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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Christopher Graham of Special Security IT and Cyber Operations (SSO-3) makes medieval armor using a combination of old-school techniques and tools with modern accouterments, such as a blacksmith’s gas-powered forge and a power hammer.
This project combined modeling and experimentation across micro-meso-macro length scales to investigate the role of long-range internal stresses associated with obstacles and dislocation populations, in the deformation response of cubic metals. In addition to unique insights into the physical behavior of metals, advances were also made in modeling techniques and tools at the meso and atomistic level, and new characterization methods were developed and disseminated to the scientific community. Twenty eight journal papers, two dissertations and three theses have served as vehicles to share the gained scientific knowledge, and two open-source software packages have been developed, maintained and distributed. Additional publications are in progress.
This project combined modeling and experimentation across micro-meso-macro length scales to investigate the role of long-range internal stresses associated with obstacles and dislocation populations, in the deformation response of cubic metals. In addition to unique insights into the physical behavior of metals, advances were also made in modeling techniques and tools at the meso and atomistic level, and new characterization methods were developed and disseminated to the scientific community. Twenty eight journal papers, two dissertations and three theses have served as vehicles to share the gained scientific knowledge, and two opensource software packages have been developed, maintained and distributed. Additional publications are in progress.
Threat intelligence sources are numerous, and the quality of their intelligence is equally variable. The need for quality, actionable, and shareable intelligence is becoming increasingly important as cyber-threats continue to increase. In this paper, we describe the process we used to enrich U.S. CERT’s Technical Alert entitled “Russian Government Cyber-Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors,” affectionately referred to as “Russians In the Grid,” from a series of separate but related reports to a final, actionable, unified Structured Threat Information Expression (STIX) v2 representation of the report. In the process, we detail the tools and procedures we used, some of which are automated and others highly manual. We identify some of the limitations of current STIX enrichment tools and techniques, and propose enhancements to allow for more effective enrichment and better overall threat intelligence to be used for more effective threat data-sharing, as well as machine learning-based predictive threat work being conducted at Idaho National Laboratory.
Facility Energy Saving and Securing Technology (FEST) project focuses on developing algorithmic tools and techniques for analyzing cyber-physical security of DoD’s military site facilities, and optimal scheduling, operation and planning of their Distributed Energy Resources (DER). The project is led by LLNL with the team including University of Michigan-Dearborn and XENDEE. The military site partner providing the energy metering data is White Sands Missile Range (WSMR). This report summarizes the work performed during the project and future directions for follow-on research.
The statement of project objectives for this task was: develop tools, methods and models to assess, and mitigate the risk of damage to MHK infrastructure from woody debris. Develop the capability to detect woody debris using sonar and/or physical methods for purposes of characterizing debris statistics in river (at UAF’s Tanana River Test Site) and near-shore wave (at Yakutat, AK) environments and to activate debris mitigation measures. Develop debris impact risk maps and tables using statistics on debris size, geometry, type, prevalence, mobility and location. Improve and apply the COUPi discrete element method (DEM) to develop models of debris movement and impact on MHK infrastructure to evaluate risk of damage, and interference, to operations from debris. The proposed final deliverable for the task was a set of tools or techniques for providing estimates of the probability of debris impact, and resulting impact forces, on MHK infrastructure as a function of debris size, type, wave regime, and current velocity. Such estimates are required to assess damage risks to operational MHK infrastructure.
Understanding the geophysical response near an underground explosion is crucial for generating insights into the source and emplacement conditions that produce distinct observations in monitoring scenarios occurring at greater distances. Recently, Shot A of the Low Yield Nuclear Monitoring (LYNM) Physics Experiment 1 (PE1) series was conducted at the Nevada National Security Site to provide ground truth for subsurface explosion signal models. This experiment resulted in measuring near-source ground motion at distances ranging from 70 to 1000 m/kt with a 99% success rate, yielding high-fidelity knowledge of the near-field response that can serve as benchmarks for future numerical modeling and experiment planning. However, technical challenges exist in observing near-source phenomena while safeguarding sensitive data acquisition components from the detrimental effects of ground motion in the subsurface. This report outlines tools and techniques to address challenges associated with observing near-source accelerations and within the tunnel drift of the PE1 test bed. Additionally, we describe key systems designed with both modern advancements and legacy guidance to maximize the collection of high-quality ground motion data, which may be applied to constitutive and computational models, leading to new or improved understanding of the near- and far-field signals produced by underground explosions.
The “Watching the Watchers” project studied the problem of establishing assurance cases for tools that are used to assure other things. Specifically, we were interested in understanding the tools and techniques one could apply to software to build an assurance case to evaluate their applicability, difficulty, level of assurance provided, and scalability. To do so we chose a set of use cases of relevance to LLNL and our various DOE and non-DOE partners and developed demonstrators to perform this evaluation. Our key focal point was around additive manufacturing problems and assurance gaps that we identified in the additive manufacturing workflow from start to completion. We also explored other areas related to AI, data analysis, and concurrent programming. Follow-on research is planned to take our prototypes from this project and adapt and mature them to fit LLNL mission applications.
The integration of heat pumps with thermal energy storage (HP-TES) systems is gaining attention as a viable solution for managing peak building demand driven by immense cooling and heating loads. With growing reliance on renewable energy sources, thermal energy storage offers an excellent opportunity to mitigate mismatches in thermal load between energy supply and demand. The use of phase-change material (PCM) TES is especially promising, as PCMs offer significant latent energy storage capacity with smaller temperature glides in smaller volumes compared to other TES technologies. However, challenges arise because current HP-TES architectures can load-shift only cooling or heating, not both, requiring two systems and thus doubling cost, weight, and footprint. Furthermore, current research efforts lack specific tools and techniques to advance integrated systems from concept design to end-user application, focusing on only discharge performance. To address these challenges, this research proposes a dual-mode (heating and cooling) integrated HP-TES system that uses room-temperature PCM-TES as a high-temperature heat source in heating mode and a low-temperature heat sink in cooling mode, thereby reducing temperature lifts and compressor power. Design criteria for PCM-TES heat exchangers were developed, balancing thermal-hydraulic performance with practical constraints such as available building space and weight requirements along with PCM selection considerations such as shipping conditions, moisture exposure, and number of available cycles. A detailed transient model for HP-TES systems was developed to enable rapid annual performance assessments in any US climate zone.
The DOE Building Technologies Office generally seeks to develop, demonstrate, and accelerate the adoption of cost-effective technologies, techniques, and tools in support of an equitable transition to a decarbonized building stock and energy system by 2050. This ABC Innovations Roadmap specifically focuses on and prioritizes innovations that support the industrialization of whole building retrofits and rapid growth of efficient new construction. The content relates to the integration of technologies and industrialization of processes associated with building construction and renovation. The ABC Innovations Roadmap cross-applies innovations in both the new and existing building sectors with a focus on widescale applicability. Installation flexibility is key to commoditizing solutions that are applicable for a wide variety of buildings (e.g., different building types, vintages, architectural details, and system configurations) and to help simplify decarbonization processes for the workforce.
The past decade has seen significant progress in the field of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. The exponentially growing multi-omics data and technological advances in the development of efficient genetic manipulation tools and techniques have allowed scientists to explore and expand their understanding of microbial metabolisms and further develop sophisticated engineering strategies to realize the use of industrial "workhorses" and non-conventional microorganisms for sustainable bioconversion and biorefinery. There is of great interest for the research community in using C1 compounds (i.e., CO 2 , CO/syngas, methane, methanol) as the next generation feedstocks for microbial cell factories and biocatalysts to promote the sustainable development of a green economy (Figure 1). Considering lowering input costs is also a main consideration for successful business ventures, the use of inexpensive, abundant, and widely accessible C1 compounds is envisioned as a promising route for the sustainable production of fine chemicals, fuels, and other high-value products. Many C1 compounds are waste gases from industrial activities and may have detrimental effects on climate change upon emission into the atmosphere. Therefore, promoting the use of C1 compounds as renewable carbon feedstocks can greatly contribute to the reduction of anthropogenic emission of air pollutants.
In this work, we present a collection of human-centered pitfalls that can occur when using machine learning tools and techniques in modern astronomical research, and we recommend best practices in order to mitigate these pitfalls. Human concerns affect the adoption and evolution of machine learning (ML) techniques in both existing workflows and work cultures. We use current and future surveys such as ZTF and LSST, the data that they collect, and the techniques implemented to process that data as examples of these challenges and the potential application of these best practices, with the ultimate goal of maximizing the discovery potential of these surveys.
The ITS concept study is preceded by two requirements studies whose primary objectives are to identify viable demands and to develop the functional requirements associated with these demands. In addition to continuing this basic activity the ITS concept study objectives are to: (1) develop tools and techniques for planning advanced information transfer satellite communications systems, and to (2) select viable systems for further analysis both in their near-term and in the far-term aspects.
The proposed software guidelines to be followed by the European Space Research Organization in the development of software for the Spacelab being developed for use as a payload for the space shuttle are documented. Concepts, techniques, and tools needed to assure the success of a programming project are defined as they relate to operation of the data management subsystem, support of experiments and space applications, use with ground support equipment, and for integration testing.
A survey and analysis of the existing methods, tools and techniques employed in the development of software are presented along with recommendations for the construction of reliable software. Functional designs for software specification language, and the data base verifier are presented.
Management is a compilation of references to selected reports, journal articles, and other documents on the subject of management. This publication lists 368 documents originally announced in the 1975 issues of Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) or International Aerospace Abstracts (IAA). It includes references on the management of research and development, contracts, production, logistics, personnel, safety, reliability and quality control. It also includes references on: program, project and systems management; management policy, philosophy, tools, and techniques; decisionmaking processes for managers; technology assessment; management of urban problems; and information for managers on Federal resources, expenditures, financing, and budgeting.
This bibliography lists 782 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in 1977. The citations, and abstracts when available, are reproduced exactly as they appeared originally in IAA and STAR, including the original accession numbers from the respective announcement journals. Topics cover the management of research and development contracts, production, logistics, personnel, safety, reliability and quality control citations. Includes references on: program, project and systems management; management policy, philosophy, tools, and techniques; decisionmaking processes for managers; technology assessment; management of urban problems; and information for managers on Federal resources, expenditures, financing, and budgeting.
Brazing furnace utilizing partial-vacuum technique reduces tooling requirements and produces better bond. Benefit in that partial vacuum helps to dissociate metal oxides that inhibit metal flow and eliminates heavy tooling required to hold parts together during brazing.