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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Phosphorus chemistry in plant charcoal: interplay between biomass composition and thermal condition

Background Vegetation fire may change Phosphorus (P) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems through converting biomass into fire residues. Aim The aim of this study was to understand the chemistry and mobility of P in fire residues to help reveal P thermochemistry during biomass burning and post-fire P cycling. Methods A combination of sequential extraction, liquid 31P NMR and P K-edge XANES was used to obtain quantitative P speciation and explain P solubilisation behaviours of charcoal. Key results Despite varying diverse P species existing in raw biomass, only two P structural moieties – orthophosphate and pyrophosphate – were identified in charcoal. However, relative abundance of pyrophosphate differs greatly among charcoal samples from different biomass types, ranging between 0 and 40% of total extractable P. Although P K-edge XANES data indicates abundant soluble phosphate minerals, most P (70–90%) is likely occluded physically in the charcoal. The bicarbonate-extractable P (the Olsen-P) varies significantly and cannot be explained by surface P concentration or elemental stoichiometry alone. Conclusion and implications The results suggest the importance of starting biomass P speciation (i.e. molecular structure and complexation environment) and thermal conditions in controlling P speciation and availability in charcoal. The different P chemistry between charcoal and ash suggests the importance of fire types and severity in disturbing the P cycle.

Forestry↗
DOE OSTI2023

Modulation of xanthophyll cycle impacts biomass productivity in the marine microalga Nannochloropsis

Life on earth depends on photosynthetic primary producers that exploit sunlight to fix CO 2 into biomass. Approximately half of global primary production is associated with microalgae living in aquatic environments. Microalgae also represent a promising source of biomass to complement crop cultivation, and they could contribute to the development of a more sustainable bioeconomy. Photosynthetic organisms evolved multiple mechanisms involved in the regulation of photosynthesis to respond to highly variable environmental conditions. While essential to avoid photodamage, regulation of photosynthesis results in dissipation of absorbed light energy, generating a complex trade-off between protection from stress and light-use efficiency. This work investigates the impact of the xanthophyll cycle, the light-induced reversible conversion of violaxanthin into zeaxanthin, on the protection from excess light and on biomass productivity in the marine microalgae of the genus Nannochloropsis. Zeaxanthin is shown to have an essential role in protection from excess light, contributing to the induction of nonphotochemical quenching and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. On the contrary, the overexpression of zeaxanthin epoxidase enables a faster reconversion of zeaxanthin to violaxanthin that is shown to be advantageous for biomass productivity in dense cultures in photobioreactors. These results demonstrate that zeaxanthin accumulation is critical to respond to strong illumination, but it may lead to unnecessary energy losses in light-limiting conditions and accelerating its reconversion to violaxanthin provides an advantage for biomass productivity in microalgae.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Aboveground Biomass Estimation Using NISAR Simulated ALOS-2 Time Series Data

Aboveground biomass (AGB) is a critical parameter to better understand the global carbon cycle and to develop sustainable forest management. However, a large uncertainty prevails. L-band SAR data have demonstrated strong potential to accurately retrieve AGB over low-biomass regions (<100 Mg ha-1). The upcoming NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar mission will collect data at L- and S-band over earth’s landmass with a repeat period of 12 days, allowing us to have ample data for monitoring biomass and its dynamics. One of the key science requirements of the mission is to produce annual AGB maps at 1-ha resolution with RMS accuracy of 20 Mg/ha for 80 percentage of area over low-biomass regions in Calibration/Validation sites. The NISAR biomass algorithm will generate AGB maps based on the parameterization of semi-empirical model along with NISAR time-series dual pol data (HH and HV). To calibrate and validate the model for mission requirements, the mission will use reference estimates of AGB produced from ground inventory plots and airborne LiDAR data collected over selected sites distributed across different global ecoregions. This paper presents the initial results of the calibration/validation of the NISAR AGB retrieval algorithm over the Lenoir Landing (LENO), Alabama, USA site using NISAR simulated ALOS-2 time series data. Five multi-temporal dual-pol HH and HV NISAR Simulated ALOS 2 data collections were used as input to assess the performance of the model. The model AGB retrieval results shows that the NISAR model was able to achieve RMS accuracy within 20 Mg/ha.

Ramachandran, Naveen [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, C↗
DOE OSTI2020

Biomass Production with Conservation Practices for Two Iowa Watersheds

Hydrologic modeling was used to estimate potential changes in nutrients, suspended sediment, and streamflow in various biomass production scenarios with conservation practices under different landscape designs. Two major corn and soybean croplands were selected for study: the South Fork of the Iowa River watershed and the headwater of the Raccoon River watershed. A physically based model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, was used to simulate hydrology and water quality under different scenarios with conservation practices and biomass production. Scenarios are based on conservation practices and biomass production; riparian buffer (RB), saturated buffer, and grassed waterways; various stover harvest rates of 30%, 45%, and 70% with and without winter cover crops; and conversion of marginal land to switchgrass. Conservation practices and landscape design with different biomass feedstocks were shown to significantly improve water quality while supporting sustainable biomass production. Model results for nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediments were analyzed temporally at spatial scales that varied from hydrologic response units to the entire watershed. With conservation practices, water quality could potentially improve by reducing nitrogen loads by up to 20%–30% (stover harvest with cover crop), phosphorus loads by 20%–40% (RB), and sediment loads by 30%–70% (stover harvest with cover crop and RB).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Arsenic Accumulation in Microbial Biomass and the Interpretation of Signals of Early Arsenic‐Based Metabolisms

Carbonaceous particles that concentrate arsenic in microbialites as old as ~3.5 Ga are similar to As-rich organic globules in modern microbialites. The former particles have been interpreted as tracers of As cycling by early microbial metabolisms. However, it is unclear if arsenic accumulation is a consequence of biological activity or passive postmortem binding of arsenic by organic matter during diagenesis in volcanically influenced, As-rich environments. Here, we address this uncertainty by evaluating the concentrations, speciation, and detectability of As in active or heat-killed biofilms formed by cyanobacteria or anoxygenic photosynthetic microbes exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of As(III) or As(V) (50 μM to 3 mM). The genomes or metagenomes of these biofilms contain genes involved in detoxifying or energy-yielding As metabolisms. Biomass accumulates As from the solution in a concentration-dependent manner and with a preference for oxidized As(V) over As(III). Autoclaved biomass accumulates As even more strongly than active biomass, likely because living biofilms actively detoxify As. Active biofilms oxidize and reduce As and accumulate both As(III) and As(V), whereas a small fraction of As(V) can be reduced in inactive biofilms that bind As during diagenesis. Arsenic enrichments in the biomass are detectable by X-ray based spectroscopy techniques (XRF, EPMA-WDS) that are commonly used to analyze geological materials. These findings enable the reconstruction of past active and passive interactions of microbial biomass with arsenic in fossilized microbial biofilms and microbialites from the early Earth.

Madrigal‐Trejo, David↗
DOE OSTI2024

Modeling the Moisture Content and Dry Matter Loss in Dynamic Woody Biomass Storage Piles with Variable Extraction

The urgent need to mitigate climate change has spurred significant interest in renewable energy sources. This paper explores the storage and processing of woody biomass for biofuel production, considering the dynamic nature of biomass piles in real-world scenarios. A model has been developed to analyze moisture content changes and dry matter loss in woody biomass stored in piles prior to processing, taking into account varying extraction methods and environmental conditions. Case studies that examine the effects of different unpiling methods (FIFO, LIFO, and homogeneous) on moisture content and dry matter loss under various feedstock arrival rates and weather conditions are presented. Results indicate that unpiling methods significantly impact moisture content, with LIFO typically resulting in higher moisture content due to the utilization of fresher feedstock. Dry matter loss increases with pile size and time, emphasizing the importance of accurate modeling for assessing carbon emissions and feedstock quality. Furthermore, the model highlights the importance of process loading order and extraction methods in biomass storage, suggesting potential cost benefits associated with decreased moisture content. The difference between different extraction methods could vary the moisture content in the feedstock reaching the biofuel process by as much as 37.6%, however dry matter loss varies minimally for realistic pile changes. Overall, this research contributes to a better understanding of biomass storage dynamics and informs sustainable biofuel production practices.

Niska, Janel↗
DOE OSTI2026

A Comprehensive Greenhouse Gas Assessment of Biomass-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal and Storage

Biomass-based Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS) is a suite of technological pathways that provide a relatively affordable and high-potential way to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and simultaneously re-purpose residual biomass. BiCRS technologies are individually optimized to different biomass feedstocks, temperatures and oxygen, with the primary goal of capturing a high percentage of biomass-derived carbon dioxide and storing it in permanent below-ground storage (i.e. geologic storage), and a secondary goal of producing renewable energy. The current standard for BiCRS life cycle assessments does not account for greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) fluxes from surface soil amendment of BiCRS byproducts (e.g. char, ash) and their alternate fates. This is partly due to a paucity of empirical data due to the novelty of BiCRS conversion technologies, the range in feedstocks, and the heterogeneity of soils to which they might be amended. To fill this gap in in the life-cycle assessment and provide a realistic range of parameters for a soil amendment component of the BiCRS life cycle assessment, we conducted an incubation experiment to measure soil carbon changes, microbial respiration, methane fluxes, and nitrous oxide fluxes from two different soils amended with char- and ash- byproducts from biomass after gasification to hydrogen, fast pyrolysis to bio-oil, and torrefaction. Our results suggest that nitrous oxide and methane emission or consumption from BiCRS char amendments to soil are context dependent. Nitrous oxide emissions from amendments are higher in soils with higher pH, whereas some char amendments to low pH soil can reduce N 2 O emissions relative to control. In contrast, methane is emitted from BiCRS char amended to low pH soil, but consumed or neutral relative to control when amended to high pH soil. We present carbon and nitrogen mass balance throughout the experiment to help understand short-term durability of BiCRS chars and their counterfactuals, and preliminary suggestions for revisions to the broader BiCRS Measurement, Reporting, and Verification framework.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

A Comprehensive Greenhouse Gas Assessment of Biomass-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal and Storage

Biomass with Carbon Removal and Sequestration (BiCRS) is a suite of technological pathways that provide a relatively affordable and high-potential way to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and simultaneously re-purpose residual biomass. BiCRS technologies are individually optimized to different biomass feedstocks, temperatures and oxygen, with the goal of capturing a high percentage of biomass-derived carbon dioxide and storing it in permanent below-ground storage (i.e. geologic storage). The current standard for BiCRS life cycle assessments does not account for carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide (CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O) fluxes from surface soil amendment of BiCRS byproducts (e.g. char, ash) and their alternate fates. This is partly due to a paucity of empirical data due to the novelty of BiCRS conversion technologies, the range in feedstocks, and the heterogeneity of soils to which they might be amended. To fill this gap in in the life-cycle assessment (LCA) and provide a realistic range of parameters for a soil amendment component of the BiCRS LCA, we conducted an incubation experiment to measure soil carbon changes, microbial respiration, methane fluxes, and nitrous oxide fluxes from two different soils amended with char- and ash- byproducts from biomass after gasification to hydrogen, fast pyrolysis to bio-oil, and torrefaction.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Re-routing of Sugar Catabolism Provides a Better Insight Into Fungal Flexibility in Using Plant Biomass-Derived Monomers as Substrates

The filamentous ascomycete Aspergillus niger has received increasing interest as a cell factory, being able to efficiently degrade plant cell wall polysaccharides as well as having an extensive metabolism to convert the released monosaccharides into value added compounds. The pentoses D-xylose and L-arabinose are the most abundant monosaccharides in plant biomass after the hexose D-glucose, being major constituents of xylan, pectin and xyloglucan. In this study, the influence of selected pentose catabolic pathway (PCP) deletion strains on growth on plant biomass and re-routing of sugar catabolism was addressed to gain a better understanding of the flexibility of this fungus in using plant biomass-derived monomers. The transcriptome, metabolome and proteome response of three PCP mutant strains, Δ larA Δ xyrA Δ xyrB , Δ ladA Δ xdhA Δ sdhA and Δ xkiA , grown on wheat bran (WB) and sugar beet pulp (SBP), was evaluated. Our results showed that despite the absolute impact of these PCP mutations on pure pentose sugars, they are not as critical for growth of A. niger on more complex biomass substrates, such as WB and SBP. However, significant phenotypic variation was observed between the two biomass substrates, but also between the different PCP mutants. This shows that the high sugar heterogeneity of these substrates in combination with the high complexity and adaptability of the fungal sugar metabolism allow for activation of alternative strategies to support growth.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Observations of supermicron-sized aerosols originating from biomass burning in southern Central Africa

During the 3 years of the ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) campaign, the NASA Orion P-3 was equipped with a 2D stereo (2D-S) probe that imaged particles with maximum dimension (D) ranging from 10 < D < 1280 µm. The 2D-S recorded supermicron-sized aerosol particles (SAPs) outside of clouds within biomass burning plumes during flights over the southeastern Atlantic off Africa's coast. Numerous SAPs with 10 < D < 1520 µm were observed in 2017 and 2018 at altitudes between 1230 and 4000 m, 1000 km from the coastline, mostly between 7–11° S. No SAPs were observed in 2016 as flights were conducted further south and further from the coastline. Number concentrations of refractory black carbon (rBC) measured by a single particle soot photometer ranged from 200 to 1200 cm –3 when SAPs were observed. Transmission electron microscopy images of submicron particulates, collected on Holey carbon grid filters, revealed particles with potassium salts, black carbon (BC), and organics. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectra also detected potassium, a tracer for biomass burning. These measurements provided evidence that the submicron particles originated from biomass burning. NOAA Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) 3 d back trajectories show a source in northern Angola for times when large SAPs were observed. Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 6 active fire maps showed extensive biomass burning at these locations. Given the back trajectories, the high number concentrations of rBC, and the presence of elemental tracers indicative of biomass burning, it is hypothesized that the SAPs imaged by the 2D-S are examples of BC aerosol, ash, or unburned plant material.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Tar Formation and Mitigation in Pressurized Biomass and Cofired Gasification

Biomass gasification with CO2 capture has the potential to provide carbon-negative heat, power, and feedstock for sustainable hydrocarbon fuels. In a pressurized gasifier, precombustion solvent systems can capture CO2 with less energy than needed for amine-based postcombustion CO2 capture, and pressurized syngas is generally more suitable for fuel synthesis. Although precombustion capture has been used for many decades in large-scale fossil-based plants, it has not been well-demonstrated in smaller-scale biomass gasification. Precombustion solvents and product streams could be particularly impacted by tar and other organic compounds that tend to form in high concentrations during low-temperature biomass gasification. A pressurized pilot-scale gasifier was used to examine tar formation and fate when using CO2 capture with various blends of biomass and coal. The syngas was fully conditioned to remove particulate matter; capture sulfur; adjust syngas chemistry using water-gas shift; quench out moisture and condensable organics; and capture CO2. Tar concentrations were measured in the raw syngas, the product gas, and in the liquid streams over the course of several weeks. The gasifier was operated both as a high-pressure oxygen-blown system to mimic large-scale centralized gasification and at lower pressures under air-blown conditions to mimic a more likely small-scale system. A second high-temperature stage with oxidant injection was used to crack tars. The overall results showed how gasifier and CO2 capture performance change as fuel is blended between coal to biomass and what the fate of tar is through a precombustion CO2 capture system.

Strege, Josh [University of North Dakota EERC] (OR↗
DOE OSTI2021

Environmental and cost benefits of multi‐purpose buffers in an agricultural watershed for biomass production

Abstract The cost‐benefit of riparian buffers to landowners has not been fully understood despite its ecosystem benefits. This study investigates the environmental and economic value of multi‐purpose buffers for biomass production under alternative land‐management scenarios at the watershed scale. The work incorporates the Soil and Water Assessment Tool with a field‐scale tool, the Agriculture Conservation Practice Framework, and cost‐benefit analysis. Our work took place in the agriculturally dominant Raccoon River watershed (RRW) in Iowa. The cost analysis includes implementing and harvesting the switchgrass buffers, the value of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, and the forgone income of cropland to determine the net return under 12 alternative feedstock scenarios. We estimated that 14 603 Mg of nitrogen and 2563 Mg of phosphorus runoffs can be intercepted by riparian buffers in the RRW, representing a nutrient loss reduction of 11% of nitrogen and 26% of phosphorus. These nutrients are valued at $1.31 million (M) for phosphorus and $1.24 M for nitrogen as fertilizers. The trapped nutrients account for 12% of the riparian buffers’ total cost. We found that net economic returns increase with biomass market price, increase with maintenance fertilizer application, and decrease with the cropland areas that are converted to buffers. Under current land management, a biomass market price at $60 per dry ton of biomass would be economically viable at the sub‐basin level when maintenance fertilizers are applied. At $80 per dry ton, all 108 sub‐basins in the RRW would be profitable up to $517 a year. The results highlight the trade‐offs between water quality and profitability. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is inthe public domain in the USA. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2021

A stochastic biomass blending problem in decentralized supply chains

Blending biomass materials of different physical or chemical properties provides an opportunity to adjust the quality of the feedstock to meet the specifications of the conversion platform. We propose a model which identifies the right mix of biomass to optimize the performance of the thermochemical conversion process at the mini-mum cost. This is a chance-constraint programming (CCP) model which takes into account the stochastic nature of biomass quality. The proposed CCP model ensures that process requirements, which are impacted by physical and chemical properties of biomass, are met most of the time. We consider two problem settings, a centralized and a decentralized supply chain. We propose a mixed-integer linear program to model the blending problem in the centralized setting and a bilevel program to model the blending problem in the decentralized setting. We use the sample average approximation method to approximate the chance constraints, and propose solution algorithms to solve this approximation. We develop a case study for South Carolina using data provided by the Billion Ton Study. Based on our results, the blends identified consist mainly of pine and softwood residues. The blends identified and the suppliers selected by both models are different. The cost of the centralized supply chain is 2%–6% lower. The implications of these results are twofold. First, these results could lead to improved collaborations in the supply chain. Second, these results provide an estimate of the approximation error from assuming centralized decision making in the supply chain.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Recent developments in pretreatment technologies on lignocellulosic biomass: Effect of key parameters, technological improvements, and challenges

Lignocellulosic biomass is an inexpensive renewable source that can be used to produce biofuels and bioproducts. The recalcitrance nature of biomass hampers polysaccharide accessibility for enzymes and microbes. Several pretreatment methods have been developed for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products. Yet, these pretreatment methods also produce a wide range of secondary compounds, which are inhibitory to enzymes and microorganisms. The selection of an effective and efficient pretreatment method discussed in the review and its process optimization can significantly reduce the production of inhibitory compounds and may lead to enhanced production of fermentable sugars and biochemicals. Furthermore, evolutionary and genetic engineering approaches are being used for the improvement of microbial tolerance towards inhibitors. Advancements in pretreatment and detoxification technologies may help to increase the productivity of lignocellulose-based biorefinery. Here, we discuss the recent advancements in lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment technologies and strategies for the removal of inhibitors.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Development of a universal method for high yield of furfural and hydrogen from raw lignocellulosic biomass

In order to develop a universal method for the co-production of furfural and hydrogen from raw lignocellulosic biomass, three types of substrates (maple wood, wheat straw, and tall fescue) were investigated, integrating chemical and electrochemical technologies. The results show both furfural and pure hydrogen were produced from all the biomass substrates, and the substrate type, composition, concentration, and size all affected furfural and hydrogen production. The highest furfural production of 154 mg g -1 substrate was achieved from wheat straw. The highest conversion rate of 67% for the waste furfural residue was realized, and 335 ml pure hydrogen per gram of furfural residue with a Faradaic efficiency of 99.3% was obtained with a new electrolytic cell. A reaction mechanism for hydrogen evolution from furfural residue and a rule for co-production of furfural and hydrogen from raw biomass were proposed. The facts show that a promising universal method for the co-production of furfural and hydrogen from lignocellulosic biomass has been developed.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2023

Atomistic origins of biomass recalcitrance in organosolv pretreatment

Separation of lignocellulosic biomass components for use in sustainable energy and biomaterials applications remains challenging, since biopolymers such as cellulose and hemicellulose carbohydrates and polyaromatic lignin are found in close proximity within the plant secondary cell wall. Organic solvents have been used to pretreat recalcitrant biomass and separate the interacting polymers, solubilizing the lignin fraction for lignin-first valorization approaches. However, no single organosolv pretreatment approach has proven superior for heterogeneous biomass samples. Here we present a complementary atomic view of interactions between biomass components using molecular simulations, specific to lignin and cellulose, resolving mechanistic hypotheses for how lignin-cellulose composition influences separation processes. Further, using lignin-cellulose binding free energy calculated using molecular simulations, we find polar protic solvents such as methanol and ethanol separate lignin from cellulose, irrespective of the charge on the lignin monomer. Aprotic organic solvents (DMSO, THF, 1,4-dioxane) separate uncharged lignin (phenols and monolignols) from cellulose, while charged lignin (cinnamates) prefer binding to cellulose.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Estimating geographic origins of corn and soybean biomass for biofuel production: A detailed dataset

Sustainable fuel initiatives in the United States such as the Environmental Protection Agency’s Renewable Fuel Stan- dard and the Department of Energy’s Sustainable Aviation Fuel Grand Challenge have increased the production of corn ethanol and soybean biodiesel. However, the lack of precise information regarding biomass sourcing at a localized level has hindered accurate understanding of both biofuel costs and environmental impact of these production pathways. By harnessing the power of geospatial analysis and leveraging United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) crop cen- sus data, this dataset fills this critical knowledge gap. This dataset offers a novel estimation of geospatial biomass sourc- ing for biofuel production in the United States by synthe- sizing 2017 USDA crop census data, biorefinery data from the United States Energy Information Administration, and publicly available information about biomass sourcing for biofuel production. This dataset provides a detailed under- standing of biomass use for first generation biofuel pro- duction, enabling stakeholders to make informed decisions about resource allocation, investment strategies, and infras- tructure development. Furthermore, the county-level gran- ularity of the dataset allows for increased fidelity in the techno-economic assessments and life-cycle analyses of first- generation biofuels in the United States.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Renewable biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass using fermentation and integration of systems with other energy generation technologies

Biohydrogen is a clean and renewable source of energy. It can be produced by using technologies such as thermochemical, electrolysis, photoelectrochemical and biological, etc. Among these technologies, the biological method (dark fermentation) is considered more sustainable and ecofriendly. Dark fermentation involves anaerobic microbes which degrade carbohydrate rich substrate and produce hydrogen. Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundantly available raw material and can be utilized as an economic and renewable substrate for biohydrogen production. Although there are many hurdles, continuous advancements in lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment technology, microbial fermentation (mixed substrate and co-culture fermentation), the involvement of molecular biology techniques, and understanding of various factors (pH, T, addition of nanomaterials) effect on biohydrogen productivity and yield render this technology efficient and capable to meet future energy demands. Further integration of biohydrogen production technology with other products such as bio-alcohol, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and methane have the potential to improve the efficiency and economics of the overall process. In this study, various methods used for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, technologies in trends to produce and improve biohydrogen production, a coproduction of other energy resources, and techno-economic analysis of biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass are reviewed.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗