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At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

X-Ray Diffraction Measurements of Residual Stress in a Cold Sprayed Ni Coating

X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the residual stress in a cold sprayed Ni coating which failed to form a bimetallic joint with NASA HR-1. The objective was to apply pure Ni by cold spray as a diffusion barrier between the Ni-based alloy NASA HR-1 and the Cu-based GRCop-42 for a thrust cell assembly. After additive manufacturing of the GRCop-42 cylinder, the commercially pure Ni coating was cold sprayed onto the cylinder. It was intended to have NASA HR-1 applied directly onto the Ni coating by Directed Energy Deposition (DED), however the bond failed during the first layer of DED. Residual stress measurements were collected via the Sin²ψ method in three equally spaced locations on the top surface of the Ni coating in both as-cold sprayed and heat-treated conditions. The results revealed both compressive and tension stresses on the as-cold sprayed sample and compressive stresses in the heat-treated sample. The results were illuminated when plotted at their respective positions and with their respective orientation angles around a circle. This showed rotational symmetry in the residual stress measurements, which correlated to the processing method used during application of the Ni coating.

Laura Wilson↗
NASA NTRS1940

Extension of Pack Method for Compressive Tests

The pack method for determining compressive stress-strain graphs described in NACA Report No. 649 has been modified to extend it's application to thinner gages and stronger materials. The principal modifications consisted in the provision of additional support against instability cementing the specimens of the pack together with fused shellac and the provision of special clamps to hold the specimens together while the test is in progress. The shellac was found to increase the buckling load of the pack without any appreciable effect on the compressive stress-strain graph of the material. The extended pack method described in this note has made possible the application of stresses in excess of 220 kips per square inch to sheet material having a thickness of only 0.02 inch.

Aitchison, C S↗
NASA NTRS1987

Piezoresistance and solar cell efficiency

Diffusion-induced stresses in silicon are shown to result in large localized changes in the minority-carrier mobility which in turn can have a significant effect on cell output. Evidence is given that both compressive and tensile stresses can be generated in either the emitter or the base region. Tensile stresses in the base appear to be much more effective in altering cell performance than do compressive stresses. While most stress-related effects appear to degrade cell efficiency, this is not always the case. Evidence is presented showing that arsenic-induced stresses can result in emitter characteristics comparable to those found in the MINP cell without requiring a high degree of surface passivation.

Weizer, Victor G.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Thermal residual stresses in silicon-carbide/titanium (0/90) laminate

The current work formulated a micromechanical analysis of a cross-ply laminate and calculated the thermal residual stress in a very thick (0/90)(sub 2n) silicon-carbide/titanium laminate. Results were also shown for a unidirectional laminate of the same material. Discrete fiber-matrix models assuming a rectangular array of fibers with a fiber volume fraction of 32.5 percent and a three-dimensional, finite-element analysis were used. Significant differences in the trends and magnitudes for the fiber, matrix, and interface stresses were calculated for unidirectional and (0/90) models. Larger hoop stresses calculated for the (0/90) model indicate that it may be more susceptible to radial cracking when subjected to mechanical loading than the unidirectional model. The axial stresses in the matrix were calculated to be slightly larger for the (0/90) model. The compressive axial stresses in the fiber were significantly larger in the (0/90) model. The presence of the cross-ply in the (0/90) model reduced the constraint on the fiber, producing radial interface stresses that were less compressive, which could lead to earlier failure of the fiber-matrix interface.

Bigelow, C. A.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Alterations in crack-tip deformation during variable-amplitude fatigue crack growth

Fatigue crack growth rate changes caused by single overloads and an overload followed by an underload have been studied in the high-strength aluminum alloy 7091. Crack-tip plasticity parameters were measured at each step in the loading sequence using the stereoimaging technique. Effective stress-intensity factor was measured with high resolution immediately at the crack tip both before an overload and during the subsequent growth rate retardation period. Crack-tip opening displacement and strain were altered in the same way as growth rate following the overload/underload events, and similitude with respect to crack-tip plasticity was preserved during the growth retardation period. Effective stress-intensity factor was found to correlate well with crack growth rate. Strains within the plastic zone were converted to stress at each step in load change. These stresses were then summed to determine the zone of residual stress caused by the overload. The region of compressive residual stress ahead of the crack tip was found to increase with overload severity but was limited to yield stress in magnitude. An underload shrank the spatial extent of the residual stresses caused by the overload.

Davidson, David L.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Waste gas storage

Method for storing a waste gas mixture comprised of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and inert gases, the gas mixture containing corrosive contaminants including inorganic acids and bases and organic solvents, and derived from space station operations. The gas mixture is stored under pressure in a vessel formed of a filament wound composite overwrap on a metal liner, the metal liner being pre-stressed in compression by the overwrap, thereby avoiding any tensile stress in the liner, and preventing stress corrosion cracking of the liner during gas mixture storage.

Vickers, Brian D.↗
NASA NTRS1937

The apparent width of the plate in compression

The following investigation treats the load capacity of a rectangular plate stressed in compression on one direction (x) beyond the buckling limit. The plate is rotatable (i.e., free from moments) supported at all four sides by bending-resistant beams.

Marguerre, Karl↗
NASA NTRS1977

Influence of temper condition on the nonlinear stress-strain behavior of boron-aluminum

The influence of temper condition on the tensile and compressive stress-strain behavior for six boron-aluminum laminates was investigated. In addition to monotonic tension and compression tests, tension-tension, compression-compression, and tension--compression tests were conducted to study the effects of cyclic loading. Tensile strength results are a function of the laminate configuration; unidirectional laminates were affected considerably more than other laminates with some strength values increasing and others decreasing.

Kennedy, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Local delamination in laminates with angle ply matrix cracks. Part 1: Tension tests and stress analysis

Quasi-static tension tests were conducted on AS4/3501-6 graphite epoxy laminates. Dye penetrant enhanced x-radiography was used to document the onset of matrix cracking and the onset of local delaminations at the intersection of the matrix cracks and the free edge. Edge micrographs taken after the onset of damage were used to verify the location of the matrix cracks and local delamination through the laminate thickness. A quasi-3D finite element analysis was conducted to calculate the stresses responsible for matrix cracking in the off-axis plies. Laminated plate theory indicated that the transverse normal stresses were compressive. However, the finite element analysis yielded tensile transverse normal stresses near the free edge. Matrix cracks formed in the off-axis plies near the free edge where in-plane transverse stresses were tensile and had their greatest magnitude. The influence of the matrix crack on interlaminar stresses is also discussed.

Obrien, T. Kevin↗
NASA NTRS2000

Thermoelastic Stress Analysis: An NDE Tool for the Residual Stress Assessment of Metallic Alloys

During manufacturing, certain propulsion components that will be used in a cyclic fatigue environment are fabricated to contain compressive residual stresses on their surfaces because these stresses inhibit the nucleation of cracks. Overloads and elevated temperature excursions cause the induced residual stresses to dissipate while the component is still in service, lowering its resistance to crack initiation. Research at the NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field has focused on employing the Thermoelastic Stress Analysis technique (TSA, also recognized as SPATE: Stress Pattern Analysis by Thermal Emission) as a tool for monitoring the residual stress state of propulsion components. TSA is based on the fact that materials experience small temperature changes when they are compressed or expanded. When a structure is cyclically loaded (i.e., cyclically compressed and expanded), the resulting surface-temperature profile correlates to the stress state of the structure s surface. The surface-temperature variations resulting from a cyclic load are measured with an infrared camera. Traditionally, the temperature amplitude of a TSA signal has been theoretically defined to be linearly dependent on the cyclic stress amplitude. As a result, the temperature amplitude resulting from an applied cyclic stress was assumed to be independent of the cyclic mean stress.

Gyekenyesi, Andrew L.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Measurements of the stress supported by the crush zone in open hole composite laminates loaded in compression

Measurements of the stress supported by the crush zone in open hole specimens loaded in compression were carried out on two composite laminates, AS4/PEEK and IM6/HST-7, containing circular holes of three different diameters. Compression tests were conducted in a specially designed high-axial-alignment material test system machine. Results indicated that the local stress supported in the crush zone is much less than the stress required to initiate the crush, providing the reason for the finding of Guynn et al. (1987) that the Dugdale model does not accurately predict the load-damage size relationship of open hole composite specimens loaded in compression.

Guynn, E. Gail↗
NASA NTRS1953

Structural efficiencies of various aluminum, titanium, and steel alloys at elevated temperatures

Efficient temperature ranges are indicated for two high-strength aluminum alloys, two titanium alloys, and three steels for some short-time compression-loading applications at elevated temperatures. Only the effects of constant temperatures and short exposure to temperature are considered, and creep is assumed not to be a factor. The structural efficiency analysis is based upon preliminary results of short-time elevated-temperature compressive stress-strain tests of the materials. The analysis covers strength under uniaxial compression, elastic stiffness, column buckling, and the buckling of long plates in compression or in shear.

COLUMNS, STRUCTURAL↗