Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “hydrodynamic loads”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1978

Effect of geometry on hydrodynamic film thickness

The influence of geometry on the isothermal hydrodynamic film separating two rigid solids was investigated. Pressure-viscosity effects were not considered. The minimum film thickness is derived for fully flooded conjunctions by using the Reynolds conditions. It was found that the minimum film thickness had the same speed, viscosity, and load dependence as Kapitza's classical solution. However, the incorporation of Reynolds boundary conditions resulted in an additional geometry effect. Solutions using the parabolic film approximation are compared with those using the exact expression for the film in the analysis. Contour plots are shown that indicate in detail the pressure developed between the solids.

Brewe, D. E.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Cometary MHD and chemistry

An MHD and chemical comet-coma model was developed, applying the computer program of Huebner (1985) for the detailed chemical evolution of a spherically expanding coma and the program of Schmidt and Wegman (1982) and Wegman (1987) for the MHD flow of plasma and magnetic field in a comet to the Giotto-mission data on the ion abundances measured by the HIS ion mass spectrometer. The physics and chemistry of the coma are modeled in great detail, including photoprocesses, gas-phase chemical kinetics, energy balance with a separate electron temperature, multifluid hydrodynamics with a transition to free molecular flow, fast-streaming atomic and molecular hydrogen, counter and cross streaming of the ionized species relative to the neutral species in the coma-solar wind interaction region with momentum exchange by elastic collisions, mass-loading through ion pick-up, and Lorentz forces of the advected magnetic field. The results, both inside and outside of the contact surface, are discussed and compared with the relevant HIS ion mass spectra.

Wegmann, R.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Simulation of dislocation evolution in microparticle impacts over a wide range of impact velocities

We report the dynamic loading environment created by high velocity microparticle impacts is very difficult to model. The extremely high strain rates, large deformations, and high temperatures affect the flow stress of the material in ways that standard flow stress models cannot capture. Plastic deformation and strain hardening in metals is controlled by the motion of dislocations. Dislocations can be nucleated, stored as forest dislocations, or be annihilated as loading progresses. A comprehensive accounting of dislocation density change is needed to accurately describe rate and temperature dependent dislocation glide and evolution across the wide rage of loading conditions present in microparticle impact problems. Therefore, we implement and apply a newly proposed flow stress model (Hunter and Preston, 2015, 2022) that is then coupled with mobile and immobile dislocation density evolution equations. This model is implemented in Los Alamos National Laboratory’s hydrodynamics code, FLAG, to model copper-on-copper microparticle impacts. This new strength model allows for accurate simulation of particle rebound and flattening across a wide range of impact velocities.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1978

Effect of geometry on hydrodynamic film thickness

The influence of geometry on the isothermal hydrodynamic film separating two rigid solids was investigated. Pressure-viscosity effects were not considered. The minimum film thickness is derived for fully flooded conjunctions by using the Reynolds boundary conditions. It was found that the minimum film thickness had the same speed, viscosity, and load dependence as Kapitza's classical solution. However, the incorporation of Reynolds boundary conditions resulted in an additional geometry effect. Solutions using the parabolic film approximation are compared with those using the exact expression for the film in the analysis. Contour plots are shown that indicate in detail the pressure developed between the solids.

Brewe, D. E.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Wind/Wave Testing of a 1:70-Scale Performance-Matched Model of the IEA Wind 15 MW Reference Wind Turbine with Real-Time ROSCO Control and Floating Feedback

Experimental results from the Floating Offshore-wind and Controls Advanced Laboratory (FOCAL) experimental program, which tested a performance-matched model of the IEA Wind 15 MW Reference Turbine on a 1:70 scale floating semisubmersible platform, are compared with OpenFAST simulations. Four experimental campaigns were performed, and data from the fourth campaign, which focused on wind and wave testing of the scaled floating wind turbine system, are considered. Simulations of wave-only, wind-only, and wind/wave environments are performed in OpenFAST, and results for key metrics are compared with the experiment. Performance of the real-time Reference OpenSource COntroller (ROSCO) in above-rated wind conditions, including the effects of the floating feedback loop, are investigated. Results show good agreement in mean values for key metrics, and hydrodynamic effects are matched well. Differences in the surge resonant behavior of the platform are identified and discussed. The effect of the controller and floating feedback loop is evident in both the experiment and OpenFAST, showing significant reduction in platform pitch response and tower base bending load near the platform pitch natural frequency.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1976

Impact of composite plates: Analysis of stresses and forces

The foreign object damage resistance of composite fan blades was studied. Edge impact stresses in an anisotropic plate were first calculated incorporating a constrained layer damping model. It is shown that a very thin damping layer can dramatically decrease the maximum normal impact stresses. A multilayer model of a composite plate is then presented which allows computation of the interlaminar normal and shear stresses. Results are presented for the stresses due to a line impact load normal to the plane of a composite plate. It is shown that significant interlaminar tensile stresses can develop during impact. A computer code was developed for this problem using the fast Fourier transform. A marker and cell computer code were also used to investigate the hydrodynamic impact of a fluid slug against a wall or turbine blade. Application of fluid modeling of bird impact is reviewed.

Moon, F. C.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Bichromatic Wave Selection for Validation of the Difference-Frequency Transfer Function for the OC6 Validation Campaign: Preprint

The focus of the Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration, Continuation, with Correlation and unCertainity (OC6) project, which operates under the International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind Task 30, is to refine the accuracy of engineering tools used to design offshore wind turbines. In support of this work, a new validation campaign is being developed that seeks to better understand the nonlinear wave loading that excites floating wind systems at their low-frequency, rigid-body modes in surge and pitch. The validation data will be used in a three-way validation between simplified engineering tools and higher-fidelity tools, such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Irregular wave spectrums, which are traditionally used to examine the nonlinear wave interaction with offshore structures, are too computationally expensive to be simulated in CFD tools, and so bichromatic wave cases will be used instead. This paper reviews the process used to choose the bichromatic wave pairs to be used in the campaign to validate the second-order difference-frequency quadratic and potential loads at the surge and pitch natural frequencies of a floating semisubmersible.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1982

Geometry and starvation effects in hydrodynamic lubrication

Numerical methods were used to detemine the effects of lubricant starvation on the minimum film thickness under conditions of a hydrodynamic point contact. Starvation was effected by varying the fluid inlet level. The Reynolds boundary conditions were applied at the cavitation boundary and zero pressure was stipulated at the meniscus or inlet boundary. A minimum film thickness equation as a function of both the ratio of dimensionless load to dimensionless speed and inlet supply level was determined. By comparing the film generated under the starved inlet condition with the film generated from the fully flooded inlet, an expression for the film reduction factor was obtained. Based on this factor a starvation threshold was defined as well as a critically starved inlet. The changes in the inlet pressure buildup due to changing the available lubricant supply are presented in the form of three dimensional isometric plots and also in the form of contour plots.

Brewe, D.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Analysis of starvation effects on hydrodynamic lubrication in nonconforming contacts

Numerical methods were used to determine the effects of lubricant starvation on the minimum film thickness under conditions of a hydrodynamic point contact. Starvation was effected by varying the fluid inlet level. The Reynolds boundary conditions were applied at the cavitation boundary and zero pressure was stipulated at the meniscus or inlet boundary. A minimum-fill-thickness equation as a function of both the ratio of dimensionless load to dimensionless speed and inlet supply level was determined. By comparing the film generated under the starved inlet condition with the film generated from the fully flooded inlet, an expression for the film reduction factor was obtained. Based on this factor a starvation threshold was defined as well as a critically starved inlet. The changes in the inlet pressure buildup due to changing the available lubricant supply are presented in the form of three dimensional isometric plots and also in the form of contour plots.

Brewe, D. E.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Geometry and starvation effects in hydrodynamic lubrication

Numerical methods were used to determine the effects of lubricant starvation on the minimum film thickness under conditions of a hydrodynamic point contact. Starvation was effected by varying the fluid inlet level. The Reynolds boundary conditions were applied at the cavitation boundary and zero pressure was stipulated at the meniscus or inlet boundary. A minimum-film-thickness equation as a function of both the ratio of dimensionless load to dimensionless speed and inlet supply level was determined. By comparing the film generated under the starved inlet condition with the film generated from the fully flooded inlet, an expression for the film reduction factor was obtained. Based on this factor a starvation threshold was defined as well as a critically starved inlet. The changes in the inlet pressure buildup due to changing the available lubricant supply are presented in the form of three dimensional isometric plots and also in the form of contour plots.

Brewe, D. E.↗
NASA NTRS1938

Hydrodynamic and Aerodynamic Tests of Models of Flying-boat Hulls Designed Flow Aerodynamic Drag - NACA Models 74, 74-A, and 75

The present tests illustrate how the aerodynamic drag of a flying boat hull may be reduced by following closely the form of a low drag aerodynamic body and the manner in which the extent of the aerodynamic refinement is limited by poorer hydrodynamic performance. This limit is not sharply defined but is first evidenced by an abnormal flow of water over certain parts of the form accompanied by a sharp increase in resistance. In the case of models 74-A and 75, the resistance (sticking) occurs only at certain combinations of speed, load, and trim and can be avoided by proper control of the trim at high water speeds. Model 75 has higher water resistance at very high speeds than does model 74-A. With constant speed propellers and high takeoff speeds, it appears that the form of model 75 would give slightly better takeoff performance. Model 74-A, however, has lower aerodynamic drag than does model 75 for the same volume of hull.

Truscott, Starr↗
NASA NTRS1991

The application of differential roughness to mitigate friction and wear

By definition, differential roughness occurs where the surface roughness of one region is distinctly different from that of an adjacent region. Differential roughness may occur on a sliding surface when the structure of an area of the surface is modified relative to the original material. Differential roughness may be used to effect a film thickness change so as to cause hydrodynamic or hydrostatic lubrication effects just as if the surfaces were machined. The advantage of differential roughness is that the effective offset of film thickness continues to exist even if there is gross wear. One can effect film thickness changes which are smaller than can be made directly. Furthermore, asperity tip load support is the same over both the high roughness and small roughness regions. The potential uses for differential roughness are seals, bearings, and pumps. Some examples are presented.

Lebeck, Alan O.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Heat pipe development

The objective of this program was to investigate analytically and experimentally the performance of heat pipes with composite wicks--specifically, those having pedestal arteries and screwthread circumferential grooves. An analytical model was developed to describe the effects of screwthreads and screen secondary wicks on the transport capability of the artery. The model describes the hydrodynamics of the circumferential flow in triangular grooves with azimuthally varying capillary menisci and liquid cross-sections. Normalized results were obtained which give the influence of evaporator heat flux on the axial heat transport capability of the arterial wick. In order to evaluate the priming behavior of composite wicks under actual load conditions, an 'inverted' glass heat pipe was designed and constructed. The results obtained from the analysis and from the tests with the glass heat pipe were applied to the OAO-C Level 5 heat pipe, and an improved correlation between predicted and measured evaporator and transport performance were obtained.

Bienart, W. B.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Optimization of Fairing Geometry for ORPC Modular RivGen Power System: Cooperative Research and Development (Final Report)

The work will optimize the hydrodynamic performance and flow augmentation of Ocean Renewable Power Company's (ORPC) modular fairing for their cross-flow marine hydrokinetic (MHK) turbine, using a computational fluid dynamics study. The influence of the fairing cross-sectional shape and rotor-fairing spacing will be assessed, to maximize power production and minimize structural loads.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
NASA NTRS1974

The Design of Pumpjets for Hydrodynamic Propulsion

A procedure for use in the design of a wake adapted pumpjet mounted on the aft end of a body of revolution is presented. To this end, a pumpjet is designed for the Akron airship. The propulsor mass flow is selected to minimize kinetic energy losses through the duct and in the discharge jet. The shaft speed and disk size are selected to satisfy specified limits of cavitation performance and to provide acceptable blade loading. The streamtubes which pass through a propulsor mounted on a tapered afterbody follow essentially conical surfaces. A method is provided for defining these surfaces as a function of shroud geometry, rotor head distribution, and the energy distribution of the ingested mass flow. The three-dimensional effects to which the conical flow subjects the cylindrical blade design sections are described and a technique is presented which permits incorporation of these effects in the blade design procedure.

Bruce, E. P.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Numerical Investigation of a Small Low-Flow Marine Hydrokinetic (MHK) Turbine for Small Autonomous Unmanned Mobile Recharge Stations (CRADA Final Report)

This project will improve the hydrodynamic performance of the undershot waterwheel turbine with a flow concentrator designed by the Participant, using a computational fluid dynamics study. The influence of different result parameters including the number of blades, turbine profile, submerged depth, tip speed ratio, concentrator geometry and wave + current conditions will be assessed to maximize power performance and minimize structural loads.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
NASA NTRS1999

A Global Ocean Tide Model From TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimetry: GOT99.2

Goddard Ocean Tide model GOT99.2 is a new solution for the amplitudes and phases of the global oceanic tides, based on over six years of sea-surface height measurements by the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite altimeter. Comparison with deep-ocean tide-gauge measurements show that this new tidal solution is an improvement over previous global models, with accuracies for the main semidiurnal lunar constituent M2 now below 1.5 cm (deep water only). The new solution benefits from use of prior hydrodynamic models, several in shallow and inland seas as well as the global finite-element model FES94.1. This report describes some of the data processing details involved in handling the altimetry, and it provides a comprehensive set of global cotidal charts of the resulting solutions. Various derived tidal charts are also provided, including tidal loading deformation charts, tidal gravimetric charts, and tidal current velocity (or transport) charts. Finally, low-degree spherical harmonic coefficients are computed by numerical quadrature and are tabulated for the major short-period tides; these are useful for a variety of geodetic and geophysical purposes, especially in combination with similar estimates from satellite laser ranging.

Ray, Richard D.↗
NASA NTRS1984

The multiple modes of interaction of the solar wind with a comet as it approaches the sun

A quasi-steady one-dimensional hydrodynamic model is used to study the various modes of interaction between the solar wind and a medium-bright water-dominated comet approaching the sun. It is found through a series of calculations that at large heliocentric distances (greater than 5 AU) the solar wind penetrates to the surface of the comet. As mass loading reaches a critical value, a standing shock wave is created in the solar wind upstream from the cometary nucleus, and as distance decreases, the cometary atmosphere becomes dense enough to stand off the solar wind ahead of the nuclear surface. It is shown that the present scenario of solar wind/comet interaction is qualitatively valid for comets with different sizes, chemical compositions and optical properties.

Mendis, D. A.↗