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DOE OSTI2024

Portable HCAL reconstruction in the CMS detector using the Alpaka library

CMS has deployed a number of different GPU algorithms at the High-Level Trigger (HLT) in Run 3. As the code base for GPU algorithms continues to grow, the burden for developing and maintaining separate implementations for GPU and CPU becomes increasingly challenging. To mitigate this, CMS has adopted the Alpaka (Abstraction Library for Parallel Kernel Acceleration) library as the performance portability solution to provide a single-code base for parallel execution on both GPUs and CPUs in CMS software (CMSSW). A direct CUDA version of HCAL energy reconstruction, called Minimization At Hcal, Iteratively (MAHI), has been deployed at the HLT in the 2022-2023 data taking period. This contribution will describe how the CUDA version is converted into a portable implementation using the Alpaka library. We will discuss the porting experience from CUDA to Alpaka, the validation process and the performance of the Alpaka version in CPU and GPU.

Kwok, Martin↗
DOE OSTI2025

Search for the Muon EDM at Muon $g-2$

After 6 years of taking data, the Muon $g-2$ Experiment measured the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon $a_μ$ to a final precision of 127 ppb. In parallel to this analysis, it is possible to perform a measurement of the muon electric dipole moment (EDM) using the straw tracker detectors. In the Standard Model (SM) EDMs are predicted to be vanishingly small. A non-zero muon EDM would constitute physics beyond the SM (BSM) and be a source of charge-parity violation. The current limit on the muon EDM was set at the predecessor experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory, giving $|d_\mu|<1.8\times10^{-19}\ e\cdot$cm Fermilab aims to improve this by an order of magnitude, which will help to constrain BSM theories. This poster will cover the importance, methodology, and status of this measurement.

Bailey, Lucy [University Coll. London]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electromagnetic shower reconstruction in the ICARUS liquid argon time projection chamber detector

The ICARUS-T600 liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) detector is taking data at shallow depth as the far detector of the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program at Fermilab, to search for a possible sterile neutrino signal at $\Delta m^{2} \approx 1~\text{eV}^{2}$ with the Booster (BNB) and Main Injector (NuMI) neutrino beams at $\GeV{\sim 0.8}$ and $\GeV{\sim 2}$ average energies respectively. The LArTPC technology, developed by the ICARUS collaboration and now a standard in neutrino physics, offers impressive charged-particle imaging capabilities with $\sim1 \ \text{mm}$ spatial resolution, enabling efficient discrimination between track-like signatures (e.g., from muons, pions, and protons) and electromagnetic showers (from electrons and photons). Moreover, electron and photon signatures can be distinguished both with the calorimetric measurement of local energy depositions at the shower start and with the cm-scale conversion gap signature of photons. This contribution discusses event reconstruction at ICARUS focusing on Pandora, a multi-algorithm pattern recognition software widely used in LArTPC experiments. Over a hundred Pandora algorithms and tools are used to reconstruct cosmic rays and neutrino interactions in the ICARUS detector. Recent developments have focused on the reconstruction of electromagnetic shower signatures, crucial to ensure a robust and efficient reconstruction of charged-current $\nu_e$ interactions, which serve as a key signature of sterile neutrino oscillations at SBN. In this contribution, recent improvements to the reconstruction are discussed, focusing on the discrimination between tracks and electromagnetic showers using neutrino simulations and data.

Triozzi, Riccardo [Padua U.; INFN, Padua] (ORCID:0↗
DOE OSTI2023

Study of NuMI Dirt Monte Carlo Events in the ICARUS T600 Detector (Fermilab Internship Final Report)

The moving of the Icarus detector from Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso to Fermilab in order to pursue the physics goals of the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program has introduced the necessity of a more careful study of backgrounds. In this work some developments of the validation of the Monte Carlo backgrounds for the Icarus run 1 data taking are presented, focusing on the study of the so called “Dirt” events from the NuMI beamline. In particular the analysis hints at a possible underestimation of the muon background. Hopefully this issue will be solved at a later stage of the analysis with the inclusion of components that were not considered in the present work.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

High Yield nTOF Spec A and NP Filter Holders Static and Seismic Analysis

The Neutron Time-of-Flight (nTOF) detectors located in the Alcove and at the North Pole (Spec A and Spec NP respectively) need filtering in the beam path to enable them to take data at NIF yields above 5MJ. The filtering consists of 12cm of filter material divided into four, 3cm thick “pucks.” The pucks are 7cm in diameter. Each puck is mounted into a rotatable stage, also called a Filter Flipper, that can bring it into and out of the beam path, see Figure 1-1. These stages are bolted onto a plate that connects the filter stages to the mounting hardware used to position them in the NIF Target Bay. The top-level filter mount assemblies will be permanently mounted in the facility; removal is possible if needed for NIF maintenance, but the design intent is for the assemblies to remain in their locations after alignment is completed.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2026

Results from the DUNE ND-LAr 2x2 Demonstrator Run 2

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a cutting-edge, long-baseline experiment under construction in the United States, based on large liquid-argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs). The DUNE Near Detector LArTPC (ND-LAr) will employ a novel modular architecture using a pixelated LArPix charge readout. To validate this design and characterize detector response, the 2×2 demonstrator—an array of eight optically isolated LArTPC modules—was deployed at Fermilab in 2024. During winter 2025, the 2x2 demonstrator was operated for a second data-taking campaign (Run 2) with the aim of studying the low-energy response of the detector. Run 2 focused on calibration and response studies using a suite of deployed radioactive sources. Gamma sources (²²Na, ⁶⁰Co, and ⁸⁸Y) were used to probe module-to-module performance variations, energy resolution, and calibrations. Neutron sources (AmBe and a pulsed neutron generator) enabled studies of neutron interactions in liquid argon, including inelastic scatters and neutron capture signals, relevant for low-energy backgrounds and detector modeling. In addition, the detector was doped with ²²⁰Rn, providing Bi–Po coincidence signals that allow precise calibration of the charge and scintillation response. This poster will present results from these calibration campaigns. These studies provide critical validation of the ND-LAr modular LArTPC concept and inform calibration and reconstruction strategies for the full DUNE near detector.

Mora-Lepin, Luis [Florida State U.] (ORCID:0000000↗
DOE OSTI2020

Status and Plan of DUNE at Fermilab

The discovery and the solid confirmation of neutrino flavor oscillation have been made throughout late 1990 to 2000s. Such oscillation is the clear proof of non-zero neutrino mass since this is caused by the fact that the neutrino mass eigenstates differ from that of the flavor. The neutrinos in the Standard Model, however, are massless leptons, and thus the neutrino flavor oscillation necessitates either the Standard Model to be significantly modified or a new theoretical paradigm to describe the universe better. In order to provide experimental information, it is essential for the properties of the neutrino oscillation be well understood through precision measurements of oscillation parameters, including the mixing angles, determination of the mass hierarchy between the three mass eigenstates and determination of the CP phase (Delta_CP) between neutrino and anti-neutrino oscillations. Among the several next generation neutrino experiments, this presentation covers the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) which, with the high intensity neutrino beam facility, will help accomplish these goals. In this report, I will discuss the current status and plan of the DUNE experiment, including the results of the detector performance studies from the large scale prototype detectors operating at CERN and the timeline for construction and data taking of the experiment, as well as its physics prospects.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2020

Neutrino interaction physics and the DUNE Near Detector

DUNE is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment that will take data in a wideband neutrino beam at Fermilab, starting in the latter half of the 2020s. The experiment is planning to build a very capable near detector to facilitate the high precision extraction of oscillation parameters. Part of the mission of the near detector is to acquire powerful data sets that can be used to constrain the fits used in the oscillation analyses and improve the neutrino interaction model. In this talk, the importance and the potential of a vibrant program of neutrino interaction physics using this detector is described. A few case studies that illustrate the power of the DUNE near detector for studying neutrino interaction physics are described.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Resonant Extraction and Extinction Measurement for the Mu2e Experiment

The Mu2e experiment, currently under construction at Fermilab, will search for coherent neutrinoless muon to electron conversion, extending the sensitivity of searches for charged lepton flavour violation by four orders of magnitude in 3-5 years of data-taking. This improved sensitivity is made possible by using a pulsed beam structure that is optimized for reducing prompt backgrounds when muons are stopped on an aluminium target. Producing a high-rate pulsed beam is achieved using resonant extraction of a circulating proton beam, an “AC dipole” with a time-varying field to deflect out-of-time protons, and a system to measure the extinction of out-of-time beam particles incident on the muon production target. These proceedings summarize the systems that have been designed to achieve the required level of extinction and to continuously place limits on the presence of out-of-time beam hitting the production target with a sensitivity of <1e-10.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

The sPHENIX Experiment at RHIC

The sPHENIX experiment is the successor to the PHENIX experiment at RHIC and is optimized to study heavy flavor and jets arising from heavy ion collisions. The detector utilizes advanced technologies such as a monolithic active pixel vertex detector while also repurposing technologies originally from other high energy experiments such as BaBar, ATLAS and ALICE. The design and status of the sPHENIX detector is detailed along with the projected physics capabilities and planned measurements that the collaboration will work to achieve. sPHENIX is expected to begin data taking in 2023.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

ICARUS: new voyage to sterile neutrino search in the Short Baseline Program

The ICARUS collaboration operated the 760-ton T600 detector in a successful three-year physics run at the underground LNGS laboratories studying neutrino oscillations with the CNGS neutrino beam from CERN, and searching for atmospheric neutrino interactions. ICARUS performed a sensitive search for LSND-like anomalous νe appearance in the CNGS beam, which contributed to the constraints on the allowed parameters to a narrow region around $Δm^2=1 e\text{V}^2$, where all the experimental results can be coherently accommodated at 90% C.L. After a significant overhaul at CERN, the T600 detector has been installed at Fermilab. In 2020 cryogenic commissioning began with detector cool down, liquid Argon filling and recirculation. ICARUS has started operations and is presently in its commissioning phase with the aim of collecting its first neutrino events from the Booster Neutrino Beam and the NuMI off-axis beam. The main goal of the first year of ICARUS data taking will then be the definitive verification of the recent claim by NEUTRINO-4 short baseline reactor experiment both in the $ν_μ$ channel with the BNB and in the $ν_e$ with NuMI. After the first year of operations, ICARUS will commence its search for evidence of a sterile neutrino jointly with the SBND near detector, within the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program. The ICARUS exposure to the NuMI beam will also give the possibility for other physics studies such as light dark matter searches and neutrino-Argon cross section measurements. The proposed contribution addresses ICARUS achievements, its status and plans for the new run at Fermilab and the ongoing developments of the analysis tools needed to fulfill its physics program.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

The Short Baseline Neutrino Program at Fermilab

The current status of the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) project at Fermilab is reviewed. While the installation of SBND is still in progress, ICARUS has taken its first neutrino data on beam:using both the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) and the Neutrino at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam.MicroBooNE has presently completed its data taking and is producing the world’s first high statistics results on neutrino Argon interactions, in both inclusive and exclusive channels. In parallel, the unexpected MiniBooNE “low energy excess” is under investigation, to search for sterile neutrinos.The physics potential for sterile neutrino searches at SBN will be outlined, with emphasis on the Neutrino-4 experiment and the possible ICARUS verification of this claim.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

The Mu2e experiment

The Mu2e experiment, currently under construction at Fermilab, will search for neutrinoless mu->e conversion in the field of an aluminum atom. A clear signature of this chargedlepton flavor violating two-body process is given by the monoenergetic conversion electron of 104.97 MeV produced in the final state.An 8 GeV/c pulsed proton beam interacting on a tungsten target will produce the pions decaying in muons; a set of superconducting magnets will drive the negative muon beam to a segmented aluminum target where the stopped muons will eventually convert to electrons; a set of detectors will be used to both identify conversion electrons and reject beam and cosmic backgrounds.The experiment will need 3-5 years of data-taking to achieve a factor of $10^4$ improvement on the current best limit on the conversion rate.After an introduction to the physics of Mu2e, we will report on the status of the different components of the experimental apparatus. The updated estimate of the experiment’s sensitivity and discovery potential will be presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

SpinQuest Polarized Target System

The SpinQuest experiment at Fermilab uses a solid-state polarized ammonia target held at a magnetic field of 5 T, immersed in liquid helium-4, which is held at approximately 1K by the evaporation refrigerator. The refrigerator provides the required cooling power during the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) process and the high intensity interaction with the 120 GeV proton beam from the Fermilab main injector. The refrigerator was designed in compliance with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) to operate safely at Fermilab. The high pumping capacity ($17,000 \:m^3/h$) roots stack provides the required pumping speed during DNP production data taking and a custom-made radiation hard flow control valve regulates the refrigerator temperature during the thermal equilibrium calibration measurements. The frequency of the microwave generator, an Extended Interaction Oscillator (EIO), is automated to keep the maximum polarization while the (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) NMR system continuously measures the polarization of the target material. In this talk, an overview of the SpinQuest polarized target system will be presented as well as a brief report of recent commissioning activities and target performance during the early production runs in 2024.

Bandara, Vibodha [Colombo U.]↗
DOE OSTI2026

Design of a Level-1 Long-Lived Particle Trigger in the CMS Hadron Calorimeter

The Hadron Calorimeter (HCAL) in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was recently upgraded for Run 3 to introduce depth segmentation and online timing measurements, expanding the physics capabilities. In particular, the augmentation of the calorimeter information at the hardware trigger level enables quick identification and recording of long-lived particle decays using lower thresholds on energy-based event quantities. The depth segmentation and online timing capabilities are utilized in novel HCAL-based hardware-level triggers to identify displaced and delayed long-lived particles (LLPs), either decaying inside the calorimeter volume or arriving at a delayed time. This increases the sensitivity to LLP decays occurring up to almost 6 m from the collision point. This two-pronged calorimeter trigger approach leverages the new capabilities of the CMS HCAL to expand the phase space accessible in ongoing LLP searches. These triggers were deployed for Run 3 of the LHC, beginning data-taking in 2022, and we review the trigger implementation and calibration.

Kopp, Gillian Baron [Princeton University, NJ (Uni↗
DOE OSTI2022

Accessing glue through photoproduction measurements at GlueX

Photoproduction experiments are a key tool in the investigation of the spectrum of hadronic states and the way gluons contribute to this spectrum. The GlueX experiment, located at Jefferson Lab, features a linearly polarized tagged photon beam and its detector system is optimized to measure a wide range of neutral and charged final states. GlueX offers unique capabilities to study the spectrum of hadrons and is dedicated to the search for hybrid mesons, states with gluonic degrees of freedom. This talk presents first results from our initial campaign of data taking which finished in 2018.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Performance of the ICARUS Trigger System at the Booster and NuMI Neutrino Beams †

The ICARUS-T600 liquid argon time projection chamber detector takes data at a shallow depth as the far detector of the Short Baseline Neutrino program at Fermilab, searching for sterile neutrinos with the Booster and Main Injector neutrino beams. The ICARUS trigger system exploits the temporal coincidence of the beams with scintillation light signals detected by 360 photo-multiplier tubes in limited TPC regions. The trigger efficiency measurement leverages cosmic rays collected without any scintillation light requirement, with timing from an external cosmic ray tagger system. The efficiency measured with stopping muons roughly saturates at ∼300 MeV, covering most of the expected energy range of charged-current neutrino interactions. For the latest ICARUS physics runs, special “adder” boards performing the analog sum of light signals were introduced as a complementary trigger to possibly recover low-energy neutrino interactions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Towards a New μ→eγ Search with the MEG II Experiment: From Design to Commissioning

The MEG experiment represents the state of the art in the search for the Charged Lepton Flavour Violating μ + →e + γ decay. With its first phase of operations at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), MEG set the most stringent upper limit on the BR (μ + →e + γ) ≤ 4.2×10 –13 at 90% confidence level, imposing one of the tightest constraints on models predicting LFV-enhancements through new physics beyond the Standard Model. An upgrade of the MEG experiment, MEG II, was designed and it is presently in the commissioning phase, aiming at a sensitivity level of 6×10 –14 . The MEG II experiment relies on a series of upgrades, which include an improvement of the photon detector resolutions, brand new detectors on the positron side with better acceptance, efficiency and performances and new and optimized trigger and DAQ electronics to exploit a muon beam intensity twice as high as that of MEG (7×10 7 μ + /s). This paper presents a complete overview of the MEG II experimental apparatus and the current status of the detector commissioning in view of the physics data taking in the upcoming three years.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗