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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

A 20-kW DC Oak Ridge Converter with Integrated AC & DC Sources for Grid Services and Energy Storage Systems

This paper proposes a wireless power transfer (WPT) platform with integrated energy conversion that has the capability for 1) recharging the energy storage systems (ESSs) from the grid systems, including renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, etc., 2) off grid systems recharging the ESSs from dc grid systems, 3) grid recharging of electric vehicles (EVs), and 4) off grid recharging of EVs from ESSs. The unique aspect of the method is the use of multi-interface power electronic converter for the grid and ESSs and EVs that can support a range of applications with ac / dc and dc / dc energy conversion ability in a single converter system. The key enabling technology to achieve these functionalities is Oak Ridge Converter (ORC) with polyphase coupler coil system both developed at ORNL. This new technology enables higher power density WPT systems while allowing the coils to interface from ac grid at 60 Hz frequency or dc source directly merging with 85 kHz operating frequency of switching component. The experimental results of the proposed system are presented for 20 kW output power with the system overall efficiency around 95.4% from dc source and 93% overall efficiency from ac grid achieving 9-10% current total harmonic distortion (THD) and 0.98-0.99 power factor (PF).

Asa, Erdem↗
DOE OSTI2025

Ocean Wave Energy Harvester with Oak Ridge Converter

Oceans can provide great potential for the American energy dominance. There is significant potential to utilize marine energy resources. In the United States, the total amount of marine energy available is equivalent to about 57% of the country's total power generation in 2019. Even if a fraction of this technical potential is harnessed, marine energy technologies could play a crucial role in fulfilling the nation's energy requirements. Marine energy resources are spread out geographically, and because more than 50% of the United States' population resides within 50 miles of the coastline, they are well-positioned to power local communities. These resources are also very dependable, making them a viable option for contributing to a consistent, trustworthy energy grid. Due to their predictable daily and seasonal patterns, marine energy resources can be integrated into our energy generation portfolio. On the other hand, ocean environment presents many challenges for cost-effective renewable energy conversion, including optimal control of ocean wave energy. This report presents a novel cost-effective energy conversion technique for ocean wave energy harvesters. The proposed system is simulated by using the Oak Ridge Converter to directly interface ocean wave energy source with the utility grid. The system description and simulation results are presented in detail. The results show that the proposed system is a cost effective and promising technology to reduce the infrastructure cost for ocean wave energy harvesters.

Sutton, Elizabeth [ORNL] (ORCID:0009000078885935)↗
DOE OSTI2020

Face Recognition Oak Ridge (FaRO): A Framework for Distributed and Scalable Biometrics Applications

The facial biometrics community has seen a recent abundance of high-accuracy facial analytic models become freely available. Although these models' capabilities in facial detection, landmark detection, attribute analysis, and recognition are ever-increasing, they aren't always straightforward to deploy in a real-world environment. In reality, the use of the field's ever growing collection of models is becoming exceedingly difficult as library dependencies update and deprecate. Researchers often encounter headaches when attempting to utilize multiple models requiring different or conflicting software packages. Face Recognition Oak Ridge (FaRO) is an open-source project designed to provide a highly modular, flexible framework for unifying facial analytic models through a compartmentalized plug-and-play paradigm built on top of the gRPC (Google Remote Procedure Call) protocol. FaRO's server-client architecture and flexible portability allows easy construction of modularized and heterogeneous face analysis pipelines, distributed over many machines with differing hardware and software resources. This paper outlines FaRO's architecture and current capabilities, along with some experiments in model testing and distributed scaling through FaRO.

Bolme, David↗
DOE OSTI2022

Quantum Networking and Communications at Oak Ridge National Laboratory

In this article we review recent and ongoing research in quantum communications and networking within the Quantum Information Science Section at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Our research spans applications such as quantum key distribution as well as more fundamental aspects needed to develop scalable quantum networks including quantum repeaters and space-based quantum communications platforms.

Peters, Nicholas↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Novel Three Phase Oak Ridge DC / AC Converter for Wireless Grid Tied Applications

In this study, a novel three phase oak ridge dc to ac converter is introduced for wireless mobility energy storage (WMES) applications to support the grid demand during peak times. The proposed topology can be used in a bi-directional operation between ac grid and dc terminals of energy storage by accomplishing unity power factor. Inherent merit of the technology can directly merge dc input to the high frequency and 60 Hz grid frequency by superimposing through the wireless coils. Theoretical and simulation results are validated by the simulation analysis for 20 kW output power. The functionality of the proposed three phase system is established by using 6 inches air gap between the couplers with the input of 675 V DC and output of 277 V AC, RMS . The system overall design analysis is demonstrated for simulation analysis and simulation results are presented achieving 3% current total harmonic distortion (THD) and 0.99 power factor (PF) at full load 20 kW wireless power transfer.

Asa, Erdem↗
DOE OSTI2022

Research Software Engineering at Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Research software engineers (RSE) play a vital role in scientific discoveries worldwide. They lead the core development of the applications, libraries, and tools that enable today’s supercomputers to process the vast volumes of data generated from the world’s most extensive and complicated scientific instruments and facilities. This article describes the mission, culture, and practices of RSE teams at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), including their team dynamics and composition, work ethics, standard practices, and ever-evolving skill sets vital to pursuing scientific innovations and implementing novel ideas. We describe the lessons learned from specific activities that contribute to shaping the identity and growth of RSE roles at ORNL. Lastly, we provide our view for the near future on effective strategies for establishing, leading, and nurturing RSE teams and building a thriving community in collaboration with science stakeholders.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

ORBIT: Oak Ridge Base Foundation Model for Earth System Predictability

Earth system predictability is challenged by the complexity of environmental dynamics and the multitude of variables involved. Current AI foundation models, although advanced by leveraging large and heterogeneous data, are often constrained by their size and data integration, limiting their effectiveness in addressing the full range of Earth system prediction challenges. To overcome these limitations, we introduce the Oak Ridge Base Foundation Model for Earth System Predictability (ORBIT), an advanced vision transformer model that scales up to 113 billion parameters using a novel hybrid tensor-data orthogonal parallelism technique. As the largest model of its kind, ORBIT surpasses the current climate AI foundation model size by a thousandfold. Performance scaling tests conducted on the Frontier supercomputer have demonstrated that ORBIT achieves 684 petaFLOPS to 1.6 exaFLOPS sustained throughput, with scaling efficiency maintained at 41% to 85% across 49,152 AMD GPUs. These breakthroughs establish new advances in AI-driven climate modeling and demonstrate promise to significantly improve the Earth system predictability.

Wang, Xiao↗
DOE OSTI2024

History of Pu-238 Production Restart Efforts at Idaho National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory

In the early 2010s, efforts to restart production in the U.S. of plutonium-238 heat source (HSPu) material for NASA deep space missions were initiated. Processes, procedures, hardware, and chemical separations were developed and implemented to enable the production of heat source material at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Idaho National Laboratory (INL). Here, this review provides an overview of the timeline and efforts associated with the restart of production, as well as upcoming efforts to increase production.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Gas hydrate quantification in Walker Ridge block 313, Gulf of Mexico, from full-waveform inversion of ocean-bottom seismic data

The Gulf of Mexico (GOM) Joint Industry Project Leg 2 logging-while-drilling data in Walker Ridge lease block 313 (WR313) in the GOM detected gas hydrate in coarse- and fine-grained sediments at sites WR313-G and WR313-H. The coarse-grained units are thin ([Formula: see text]) and highly saturated, whereas the fine-grained unit is thick (approximately 200 m) with low saturation and fracture-filling gas hydrate. Unlike its coarse-grained counterpart, the seismic character of the fine-grained unit does not clearly indicate the presence of gas hydrate, which would likely have remained undiscovered in the absence of drilling. In this paper, through frequency-domain acoustic full-waveform inversion (FWI) of ocean-bottom seismometer data along a 2D multichannel seismic transect near sites WR313-G and WR313-H, we detect and quantify gas hydrate in the fine-grained unit. Key results are as follows: First, the base of the gas hydrate stability zone, which is not obvious in the reflection profile, can be discerned in the FWI results. Second, the gas hydrate in the fine-grained unit is mainly confined to the area between two sets of opposite-dipping normal faults implying that the fault architecture may be partially responsible for this gas hydrate accumulation and distribution.

Geochemistry & Geophysics↗
DOE OSTI2020

Oak Ridge Spoofing and Interference Test Battery (OAKBAT) - GPS

This dataset contains the RF data recordings for the GPS L1C/A only OAKBAT scenarios. The files are binary data in the format described in the paper: Albright, A., Powers, S. Bonior, J., and Combs, F., 'A Tool for Furthering GNSS Security Research: The Oak Ridge Spoofing and Interference Test Battery (OAKBAT),' in Proceedings of ION GNSS+ 2020, 2020. The metadata, equipment documentation and configuration files, collection procedures and more materials that allow the independent reproduction of the OAKBAT data are https://github.com/oakbat/. Additionally, this site includes a complete listing of all the RF data files, not just this series, available as part of OAKBAT.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Oak Ridge Spoofing and Interference Test Battery (OAKBAT) - Galileo

This dataset contains the RF data recordings for the Galileo E1 only OAKBAT scenarios. The files are binary data in the format described in the paper: Albright, A., Powers, S. Bonior, J., and Combs, F., 'A Tool for Furthering GNSS Security Research: The Oak Ridge Spoofing and Interference Test Battery (OAKBAT),' in Proceedings of ION GNSS+ 2020, 2020. The metadata, equipment documentation and configuration files, collection procedures and more materials that allow the independent reproduction of the OAKBAT data are https://github.com/oakbat/. Additionally, this site includes a complete listing of all the RF data files, not just this series, available as part of OAKBAT.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Oak Ridge Spoofing and Interference Test Battery (OAKBAT) - Pure Tones

This dataset contains the pure 1.57542 GHz (L1) pure tone recordings provided to allow characterization of the recording equipment used to digitize the OAKBAT scenarios. The equipment includes the cable, two LNAs, and the software-defined radio. The files are binary data in the format described in the paper: Albright, A., Powers, S. Bonior, J., and Combs, F., A Tool for Furthering GNSS Security Research: The Oak Ridge Spoofing and Interference Test Battery (OAKBAT), in Proceedings of ION GNSS+ 2020, 2020. The metadata, equipment documentation and configuration files, collection procedures and more materials that allow the independent reproduction of the OAKBAT data are https://github.com/oakbat/. Additionally, this site includes a complete listing of all the RF data files, not just this series, available as part of OAKBAT.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Evaluation of Oak Ridge National Laboratory Health Physics Research Reactor Operation Data for Critical Benchmark Creation

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR) was a research reactor designed and built at ORNL in 1961. The critical assembly used a highly enriched uranium and molybdenum alloy as the fuel and could be operated in steady-state or burst modes. The HPRR has recently been the object of an investigation to create a criticality benchmark. Such benchmarks are very important, as they are used primarily to show the accuracy of newly developed modeling codes and to help experimental validation and reactor licensing. The evaluated experiments considered in this paper were carried out between 1974 and 1986 from various HPRR activities such as steady-state subcritical, steady-state critical, and burst prompt super-critical operations of the reactor for dosimetry, irradiation, or training purposes. By using the HPRR experimental logbook information and the as-built drawings of the critical assembly, a highly detailed model of the HPRR was created with SCALE 6.2.4/KENO-VI, and a first version of a critical benchmark of the HPRR was developed following the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) guidelines for thorough description and uncertainty/sensitivity quantification. Unfortunately, in most of the evaluated experiments, the obtained difference between calculated and experimental k eff is around 1,000 pcm, corresponding to a relative error of approximately 1%, beyond the quality standards of the ICSBEP recommending a relative error below 0.1%. Moreover, the derived experimental uncertainty is high, around 4% relative, mainly due to the U-Mo fuel density uncertainty, but also from numerous other factors. For these reasons, the creation of a valuable critical benchmark from HPRR operation data is thus far compromised. In this paper, the different steps of the experiments’ evaluation are summarized, and the reasons for the experimental/calculation discrepancies and potential ways to solve them are explored. This paper also aims to remind us always to exercise considerable care when performing experimental work, and to record all the data possible for potential future uses.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Overview and Current Status of Neutron Imaging at Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Neutron imaging is a non-destructive technique used to study the internal structure and composition of a wide range of materials. At Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), there are two neutron imaging beamlines that provide complementary capabilities that serve a diverse community, from materials science and engineering to biomedical and plant sciences. This report provides an overview of the current ORNL imaging capabilities that support materials research for a broad user community.

Torres, James [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000289407610)↗
DOE OSTI2020

Production of Cf-252 and other transplutonium isotopes at Oak Ridge National Laboratory

In 1957 Glenn T. Seaborg conceived and advocated for the construction of the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and the Transuranium Processing Plant (since then renamed the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center, or REDC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. There, heavily shielded hot cells, glove boxes, and laboratories allow recovery of transuranium elements produced in substantial quantities. Seaborg’s vision of HFIR and REDC producing milligram quantities of berkelium, californium, and einsteinium has been fulfilled beginning in 1966 through May 2019 with 78 production campaigns yielding a cumulative totals of 1.2 g of 249 Bk, 10.2 g of 252 Cf, 39 mg of 253 Es, and 15 pg of 257 Fm. Notably, 252 Cf is a neutron source used in many industrial applications including oil exploration; process control systems for the cement industry, coal analysis, and power production; sources to start nuclear reactors and perform nondestructive materials analyses; homeland security and national defense detection devices; and medical research. Isotopes made available through transplutonium production at HFIR/REDC have enabled scientists to study the nuclear properties and reactions, chemical properties, optical properties, and solid-state properties of transplutonium elements. Long-lived isotopes have served as targets in heavy ion accelerators to produce heavier elements leading to the discovery of 104 Rf, 105 Db, 106 Sg, 113 Nh, 114 Fl, 115 Mc, 116 Lv, 117 Ts, and 118 Og. This paper reviews the evolution of the processing flowsheets to produce, separate, and purify transplutonium isotopes, which have evolved over 50 years of operation at HFIR and REDC, and summarizes directions of future work to improve the efficiency of the production operations.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2021

Geospatial Data from the Alpine Treeline Warming Experiment (ATWE) on Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA

This is a collection of all GPS- and computer-generated geospatial data specific to the Alpine Treeline Warming Experiment (ATWE), located on Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA. The experiment ran between 2008 and 2016, and consisted of three sites spread across an elevation gradient. Geospatial data for all three experimental sites and cone/seed collection locations are included in this package. –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Geospatial files include cone collection, experimental site, seed trap, and other GPS location/terrain data. File types include ESRI shapefiles, ESRI grid files or Arc/Info binary grids, TIFFs (.tif), and keyhole markup language (.kml) files. Trimble-imported data include plain text files (.txt), Trimble COR (CorelDRAW) files, and Trimble SSF (Standard Storage Format) files. Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) and comma-separated values (.csv) files corresponding to the attribute tables of many files within this package are also included. A complete list of files can be found in this document in the “Data File Organization” section in the included Data User's Guide. Maps are also included in this data package for reference and use. These maps are separated into two categories, 2021 maps and legacy maps, which were made in 2010. Each 2021 map has one copy in portable network graphics (.png) format, and the other in .pdf format. All legacy maps are in .pdf format. .png image files can be opened with any compatible programs, such as Preview (Mac OS) and Photos (Windows). All GIS files were imported into geopackages (.gpkg) using QGIS, and double-checked for compatibility and data/attribute integrity using ESRI ArcGIS Pro. Note that files packaged within geopackages will open in ArcGIS Pro with “main.” preceding each file name, and an extra column named “geom” defining geometry type in the attribute table. The contents of each geospatial file remain intact, unless otherwise stated in “niwot_geospatial_data_list_07012021.pdf/.xlsx”. This list of files can be found as an .xlsx and a .pdf in this archive.As an open-source file format, files within gpkgs (TIFF, shapefiles, ESRI grid or “Arc/Info Binary”) can be read using both QGIS and ArcGIS Pro, and any other geospatial softwares. Text and .csv files can be read using TextEdit/Notepad/any simple text-editing software; .csv’s can also be opened using Microsoft Excel and R. .kml files can be opened using Google Maps or Google Earth, and Trimble files are most compatible with Trimble’s GPS Pathfinder Office software. .xlsx files can be opened using Microsoft Excel. PDFs can be opened using Adobe Acrobat Reader, and any other compatible programs. A selection of original shapefiles within this archive were generated using ArcMap with associated FGDC-standardized metadata (xml file format). We are including these original files because they contain metadata only accessible using ESRI programs at this time, and so that the relationship between shapefiles and xml files is maintained. Individual xml files can be opened (without a GIS-specific program) using TextEdit or Notepad. Since ESRI’s compatibility with FGDC metadata has changed since the generation of these files, many shapefiles will require upgrading to be compatible with ESRI’s latest versions of geospatial software. These details are also noted in the “niwot_geospatial_data_list_07012021” file.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Soil and soil fraction radiocarbon, C and N from the Enriched Background Isotope Study, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA

A large accidental 14CO2 release at the Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee, USA provided a strong label pulse into adjacent, well-studied oak forests, resulting in highly elevated Δ14C values in leaf litter (~1000‰) and roots (~260–450‰). A four-year manipulative study was conducted to provide insight into mechanisms underlying soil Organic matter dynamics, specifically to determine the relative contribution of litter versus roots to the bulk mineral soil C pool, as well as to free light, occluded light and heavy fractions. The heavy fraction was further split into fractions with densities of 1.7–2.4 g cm-3 and >2.4 g cm-3 to test the homogeneity of the mineral-associated fraction of C. Substantial concentrations of label were detected in all soil fractions within a year of the 14CO2 release, indicating rapid incorporation of newly fixed photosynthates in all fractions of soil organic C, regardless of differences in stability inferred by previous work. This rapid incorporation of label occurred only in treatments where roots were labeled, indicating that roots are the major source of inputs to mineral soil C stocks at these sites. Separation of the heavy fraction into subfractions of intermediate (1.7–2.4 g cm -3) and high (>2.4 g cm-3) density indicated that both subfractions incorporated label at similar rates, despite significant differences in degree of microbial processing.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

AmeriFlux US-NR3 Niwot Ridge Alpine (T-Van West)

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-NR3 Niwot Ridge Alpine (T-Van West). Site Description - Snow-scoured alpine tundra; Dry meadow vegetation; 3-m tower located 50 m W of US-NR4, 420 m SW of US-xNW, and 28 km west of Boulder, CO, USA. Nearby reliable daily precipitation data (NWT D1) can be found at: https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/63b912a406254df036e89c84a1b59230.

Knowles, John↗