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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1995

Evidence of seasonally dependent stratosphere-troposphere exchange and purging of lower stratospheric aerosol from a multiyear lidar data set

Tropospheric and lower stratospheric aerosol backscatter data obtained from a calibrated backscatter lidar at Pasadena, California (34 deg N latitude) over the 1984-1993 period clearly indicate tightly coupled aerosol optical properties in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in the winter and early spring, due to the active midlatitude stratospheric-tropospheric (ST) exchange processes occurring at this time of year. Lidar data indicate that during pre-Pinaturbo background conditions, the subsequent purging of the aerosol in the upper troposphere caused a significant reduction in the aerosol content throughout the 8 - 18 km altitude region in the early spring period. The post-Pinatubo evidence of intense exchange in the winter and early spring is a significant increase in the upper tropospheric aerosol content, such that the backscatter levels reach values nearly equivalent to the enhanced backscatter levels existing in the lower stratosphere. The calculated stratospheric mass extrusion rate is consistent with a 45-day lifetime of lower stratospheric aerosol during this part of the year, which implies that midlatitude ST exchange is a significant sink for stratospheric aerosol.

Menzies, Robert T.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Analysis of the Westland Data Set

The "Westland" set of empirical accelerometer helicopter data with seeded and labeled faults is analyzed with the aim of condition monitoring. The autoregressive (AR) coefficients from a simple linear model encapsulate a great deal of information in a relatively few measurements; and it has also been found that augmentation of these by harmonic and other parameters call improve classification significantly. Several techniques have been explored, among these restricted Coulomb energy (RCE) networks, learning vector quantization (LVQ), Gaussian mixture classifiers and decision trees. A problem with these approaches, and in common with many classification paradigms, is that augmentation of the feature dimension can degrade classification ability. Thus, we also introduce the Bayesian data reduction algorithm (BDRA), which imposes a Dirichlet prior oil training data and is thus able to quantify probability of error in all exact manner, such that features may be discarded or coarsened appropriately.

Wen, Fang↗
NASA NTRS1987

Atlas of wide-field-of-view outgoing longwave radiation derived from Nimbus 6 Earth radiation budget data set, July 1975 to June 1978

An atlas of monthly mean outgoing longwave radiation global contour maps and associated spherical harmonic coefficients is presented. The atlas contains 36 months of continuous data from July 1975 to June 1978. The data were derived from the first Earth radiation budget experiment, which was flown on the Nimbus-6 Sun-synchronous satellite in 1975. Only the wide-field-of-view longwave measurements are cataloged in this atlas. The contour maps along with the associated sets of spherical harmonic coefficients form a valuable data set for studying different aspects of our changing climate over monthly, annual, and interannual scales in the time domain, and over regional, zonal, and global scales in the spatial domain.

Bess, T. Dale↗
NASA NTRS2011

Determining the Number of Clusters in a Data Set Without Graphical Interpretation

Cluster analysis is a data mining technique that is meant ot simplify the process of classifying data points. The basic clustering process requires an input of data points and the number of clusters wanted. The clustering algorithm will then pick starting C points for the clusters, which can be either random spatial points or random data points. It then assigns each data point to the nearest C point where "nearest usually means Euclidean distance, but some algorithms use another criterion. The next step is determining whether the clustering arrangement this found is within a certain tolerance. If it falls within this tolerance, the process ends. Otherwise the C points are adjusted based on how many data points are in each cluster, and the steps repeat until the algorithm converges,

Aguirre, Nathan S.↗
NASA NTRS2014

Comparing Geologic Data Sets Collected by Planetary Analog Traverses and by Standard Geologic Field Mapping: Desert Rats Data Analysis

Geologic mapping involves interpreting relationships between identifiable units and landforms to understand the formative history of a region. Traditional field techniques are used to accomplish this on Earth. Mapping proves more challenging for other planets, which are studied primarily by orbital remote sensing and, less frequently, by robotic and human surface exploration. Systematic comparative assessments of geologic maps created by traditional mapping versus photogeology together with data from planned traverses are limited. The objective of this project is to produce a geologic map from data collected on the Desert Research and Technology Studies (RATS) 2010 analog mission using Apollo-style traverses in conjunction with remote sensing data. This map is compared with a geologic map produced using standard field techniques.

Feng, Wanda↗
NASA NTRS1979

Use of global atmospheric data sets to test quasi-geostrophic eddy momentum flux convergence

The quasi-geostrophic relation between the fluxes of momentum, potential vorticity, and potential temperature is tested with global sets of atmospheric wind and temperature data by computing the convergence of momentum flux as a residual of the potential temperature and potential vorticity flux and comparing it to the momentum flux convergence computed directly. It is shown that in the troposphere between 18 N and 74 N the observed momentum flux convergence differs from the quasi-geostrophic convergence by 25%-60%, with the larger errors only occurring where the convergence is small. These results indicate that momentum flux convergence obtained from quasi-geostrophic theory is adequate for qualitative studies of the general circulation, and is comparable in accuracy to values obtained in general circulation models. For simple climate models and qualitative process studies, it can thus provide a useful approach.

Heck, W. J.↗
NASA NTRS2007

Seasonal Correlations of SST, Water Vapor, and Convective Activity in Tropical Oceans: A New Hyperspectral Data Set for Climate Model Testing

The analysis of the response of the Earth Climate System to the seasonal changes of solar forcing in the tropical oceans using four years of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) data between 2002 and 2006 gives new insight into amplitude and phase relationships between surface and tropospheric temperatures, humidity, and convective activity. The intensity of the convective activity is measured by counting deep convective clouds. The peaks of convective activity, temperature in the mid-troposphere, and water vapor in the 0 - 30 N and 0 - 30 S tropical ocean zonal means occur about two months after solstice, all leading the peak of the sea surface temperature by several weeks. Phase is key to the evaluation of feedback. The evaluation of climate models in terms of zonal and annual means and annual mean deviations from zonal means can now be supplemented by evaluating the phase of key atmospheric and surface parameters relative to solstice. The ability of climate models to reproduce the statistical flavor of the observed amplitudes and relative phases for broad zonal means should lead to increased confidence in the realism of their water vapor and cloud feedback algorithms. AIRS and AMSU were launched into a 705 km altitude polar sun-synchronous orbit on the EOS Aqua spacecraft on May 4, 2002, and have been in routine data gathering mode since September 2002.

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder↗
NASA NTRS2020

Aircraft Engine Run-To-Failure Data Set Under Real Flight Conditions

The generation of data-driven prognostics models requires the availability of datasets with run-to-failure trajectories. In order to contribute to the development of these methods, the dataset provides a new realistic dataset of run-to-failure trajectories for a small fleet of aircraft engines under realistic flight conditions. The damage propagation modelling used for the generation of this synthetic dataset builds on the modelling strategy from previous work [1] and incorporates two new levels of fidelity. First, it considers real flight conditions as recorded on board of a commercial jet [2]. Secondly, it extends the degradation modelling by relating the degradation process to the operation history. The dataset was generated with the Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation (C-MAPSS) dynamical model [3]. More details about the generation process can be found in [4].

CMAPSS↗
NASA NTRS1980

The winds of the comparison data set for the Seasat Gulf of Alaska Experiment

Ship and data buoy winds used for comparison in the validation of Seasat-derived winds are described in terms of the time series of hourly wind observations from the buoys and in terms of the techniques used to produce 20- and 30-min average winds from the ships. Attention is given to the comparison data, the synoptic scale wind, turbulence concepts, the data buoy winds, Ocean Weather Station PAPA, the oceanographer data, and the results from Ocean Station PAPA Ship Quadra and from the oceanographer. Sources of scatter in the comparison data are reviewed.

Pierson, W. J.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Distributed Queries of Large Numerical Data Sets

We have extended a previously developed high-level data model, which combines numerical quantities and meta-data into a unified hybrid model, to distributed data. An elegant query language based on SQL is extended further to allow queries against such a distributed hybrid data base. The extension is realized by allowing statements in a non-SQL programming language to be embedded in SQL view definitions.

Nemes, Richard M.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Lightning studies using LDAR and companion data sets

Research was conducted to use the KSC Lightning Detection and Ranging (LDAR) system, together with companion data, in four subprojects: weather forecasting and advisory applications of LDAR, LDAR in relation to field mill readings, lightning flash and stroke detection using LDAR, and LDAR in relation to radar reflectivity patterns and KSC wind profiler vertical velocities. The research is aimed at developing rules, algorithms, and training materials that can be used by the operational weather forecasters who issue weather advisories for daily ground operations and launches by NASA and the United States Air Force. During the summer of 1993, LDAR data was examined on an hourly basis from 14 thunderstorm days and compared to ground strike data measured by the Lightning Location and Protection (LLP) system. These data were re-examined during 1994 to identify, number, and track LDAR-detected storms continually throughout the day and avoid certain interpretation problems arising from the use of hourly files. An areal storm growth factor was incorporated into a scheme to use current mappings of LDAR-defined thunderstorms to predict future ground strikes. During the summer of 1994, extensive sets of LDAR and companion data have been collected for 16 thunderstorm days, including a variety of meteorological situations. Detailed case studies are being conducted to relate the occurence of LDAR to the radar structure and evolution of thunderstorms. Field mill (LPWS) data are being examined to evaluate the complementary nature of LDAR and LPLWS data in determining the time of beginning and ending of the ground strike threat at critical sites. A computerized lightning flash and stroke discrimination algorithm has been written that can be used to help locate the points of origin of the electrical discharges, help distinguish in-cloud, cloud-ground, and upward flashes, and perhaps determine when the threat of ground strikes has ceased. Surface wind tower (mesonet), radar, sounding, and KSC wind profiler data will be used to develop schemes to help anticipate the timing and location of new thunderstorm development. Analysis of this data will continue in graduate student research projects.

Forbes, Gregory S.↗
NASA NTRS2015

Comparison of OLR Data Sets from AIRS, CERES and MERRA 2

Organizers of the NASA Sounder Science Team Meeting would like to post the presentations to a the JPL Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) publicly-available website. The meeting was held in Greenbelt, Maryland, October 13-16, 2015.

remote sensing↗