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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Vibrational Probe at the Electrochemical Interface: Dependence on Plasmon Coupling and Potential of the Lineshape in Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy

Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy of vibrational probes at an electrode surface shows promise for studying the structural dynamics at an active electrochemical interface. This interface is a complex environment where the solution structures in response to the applied potential. A strategy for achieving the necessary monolayer sensitivity is to use a plasmonically active electrode, which enhances the electromagnetic fields that produce the spectroscopic response. Here, in this study, we show how the coupling between the plasmon and the vibrations of the molecular monolayer impacts the FTIR and 2D IR spectroscopy, with an emphasis on the electrochemical potential difference spectra. We show how mixing between the vibrational and plasmonic states gives rise to the distortions that are observed in these measurements. This provides an important step toward 2D IR measurements of vibrational probes at the electrochemical interface as a tool for probing the structural dynamics in the double layer.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Redox active plant phenolic, acetosyringone, for electrogenetic signaling

Abstract Redox is a unique, programmable modality capable of bridging communication between biology and electronics. Previous studies have shown that the E. coli redox-responsive OxyRS regulon can be re-wired to accept electrochemically generated hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as an inducer of gene expression. Here we report that the redox-active phenolic plant signaling molecule acetosyringone (AS) can also induce gene expression from the OxyRS regulon. AS must be oxidized, however, as the reduced state present under normal conditions cannot induce gene expression. Thus, AS serves as a “pro-signaling molecule” that can be activated by its oxidation—in our case by application of oxidizing potential to an electrode. We show that the OxyRS regulon is not induced electrochemically if the imposed electrode potential is in the mid-physiological range. Electronically sliding the applied potential to either oxidative or reductive extremes induces this regulon but through different mechanisms: reduction of O 2 to form H 2 O 2 or oxidation of AS. Fundamentally, this work reinforces the emerging concept that redox signaling depends more on molecular activities than molecular structure. From an applications perspective, the creation of an electronically programmed “pro-signal” dramatically expands the toolbox for electronic control of biological responses in microbes, including in complex environments, cell-based materials, and biomanufacturing.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Damage initiation and evolution in Al-Si layered microstructures under shock loading conditions at atomic scales

Designing materials with microstructural features like multiphase interfaces have shown significant promise for usage in the next generation defense and nuclear applications. The dynamic response of these interfaces in extreme environments is observed to vary with the deformability of individual phases, which could subsequently alter the favored damage nucleation sites related to spall failure. Here, we investigate the role of spacing of interfaces in a nanocrystalline layered Aluminum-Silicon system on the shock wave propagation behavior, and microstructural and defect evolution using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations are carried out with different hypothetical Al/Si microstructures including variations in the distribution of Si grains as layers in a nanocrystalline Al matrix. The molecular dynamics simulations suggest that spall failure is preferentially initiated at Al/Si interfaces. In addition, for the same system volume and same concentration of Si, a higher number of layers is marked by an increase in shock wave velocity and reduced resistance to spall failure.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Interplay between LHCSR proteins and state transitions governs the NPQ response in Chlamydomonas during light fluctuations

Abstract Photosynthetic organisms use sunlight as the primary energy source to fix CO 2 . However, in nature, light energy is highly variable, reaching levels of saturation for periods ranging from milliseconds to hours. In the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , safe dissipation of excess light energy by nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is mediated by light‐harvesting complex stress‐related (LHCSR) proteins and redistribution of light‐harvesting antennae between the photosystems (state transition). Although each component underlying NPQ has been documented, their relative contributions to NPQ under fluctuating light conditions remain unknown. Here, by monitoring NPQ in intact cells throughout high light/dark cycles of various illumination periods, we find that the dynamics of NPQ depend on the timescales of light fluctuations. We show that LHCSRs play a major role during the light phases of light fluctuations and describe their role in growth under rapid light fluctuations. We further reveal an activation of NPQ during the dark phases of all high light/dark cycles and show that this phenomenon arises from state transition. Finally, we show that LHCSRs and state transition synergistically cooperate to enable NPQ response during light fluctuations. These results highlight the dynamic functioning of photoprotection under light fluctuations and open a new way to systematically characterize the photosynthetic response to an ever‐changing light environment.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

1989 Seattle Household Travel Survey Wave 1

The Puget Sound Transportation Panel was initiated in the fall of 1989. The Seattle Household Travel Survey Wave 1, conducted in 1989, was the first wave in a ten-part longitudinal panel survey initiated by the Puget Sound Regional Council to assess the travel patterns of households in the Puget Sound region of Washington state. The panel intended to serve three basic objectives: 1) to be a metropolitan “current population survey” to track changes in employment, work characteristics, household composition, and vehicle availability; 2) to monitor changes in travel behavior and responses to changes in the transportation environment; and 3) to examine changes in attitudes and values as they affect mode choice and travel behavior. This collection contains the first set of panel data for households in King, Kitsap, Pierce, and Snohomish counties. A total of 1,687 households successfully completed a phone survey and returned completed travel diaries for household members age 15 and older. Respondents were instructed to record their mode of transportation, trip purpose, number of vehicle passengers, departure and arrival times, ride fare, and parking costs in a two-day trip diary. Demographic information for this study includes age, gender, education, employment status, and household income.

1Hz data↗
DOE OSTI2025

SPRUCE Aboveground Vegetation Coverage in Root Ingrowth Core Plots, Marcell Experimental Forest, Minnesota, August 2022

This dataset contains vegetation survey measurements from root ingrowth core plots (Määttä et al. 2025) inside SPRUCE Experiment plots at the Marcell Experimental Forest in northern Minnesota. Vegetation surveys were conducted in 0.25 meter2 plots containing root ingrowth cores on August 8th and 9th, 2022 (2022-08-08 to 2022-08-09). The warming and elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) treatments in the dataset include the full treatment gradient: +0 degrees Celsius (C) (+0 and +500 parts per million (ppm) elevated CO2), +2.25 degrees C (+0 and +500 ppm), +4.5 degrees C (+0 and +500 ppm elevated CO2), +6.75 degrees C (+0 and +500 ppm) and +9 degrees C (+0 and +500 ppm elevated CO2) for both hummocks and hollows. This dataset includes measurements of the height and absolute coverage (%) for each vascular plant and moss species, as well as organic litter and dead overstory vascular plants, and the distance from the grid center to the nearest tree and the species of the nearest tree. These data were used as species-specific aboveground plant metadata for assessing the warming and elevated CO2 response of fine roots across different peatland microtopographical features (hummocks and hollows) and plant functional types (shrub, spruce and larch). This dataset contains one data file in comma separate (.csv) format. Additional metadata are provided: one data dictionary and a file-level metadata file in comma separate (.csv) format and a user guide in PDF (*.pdf) format.

ESS-DIVE CSV File Formatting Guidelines Reporting ↗
DOE OSTI2025

SPRUCE Measurements of Fine Root Production and Chemistry from Root Ingrowth Cores, Marcell Experimental Forest, Minnesota, 2022-2023

This dataset contains fine root production and tissue chemistry measurements from root ingrowth cores. Ingrowth cores were deployed in peat from June 28, 2022 to June 24, 2023 (2022-06-28 to 2023-06-24) inside SPRUCE Experiment plots at the Marcell Experimental Forest in northern Minnesota. The warming and elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) treatments in this dataset include +0 degrees Celsius (C) (+0 and +500 parts per million (ppm) elevated CO2), +4.5 degrees C (+0 and +500 ppm elevated CO2) and +9 degrees C (+0 and +500 ppm elevated CO2) for both hummocks and hollows, as well as +2.25 degrees C (+0 and +500 ppm) and +6.75 degrees C (+0 and +500 ppm) for hollows from minimum 10 cm depth from the peat surface. Measurements include root average diameter, root length, root biomass, and root tissue nitrogen (%N and δ15N) and carbon (%C and δ13C) concentration per plant functional type and microtopographical feature. Root length and biomass are standardized to 10 cm depth. These data were used to assess the warming and elevated CO2 response of fine roots across different peatland microtopographical features (hummocks and hollows) and plant functional types (shrub, spruce and larch). This dataset contains one data file in comma separate (.csv) format. Additional metadata are provided: one data dictionary and a file-level metadata file in comma separate (.csv) format and a user guide in PDF (*.pdf) format.

ESS-DIVE CSV File Formatting Guidelines Reporting ↗
DOE OSTI2026

SPRUCE Whole Ecosystem Warming (WEW) Environmental Data and Water Table Summaries, Marcell Experimental Forest, Minnesota, 2015-2024

This data set contains observations of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), precipitation, soil temperature, soil volumetric water content, air temperature, relative humidity, and normalized water table depth that are summarized on a daily, weekly, monthly, and annual basis for each of the SPRUCE plots. Observations span 2015-2024. This dataset draws on several datasets (Hanson et al. 2016; Hanson et al. 2020; and Warren, unpublished data) and compiles these environmental observations into useful formats for data analysis. These environmental metrics can be used to understand the environmental conditions inside SPRUCE environmental chambers throughout the durations of the experiment and can be paired with other data for modeling and analysis. R code used to generate these files is provided as part of the data package. This dataset contains four data files in comma separate (.csv) format and a compressed folder (*.zip) containing three R (*.r) scripts. Additional metadata are provided: one data dictionary and a file-level metadata file in comma separate (.csv) format and a user guide in PDF (*.pdf) format. User note: Users must cite the original dataset/s along with this dataset when publishing any analyses using this dataset. Details on the dataset used to compile each variable are available in the header row of the files and in the user guide.

air temperature↗
DOE OSTI2023

Shooter Alarm System Final Report FY23

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is developing a multiphysics sensor package for automatic live arms fire detection for use in schools, houses of worship, hospi tals, etc. The goal is to have a package the size of a common smoke or CO2 detector with a price point of $50 or less which may be deployed throughout the aforementioned facilities. The commercial device will detect live gun fire with low probability of false alarm and auto matically alert first responders. A prototype board with four accelerometers, two infrared (IR) and two microphones has been developed and deployed at two experiments at LLNL’s Small Firearms Training Facility (SFTF). The device successfully and consistently measured signals on the accelerometer and acoustic channels. IR responses were measured depending upon the environment and sound source.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

SPRUCE Plot-Level Water Table Data Assessments for Absolute Elevations and Height with Respect to Mean Hollows Beginning in 2015

This data set provides a record of the half-hourly automated water table depth data collected for 12 SPRUCE plots (4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, and 21) beginning during deep peat heating (DPH) in 2015 and continuing throughout the whole ecosystem warming (WEW) manipulations for the SPRUCE Project (Hanson et al. 2017). The data currently cover 2015-05-12 through 2024-12-31 and will be updated periodically throughout the duration of the SPRUCE project. Also provided are daily plot normalized data for water table depths with respect to mean hollow locations within each plot. The hollow referenced data provide the basis for the intercomparison of peat saturation or aeration across treatment plots. A limited data set for manual water table observations made periodically from 2015-2022 are also provided as a reference to the plot center automated observations. In August 2015, WEW was initiated at 5 warming levels (+0, +2. +4.5, +6.75 and +9 °C) with 2 plots per warming level. DPH measurements were underway before the initiation of WEW heating treatments and both are expected to operate through 2025. Elevated CO2 treatments were added in June 2016 (Enclosures 4, 10, 11, 16 and 19). All measurements were made at the 8.1-ha S1 bog forest site in northern Minnesota, 40 km north of Grand Rapids, in the USDA Forest Service Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF). This dataset contains three data files in comma separated (*.csv) format.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

SPRUCE Radiocarbon analyses quantify peat carbon losses with increasing temperature in a whole ecosystem warming experiment, 2014-2020

This data set contains three *.csv data files with measurements of organic and inorganic carbon fractions and radiocarbon fractions in peat porewater profiles. Measurements of carbon fractions from enclosure drainage outflows are also included. Porewater profiles were collected up to four times annually from 2014 to 2020 with a piezometer and outflow samples were collected up to eight times annually in 2016 and 2017. Porewater organic and inorganic fractions were measured using a Finnigan Mat Delta V Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer and a Shimadzu Total Organic Carbon. Radiocarbon analyses were conducted at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The peat soils were subjected to deep peat heating (DPH) beginning in June of 2014 followed by whole ecosystem warming (WEW) in August of 2015 (Hanson et al. 2017). The experimental work was conducted in a Picea mariana [black spruce] – Sphagnum spp. bog forest in northern Minnesota, 40 km north of Grand Rapids, in the USDA Forest Service Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF).These changes in these inorganic and organic carbon fractions in response to whole ecosystem warming may alter decomposition and microbial communities, as well as overall soil carbon storage.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

SPRUCE 13C-Phospholipid Fatty Acid (13C-PLFA) Abundances, June 2014-June 2015

This data set provides the results of 13C phospholipid fatty acid analysis (13C-PLFA) of peat samples collected from ambient and experimental plots in the SPRUCE experiment site. The samples used to generate this data set were collected just prior to initiation of deep peat heating (DPH; 03 June 2014), after 3 months (09 September 2014), and after 10 months (16 June 2015). This data set includes the abundances and delta-13C isotopic signatures of individual lipids and of groups of lipids indicating total biomass, fungi, Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, actinomycetes, and anaerobic bacteria. This dataset contains two files in comma separate (*.csv) format. Cores extending to 250 cm (200 cm in June 2015) were collected and subsampled at 10 cm intervals from 0 and 100 cm and 25 cm intervals below 100 cm depth. During the lipid extraction procedure, samples were pooled into the following depth increments in order to obtain sufficient material to achieve adequate lipid yield: 0-20, 20-50, 50-100, 100-150, 150-200, and 200-250cm.

actinomycetes↗
DOE OSTI2024

SPRUCE Xylem Native Embolism and Leaf Traits of Picea mariana and Larix laricina, 2019

This data set contains measurements of native embolism in branch xylem and associated branch and leaf traits from Picea mariana (Black Spruce) and Larix laricina (Tamarack) from September-October 2019 at the SPRUCE experiment (Hanson et al. 2017). Data are presented in one comma-separated (*.csv) file. Native embolism, a measurement of in-situ embolism in the xylem tissue that blocks water movement, measurements were conducted at the end of the growing season on cut branches using the hydraulic pipette method (see Peters et al. 2023 for full method). In short, branch segments were connected to hydraulic apprentice and flow rates of perfusion liquid were measured using graduated pipettes and stopwatch. After initial conductance measurements, branch segments were flushed using vacuum infiltration and hydraulic conductance was remeasured to calculate the percent loss in conductance due to embolism (PLC). Three branch segments (distal, middle, and proximal) were measured from each branch representing different diameters size classes. This dataset also contains leaf area associated with each measured branch segment, calculate leaf mass per area (LMA), sapwood specific conductivity (Ks), leaf area specific conductivity (Kl) and the sapwood area to leaf area ratio (Huber value). Measurements were made on mature trees from all ten treatment enclosures. One branch from each of five trees per species were used from each enclosure where available. Some plots do not contain five individual Larix laricina, in which case all available trees were sampled. All measurements were conducted in late September/early October 2019, at the end of growing season but before Larix laricina needle senescence. There are 10 experimental plots at SPRUCE: five temperature treatments (+0, +2.25, +4.5, +6.75, +9°C) at ambient CO2, and the same five temperature treatments at elevated CO2 (+500 ppm). These data were collected after the treatments had been running in full for three years, meaning much of the material measured was grown under treatment conditions.

Huber value↗
DOE OSTI2023

SPRUCE Ground Observations of Phenology in Experimental Plots, 2022

This data set consists of one comma separated (*.csv) file containing phenological transition dates, as derived from direct observations of vegetative and reproductive phenology recorded by a human observer, from the SPRUCE experiment during 2022 (2022-03-28 to 2021-11-17), the seventh full year of whole-ecosystem warming (Hanson et al. 2017). Both spring and autumn phenological events are included. Since April 2016, human observers have been directly tracking the phenology of both woody and herbaceous species on a weekly schedule within the SPRUCE experimental chambers, these data are reported in annual ground observations data sets (see Related Data Sets). The observed date reported here is the first survey date in 2022 on which an event/phenophase was definitively observed. This data set also contains a companion file in HTML (*.html) containing figures showing the relationship between the day of year and temperature treatment for different phenological phases by species for 2022.

SPRUCE experiment, plant phenological phases, Spru↗
DOE OSTI2023

SPRUCE Vegetation Phenology in Experimental Plots from Phenocam Imagery, 2015-2022

This data set consists of PhenoCam data from the SPRUCE experiment from the beginning of whole ecosystem warming (Hanson et al. 2017) in August 2015 through March 31 of 2023, with start- and end-of-season phenological transition dates derived through the end of autumn 2022. Digital cameras, or phenocams, installed in each SPRUCE enclosure track seasonal variation in vegetation “greenness”, a proxy for vegetation phenology and associated physiological activity. Three separate regions of interest (ROIs) were defined for each camera field of view, corresponding to different vegetation types and demarcating (1) Picea trees (vegetation type EN, for evergreen needleleaf); (2) Larix trees (vegetation type DN, for deciduous needleleaf); and (3) the mixed shrub layer (vegetation type SH). This data set consists of three sets of data files: 3-day summary product files: One file for each camera and each ROI (i.e. vegetation type), characterizing vegetation color at a 3-day time step Contains 35 files in *.csv format inside a compressed (*.zip) file. Transition date file: Estimates “greenness rising” (spring) and “greenness falling” (autumn) transition dates derived from the smoothed daily green chromatic coordinate (GCC) values, for each camera and each ROI (i.e. vegetation type) Contains one file in *.csv format Snow flag files: Indicate days with snow on trees or snow on ground for each experimental enclosure Contains two files in *.csv format, one for snow on trees and one for snow on ground This data set consists of two sets of companion files: Accompanying HTML files show the 90th quantiles of the mean GCC plotted together with transition dates for each vegetation type and plot. Contains three files in HTML format, one for each vegetation type One additional file in HTML format with the transition dates plotted for each vegetation type, by year R files for processing Phenocam files and flags. Contains five files in R file (*.R) format in one compressed (*.zip) file User Note: All imagery is posted in near-real time to the PhenoCam Project web page (http://phenocam.sr.unh.edu/), where it is publicly available. Scroll to “spruce” in the Gallery or link directly to the 29 SPRUCE cameras at https://tinyurl.com/y7z5mau7. The data reported here are based on the complete camera record from SPRUCE and supersedes the previously released phenocam datasets (see Related Data Sets). The estimated transition dates for previously released datasets may differ slightly (in most cases, by ±3 days or less), because following standard PhenoCam processing protocols (Richardson et al. 2018, Scientific Data), smoothing and interpolation, outlier removal, and transition date estimation are always conducted using the full data record.

SPRUCE Experiment, Marcell Experimental Forest, Sp↗
DOE OSTI2024

Chloroform Fumigation Extraction for Microbial Biomass and Dissolved Organic Carbon from SPRUCE, Marcell Experimental Forest, Minnesota, 2021, 2022, and 2024

This data set provides the results for chloroform fumigation extraction (CFE) of peat samples collected from ambient and experimental plots in the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Environmental Change (SPRUCE) Experiment site in June and August of 2021, June of 2022, and June, August, and October of 2024. The SPRUCE Experiment site is in the Marcell Experimental Forest in northern Minnesota, USA. The data set includes values for microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved nitrogen (DN), moisture content (MC, available for 2021 and 2022 only) and gravimetric water content (GWC) at 11 depth increments of two-meter peat cores taken from 12 sampling sites at SPRUCE (10 temperature treatment enclosures, 2 ambient temperature treatment enclosures). The sample analysis followed standard methods. The samples were analyzed using a Shimadzu Total Organic Carbon/Nitrogen (TOC/N) analyzer (TOC-V and TOC-L; 2021-2022) or an Elementar vario TOC Cube (2024), liquid catalytic oxidation combustion analyzers for total carbon and nitrogen analysis. This dataset contains two data files in comma separate (.csv) format. Additional metadata are provided: two data dictionaries and a file-level metadata file in comma separate (.csv) format and a user guide in PDF (*.pdf) format.

dissolved nitrogen↗
DOE OSTI2024

SPRUCE Quantitative PCR (qPCR) of Microbial Gene Copy Numbers, 2021-2022

This dataset provides the results for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of peat samples collected from ambient and experimental plots in the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Climatic and Environmental Change (SPRUCE) experiment site in June and August of 2021, and June of 2022. SPRUCE is located within the Marcell Experimental Forest in northern Minnesota, USA. The dataset includes bacterial, archaeal, fungal gene copy numbers, along with corresponding logarithmic values, at 11 depth increments of two-meter deep peat cores taken from 12 sampling sites locations inside SPRUCE plots (10 chambered and 2 ambient plots). The sampling, sample prep and analysis followed standard methods outlined in prior publications (Wilson et al. 2016; Kluber et al. 2020) except that a higher yielding Omega Bio-Tek Mag-Bind Environmental DNA 96 Kit was used for extractions and DNA was quantified using Qubit dsDNA High Sensitivity Assay Kit. qPCR subsamples of peat cores from the SPRUCE plots characterize changes in the abundance and composition of microbial communities of peat seasonally showing how composition varies under multiple levels of experimental peat warming and atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This dataset contains one data file in comma-separated values (.csv) format. Additional metadata are provided: one data dictionary and a file-level metadata file in comma-separated values (.csv) format and a user guide in PDF (*.pdf) format. On 2026-07-07 this dataset was updated to add three columns to the data file: ‘Fungal_copy_dry’, ‘Log_fungal_copy_dry’, ‘Fungal_copy_wet’. No previously released data values were altered. Additionally, the abstract, data dictionary, and user guide were updated, and a file-level metadata file was added.

Archaea↗