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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

Measurements program in remote sensing at Purdue University

The measurements program has been concerned with five basic research areas during 1971. These areas are: (1) The influence of haze layers upon remotely sensed surface properties; (2) electrical methods of soil moisture measurement; (3) thermographic studies of vegetation under nutritional stress; (4) improved field spectroradiometry; and (5) biological spectropho-tometry. All of these projects have risen out of problems generated from the overall laboratory mission. The emphasis in this paper is on instrumentation and techniques.

Silva, L. F.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Lidar applications to pollution studies.

This paper discusses the application of lidar (laser radar) to the measurement of air pollution. Lidar techniques and instrumentation utilizing elastic, Raman, and fluorescence scattering are discussed. Data showing measurements of the mixing of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere are presented. These data include: simultaneous two-wavelength results, isopleths showing the temporal dynamics of particulate mixing, measurements of the top of the earth's mixing layer, and measurements in a valley with restricted circulation and mixing. All measurements are compared with simultaneous radiosonde and/or aircraft-mounted temperature probe support. In addition, a second generation lidar system presently under development is described.

Mccormick, M. P.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Prolonged weightlessness (300 plus days) and cardiac performance in primates. 1: Neuro-humoral mechanisms in the control of cardiac and vascular performance in conscious animals

Research during the period 1 Oct. 1971 to 1 Oct. 1972 is reported. Studies discussed include: development of techniques for instrumentation of dogs and other animals, effects of temporary application of lower body negative pressure, and effect of infusing selected drugs on ventricular performance.

Hawthorne, E. W.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Neutral beam dose and sputtering characteristics in an ion implantation system

A technique and instrument design for calorimetric detection of the neutral atom content of a 60 keV argon ion beam. A beam sampling method is used to measure local heat flux to a small platinum wire at steady state; integration of power density profiles leads to a determination of equivalent neutral beam current. The fast neutral production occurs as a result of charge transfer processes in the region of the beam system between analyzing magnet and beam stop where the pressure remains less than .00001 torr. A description of the neutral beam detector is given in section along with a presentation of results. An elementary analysis of sputter material transport from target to substrate was performed; the analysis relates to semiconductor sputtering.

Roberts, A. S., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Microwave radiation hazards around large microwave antenna.

The microwave radiation hazards associated with the use of large antennas become increasingly more dangerous to personnel as the transmitters go to ever higher powers. The near-field area is of the greatest concern. It has spill over from subreflector and reflections from nearby objects. Centimeter waves meeting in phase will reinforce each other and create hot spots of microwave energy. This has been measured in front of and around several 26-meter antennas. Hot spots have been found and are going to be the determining factor in delineating safe areas for personnel to work. Better techniques and instruments to measure these fields are needed for the evaluation of hazard areas.

Klascius, A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Air pollution measurements from satellites

A study is presented on the remote sensing of gaseous and particulate air pollutants which is an extension of a previous report. Pollutants can be observed by either active or passive remote sensing systems. Calculations discussed herein indicate that tropospheric CO, CO2, SO2, NO2, NH3, HCHO, and CH4 can be measured by means of nadir looking passive systems. Additional species such as NO, HNO3, O3, and H2O may be measured in the stratosphere through a horizon experiment. A brief theoretical overview of resonance Raman scattering and resonance fluorescence is given. It is found that radiance measurements are most promising for general global applications, and that stratospheric aerosols may be measured using a sun occultation technique. The instrumentation requirements for both active and passive systems are examined and various instruments now under development are described.

Ludwig, C. B.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Mississippi Sound Remote Sensing Study

The Mississippi Sound Remote Sensing Study was initiated as part of the research program of the NASA Earth Resources Laboratory. The objective of this study is development of remote sensing techniques to study near-shore marine waters. Included within this general objective are the following: (1) evaluate existing techniques and instruments used for remote measurement of parameters of interest within these waters; (2) develop methods for interpretation of state-of-the-art remote sensing data which are most meaningful to an understanding of processes taking place within near-shore waters; (3) define hardware development requirements and/or system specifications; (4) develop a system combining data from remote and surface measurements which will most efficiently assess conditions in near-shore waters; (5) conduct projects in coordination with appropriate operating agencies to demonstrate applicability of this research to environmental and economic problems.

Atwell, B. H.↗
NASA NTRS1974

A case study of technology transfer: Cardiology

Research advancements in cardiology instrumentation and techniques are summarized. Emphasis is placed upon the following techniques: (1) development of electrodes which show good skin compatibility and wearer comfort; (2) contourography - a real time display system for showing the results of EKGs; (3) detection of arteriosclerosis by digital computer processing of X-ray photos; (4) automated, noninvasive systems for blood pressure measurement; (5) ultrasonoscope - a noninvasive device for use in diagnosis of aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valve disease; and (6) rechargable cardiac pacemakers. The formation of a biomedical applications team which is an interdisciplinary team to bridge the gap between the developers and users of technology is described.

Schafer, G.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Cosmic ray isotopes

The isotopic composition of cosmic rays is studied in order to develop the relationship between cosmic rays and stellar processes. Cross section and model calculations are reported on isotopes of H, He, Be, Al and Fe. Satellite instrument measuring techniques separate only the isotopes of the lighter elements.

Stone, E. C.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Measurement technology: A compilation

Technical information is presented on measurement techniques and instruments, measurement applications for inspection activities, measurement sensors, and data conversion methods. Photographs or diagrams are included for each instrument or method described, and where applicable, patent information is given.

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NASA NTRS1974

A magnetic field measurement technique using a miniature transducer

The development, fabrication, and application of a magnetometer are described. The magnetometer has a miniature transducer and is capable of automatic scanning. The magnetometer described here is capable of detecting static magnetic fields as low as 1.6 A/m and its transducer has an active area 0.64 mm by 0.76 mm. Thin and rugged, the transducer uses wire, 0.05 mm in diameter, which is plated with a magnetic film, enabling measurement of transverse magnetic fields as close as 0.08 mm from a surface. The magnetometer, which is simple to operate and has a fast response, uses an inexpensive clip-on milliammeter (commonly found in most laboratories) for driving and processing the electrical signals and readout. A specially designed transducer holding mechanism replaces the XY recorder ink pen; this mechanism provides the basis for an automatic scanning technique. The instrument has been applied to the measurements of magnetic fields arising from remanent magnetization in experimental plated-wire memory planes and regions of magnetic activity in geological rock specimens.

Fales, C. L., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Cosmic far ultraviolet background

The expected intensities of various possible components of the far ultraviolet background are discussed. It is concluded that existing results do not place interesting constraints on the density of the intergalactic medium (IGM). Current techniques and instrumentation for far ultraviolet astronomy are, however, sufficient to achieve vastly improved limits. New observations are required to determine whether the IGM can be detected in the far ultraviolet or whether the extragalactic component of the background is masked by radiation with a more local origin.

Davidsen, A.↗
NASA NTRS1974

International Cosmic Ray Conference, 13th, University of Denver, Denver, Colo., August 17-30, 1973, Proceedings. Volumes 3 & 4

Volumes 3 and 4 contain papers dealing with measurements of muons and neutrinos, ultrahigh-energy interactions, extensive air showers, and details of experimental techniques and instrumentation. Attention is given to the zenith angle and underground depth dependence of cosmic ray muons, muon charge ratios and energy spectra, extraterrestrial sources of neutrinos, strong interaction data from new accelerators, searches for quarks and other new particles, hadron fluxes and propagation in the atmosphere, high-energy gamma-ray measurements, and new models and theories for high-energy strong interactions. Extensive air showers are examined in papers dealing with associated Cerenkov light, radio emission, structure, the hadron content, and primaries. The design, operation, and performance of various detectors are explained. Individual items are announced in this issue.

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NASA NTRS1974

Locating underwater objects

Underwater search operations are considered to be engineering and operational problems. A process for proper definition of the problem and selection of instrumentation and operational procedures is described. An outline of underwater search instrumentation and techniques is given.

Grice, C. F.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Ground truth data for test sites (SL-3)

Field measurements performed simultaneously with Skylab overpasses in order to provide comparative calibration and performance evaluation measurements for the EREP sensors are presented. The solar radiation region from 400 to 1300 nanometers and the thermal radiation region from 8 to 14 micrometer region were investigated. The measurements of direct solar radiation were analyzed for atmospheric optical depth; the total and reflected solar radiation were analyzed for target reflectivity. These analyses were used in conjunction with a radiative transfer computer program in order to calculate the amount and spectral distribution of solar radiation at the apertures of the EREP sensors. The instrumentation and techniques employed, calibrations and analyses performed, and results obtained are discussed.

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NASA NTRS1975

Dynamic sampling of laser-induced vapor plumes by mass spectrometry

Mass spectrometric techniques and instrumentation for the dynamic sampling of laser-induced vapor clouds during their submillisecond expansion periods are discussed. Illustrations are drawn primarily from the results of pulsed-laser heating of some oxides and graphites; these include comparisons of incident laser beam pulses with the resultant pulses of positive ions and selected neutral species. Observed characteristics of vapor pulses from graphite are shown to correlate with calculated surface temperature response. Dynamic velocity measurements of individual vapor species are described and, from these velocities, vaporization temperatures are derived and compared using four gas dynamic models for vapor expansion into vacuum. Additional measurements indicate that the laser beam may interact directly with the neutral vapors to produce ions.

Lincoln, K. A.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Spectral measurements and analyses of atmospheric effects on remote sensor data

The radiance as measured by a satellite remote sensor is determined by a number of different factors, including the intervening atmosphere, the target reflectivity characteristics, the characteristics of the total incident solar irradiance, and the incident solar irradiance/sensor viewing geometry. Measurement techniques and instrumentation are considered, taking into account total and diffuse solar irradiance, target reflectance/radiance, atmospheric optical depth/transmittance, and atmospheric path radiance.

Hulstrom, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Carbon monoxide pollution experiment

The experiment is designed to obtain data for the investigation of mechanisms by which CO is removed from the earth's atmosphere. The approach uses an orbiting platform to remotely map global CO concentrations and determine vertical CO profiles using a correlation interferometer measurement technique. The instrument is capable of measuring CO over the range of expected atmospheric burdens and of measuring trace atmospheric constituents.

Bortner, M. H.↗