-driven protons at high repetition rates are also presented.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Growth of High-Performance 4-5μm Thick Film REBCO Tapes Doped With Hafnium Using Advanced MOCVD
Advanced metal organic chemical vapor deposition technique (A-MOCVD) was used to grow 4-5 µm thick REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ (REBCO, RE = rare earth) films, doped with 5% and 15% Hf. Thick REBCO films doped with 5% Hf exhibit self-field critical current density (J c ) over 1.8 MA/cm 2 at 77 K and 3 MA/cm 2 at 65 K, 1.5 T. Increasing the Hf content to 15% resulted in J c above 9 MA/cm 2 at 20 K, 9 T. The effect of (Ba+Hf)/Cu content in Hf-added (5 and 15 mol.%) REBCO films on the critical current density at 77 K, 0 T, c-axis lattice parameter and out-of- plane texture has been studied. In addition to growth of thick film REBCO tapes with superior performance, the A-MOCVD reactor has been used to quadruple the precursor-to-film conversion efficiency above 45%. Furthermore, this achievement has a first order impact in lowering the cost of REBCO tapes made by A-MOCVD.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Pioneering Microporous Layers for Proton-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzers via Tape Casting
The imperative shift towards decarbonization necessitates the production of clean hydrogen through water electrolysis, powered by renewable energy sources. Among electrolyzer technologies, proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) systems emerge as a promising option for large-scale hydrogen generation due to their modular design and rapid response, aligning well with the intermittency of renewable energy. In this study, we employ a tape casting method to fabricate microporous layers (MPLs), both as a single layer and as a bilayer over commercial porous transport layers (PTLs), to further enhance performance of water electrolyzers. We demonstrate that microporous layers require adequate pore sizes to facilitate gas removal, preventing gas flooding and preserving electrolyzer performance. Our single layer microporous layers exhibit lower overpotentials compared to commercial sintered Ti PTLs by 142 mV at 4 A·cm ⁻2 . Moreover, we show that having an effective microporous layer enhances electrolyzer performance irrespective of the substrate used, offering avenues for cost reduction. We also investigate novel PTL structures with reduced tortuosity and integrated MPL fabricated via phase inversion tape casting, resulting in a performance enhancement of 92 mV. Our findings unravel the critical role of microporous layer structures and their impact on electrolyzer performance.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Development of 4.0 μm thick film REBCO tapes with length over 10 m by Ohmic heating technique
High-temperature superconducting REBCO (RE-(Gd,Y)Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ ) coated conductor has an immense potential to enable magnetic fields above 20 T because of its high current-carrying capacity, high irreversibility field, and good mechanical properties. Advanced metal organic chemical vapor deposition (A-MOCVD) reactor with ohmic heating has been developed to grow long-length, thick film REBCO tapes in a single pass with superior in-field performance. Multiple long-length 5% Zr doped REBCO tapes with film thickness ranging from 1-4 µm have been produced in an A-MOCVD reactor. The critical current density (J c ) of these conductors has been examined by scanning hall probe microscopy. REBCO coated conductors with ~4 µm thickness exhibit magnetization J c >1.5 MA/cm 2 at 65 K, 1.5 T and 5.4 MA/cm 2 at 4.2 K, 13 T. As a result, the microstructure, out-of-plane and in-plane texture of REBCO coated conductors are also presented.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
L2 Milestone: High Performance Next-Gen Tape Archive Deployed to Classified Computing Environment at LLNL
Livermore Computing (LC) deployed two new next-generation tape libraries, with associated new tape drives and media, in the classified environment in FY20. This project achieved completion in Q3FY20.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Ribbon Wrinkling Origin and Its Effect on Tape-Wound Core Shape
Improved understanding of advanced manufacturing techniques is needed to fabricate next- generation soft magnetic tape-wound cores. These utilize metal amorphous nano-composites (MANCs) in the form of long thin ribbons. MANCs exhibit attractive soft magnetic properties for use in high frequency and high power density magnetic components. Of particular interest here, the permeability and hysteresis of MANC ribbons can be tuned in a strain annealing process. An unexpected consequence is that wider ribbons develop longitudinal wrinkle patterns. This can substantially reduce the tape-wound core stacking factor. However, when winding a wrinkled ribbon into a toroidal core, the wrinkles can completely flatten, or crinkle. By this phenomenon, the stacking factor can be recovered. To understand the crinkling effect we have developed analytical and finite element analysis (FEA) models. Experiments with known boundary conditions demonstrate the transition from wrinkled to crinkled versus winding curvature. The models utilize an elastic modulus measured via ribbon tensile testing and a ribbon thickness value measurement made by profilometry. The analytical model provides insight into the crinkling effect but cannot explain the length of the transition region from wrinkling to crinkling. With FEA, we successfully predict the transition region and depending on wrinkling amplitude can determine when a ribbon will wind into a useable core. Such mechanics-based insight provides critical feedback for allowable processing parameters in the strain annealing process.
20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
Automated tape-target centering based on template matching for construction measurement tasks using robotic total station
Robotic total stations have transformed surveying and construction mapping through precise, efficient, and automated measurements. These instruments integrate a theodolite, which measures horizontal and vertical angles, with an electronic distance measurement (EDM) unit to determine distances, allowing accurate 3D measurement of observable points. Traditionally, users manually aimed the total station at a target. Recent advancements in robotic motor control and integration of cameras now enable automatic rotation and aiming, typically requiring only a single operator to position the target. Automated aiming is commonly performed using retroreflector prisms, which reflect light back to the source with minimal scattering, enabling high-precision measurements over long distances. However, retroreflectors, especially those designed for 360 degree, can be expensive and impractical for certain applications. This paper presents an algorithm for automating the center detection of low-cost disposable tape targets using the total station's onboard camera and a template matching algorithm. The algorithm identifies the target's center pixel in the image, and the instrument is commanded to aim at that location. We evaluated the performance of this template-matching-based centering method under various distances, angles, lighting conditions, and field environments, comparing its results to both manual aiming and conventional automated aiming of tape targets. Manual aiming was used as the baseline operational reference in the absence of an independent ground-truth measurement. The proposed approach achieves target centering results comparable to the manual baseline. This method provides a cost-effective alternative for high-precision applications where retroreflector targets are constrained by budget or logistics.
Harrington, Joshua [ORNL]↗
Low-cost tape system measures velocity of acceleration
By affixing perforated magnetic recording tape to the falling end of a body, acceleration and velocity were measured. The measurement was made by allowing the tape to pass between a light source and a photoelectric sensor. Data was obtained from a readout device.
Hartenstein, R.↗
Compact cartridge drives coded tape at constant readout speed
To facilitate storage and repetitive reading of short-program coded tape, a cartridge case, containing mechanical drive and readout assemblies, has been fabricated. The drive transports the tape past a conventional pickup device during the reading function.
Austin, D. C.↗
JPL Ephemeris Tapes E9510, E9511, and E9512
The first issue of JPL Ephemeris Tapes is described. These tapes carry the positions and velocities of the planets and of the Moon, plus nutations and nutation rates in longitude and obliquity, together with second and fourth modified differences, for the interval December 30, 1949, to January 5, 2000.
Peabody, P. R.↗
PCM magnetic tape system efficiently records and reproduces data
Split-phase PCM technique consists of data and clock signal recording and reproduction systems. This PCM magnetic tape system achieves a high packing density on the tape and provides a symmetrical reproduction of the recorded signal.
Cole, P. T.↗
Expandable takeup reel facilitates paper tape removal
Takeup reel receives continuous paper tapes from data recording machines. The roller is recessed to have four longitudinal members about its periphery which can be extended or retracted to change the overall diameter of the assembly to allow easy removal of the tapes.
Westerman, H. E.↗