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The absolute cross sections for the excitation of the nitrosyl cation Baer-Miescher bands, two nitric oxide bands, and several atomic nitrogen multiplets in the vacuum UV by electron impact on NO have been measured over an energy range extending from threshold to 300 eV. The variation of the dipole transition moment for the nitrosyl cation band system was also determined.
In this and the two accompanying letters, the results of calculations of the cross sections for electron impact excitation of the b 3Sigma(+)u state of H2, for collision energies from near threshold to 30 eV, are presented. These results are obtained using a multichannel extension of the Schwinger variational principle at the two-state level. The quantitative agreement between the integral cross sections of these three studies is very good. Inclusion of correlation terms in the scattering wavefunctions, which relax the orthogonality between bound and continuum orbitals, is seen to affect the cross sections substantially. Although a comparison of these calculated cross sections with available experimental data is encouraging, some seious discrepancies exist.
A concept yield spectrum is introduced and this two-dimensional function is calculated, using a modified discrete energy bin method for 50-eV to 10-keV incident electrons impacting on the gases Ar, H2, H2O, O2, N2, O, CO, CO2, and He. The yield spectrum is amenable to physical interpretation, accurate analytic representation, and convenient application to the determination of all types of yields needed in aeronomical problems.
The cross sections sigma R 1 (2p) for excitation of H Ly-alpha emission produced by electron impact on H2 is reexamined. A more accurate estimate for sigma R 1 (2p) is obtained based on Born approximation estimates of the H2 Rydberg system cross sections using measured relative excitation functions. The obtained value is (8.18 + or -1.2) x 10 to the -18th sq cm at 100 eV, a factor of 0.69 below the value universally applied to cross section measurements over the past decade. Cross sections for the H2 Rydberg systems fixed in magnitude by the Born approximation have also been obtained using experimentally determined excitation functions. Accurate analytic expressions for these cross sections allow the direct calculation of rate coefficients.
The contribution of the N2(E(3 Sigma g plus)) state to the total metastable excitation function of N2 assessed on the basis of time-of-flight studies of metastable nitrogen molecules. The cross section for electron impact excitation state was determined in the domain of the resonance form threshold (11.87 eV) to an energy of about 13 eV. The maximum value of the cross section was found to be (7.0 + or - 4.0) x 10 to the -18th power sq cm at an energy of 12.2 eV. The measurement was made absolute by using the previously determined yield of the metastable detector, the lifetime of the E state, and by eliminating the energy spread in the electron beam from the raw data. The half-width (FWHM) of the resonance-like excitation function near threshold was found to be about 0.4 eV. No substantial evidence was obtained from the present data for the presence of the nonresonant part of the excitation function for the state studied.
Absolute excitation functions were measured for the NO(+) A l super Pi-Chi 1 super Sigma (+) molecular band system, the nitrogen 1200-, 1243-, and 1493-A multiplets, and oxygen 1304-A multiplet. Excitation was by electron impact on NO from threshold to approximately 250 eV. Results are plotted and tabulated.
An experimental investigation was undertaken to identify as many transitions as possible in the 7-10 eV region of the electron impact energy-loss spectrum of 02 at low impact energies and high scattering angles. A number of new transitions were found which do not appear in optical spectra: bands at 8.595, 8.826, 9.045, and 9.27 eV have been assigned to the 3 s sigma g 1Pi(nu prime equals 0, 1, 2, and 3) excitations, respectively, and the identification of the corresponding 3Pi-g bands have been reconfirmed.
Cis- and trans-isomers of 4-t-butylcyclohexyl bromide were studied to determine the mechanism of cyclic bromonium ion formation. The field ionization kinetic and electron impact data indicate that the formation of the cyclic structure occurs simultaneously with loss of the neutral fragment. The data also show that little or no gas-phase cis-trans isomerization occurs.
A five-state close-coupling approximation, in which the exact He(+) bound states 1s, 2s, and 2p are retained along with 3s and 3p pseudostates, is employed to calculate 1s-to-2s and 1s-to-2p excitation of He(+) by electron impact in the energy range 61.2-136 eV. The inclusion of pseudostates is to allow in some average manner for the infinity of bound and continuum states that are neglected in a truncated close-coupling expansion. The pseudostates are constructed orthonormal to lower states of the same symmetry, and they have the same threshold energy of 0.2 Ry. The inclusion of pseudostates reduces considerably the excitation cross section, yielding better agreement with measurements.
The improved binary-encounter dipole (iBED) model [W.M. Huo, Phys. Rev. A64, 042719-1 (2001)l is used to study the total ionization cross sections of the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone by electron impact. Calculations using neutral fragments found that the total ionization cross sections of C3' - and C5', -deoxyribose-phospate, two conformers of the sugar-phosphate backbone, are close to each other. Furthermore, the sum of the ionization cross sections of the separate deoxyribose and phosphate fragments is in close agreement with the C3' - and C5" -deoxyribose-phospate cross sections, differing by less than 10%. The result implies that certain properties of the-DNA, like the total singly ionization cross section, are localized properties and a building-up or additivity principle may apply. This allows us to obtain accurate properties of larger molecular systems built up from the results of smaller subsystem fragments. Calculations are underway using a negatively charged sugar-phosphate backbone with a metal counter-ion.
Electron scattering spectra of CO2 are reported in the 7 to 10 eV energy-loss range, at energies of 0.2, 0.35, 0.6, 0.7, and 7.0 eV above threshold, and at a scattering angle of 90 deg. Several new distinct overlapping continua with weak, diffuse bands superimposed are observed to lie in this energy-loss range. The experimental spectra are discussed in the light of recent ab initio configuration-interaction calculations of the vertical transition energies of CO2. The experimental spectra are shown to be consistent with the excitation states of CO2.
Electron scattering spectra of nitrous oxide are reported in the 5- to 10-eV energy-loss range at scattering angles of 20, 30, 90, and 130 deg at a residual energy of 7.0 eV; and at residual energies of 10.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.6, and 0.2 eV at a scattering angle of 90 deg. Several new distinct and overlapping continua are observed to lie in this energy-loss range. The experimental spectra are discussed in the light of semiempirical INDO calculations of Chutjian and Segal (1972) of the vertical transition energies of N2O. An assignment of the symmetries of the observed excitations consistent with the experimental and theoretical data is suggested.
In 1979 significant concentrations of singly and multiply charged sulfur ions were observed in the Io torus. Attempts to model these observations revealed a need for new fundamental cross section data. In response, laboratory measurements of the cross-sections for single, double, triple and quadruple ionization of sulfur atoms by electron impact are presented for collision energies from threshold to 500 eV.
The Doppler profiles of one of the fine structure lines of the N I (1200 A) g (sup 4)S(sup 0)-(sup 4)P multiplet and of the N II (1085 A) g (sup 3)p(sup O)-(sup 3)D multiplet have been measured. Excitation of the multiplets is produced by electron impact dissociative excitation of N2. The experimental line profiles are evaluated by fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques and analysis of the profiles yields the kinetic energy distribution of fragments. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of N I (1200 A) increases from 27+/-6 mA at 30 eV to 37+/-4 mA at 100 eV as the emission cross section of the dissociative ionization excitation process becomes more important relative to the dissociative excitation process. The FWHM of the N II (1085 A) line is 36+/-4 mA at 100 eV. For each multiplet the kinetic energy distribution function of each of the two fragment N atoms (ions) is much broader than thermal with a mean energy above 1.0 eV. The dissociation process with the largest cross section is predissociation and predominantly produces N atoms with kinetic energy distributions having mean energies above 0.5 eV. Dissociative processes can lead to a substantial escape flux of N I atoms from the satellites, Titan and Triton of the outer planets.
We present the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission spectrum of CO_2 induced by electronimpact at 200 eV. There are 36 spectral features which are identified with a resolution of 0.5 nmover the wavelength range of 40 to 125 nm. Absolute emission cross sections were obtained for eachof these features. The EUV emission spectrum induced by electron impact consist of atomicmultiplets of CI,II and OI,II,III as well as CO and CO^+ molecular band systems produced bydissociative excitation. The CI (119.4 nm) multiplet is the strongest feature of CI with a peak crosssection of 3.61 x 10^(-19) cm^2 at 200 eV. The strongest feature of OI in the EUV spectrum is theOI (99.0 nm) multiplet with a peak cross section of 3.59 x 10^(-19) cm^2 at 200 eV.
An attempt is made to measure the sum of the elastic, rotational and vibrational scattering of electrons by KOH at low impact energies (5 to 20 eV) at angles from 10 to 120 deg. Energy loss spectra taken in the 0 to 18 eV range using an electron impact spectrometer are used to identify the species contributing to electric scattering. At temperatures between 300 and 500 C, only inelastic spectral features belonging to water are detected, while at temperatures from 500 to 800 C strong atomic K lines, indicative of molecular dissociation, and H2 energy loss features become prominent. No features attributable to KOH, the KOH dimer, O2 or potassium oxides were observed, due to the effects of the dissociation products, and it is concluded that another technique will have to be developed in order to measure electron scattering by KOH.
We report medium-resolution (0.025 nm full width at half maximum (FWHM)) electron impact-induced emission spectra of CO for 20, 100, and 200 eV impact energies. The emission spectra correspond to the extreme ultraviolet transitions from the B (sup 1)Sigma(sup +)(0), and E (sup 1)Pi(0) vibronic states to the X (sup 1)Sigma(sup +)(0) ground state. The present measurements are carried out at 20 times higher spectral resolution (to separate the many blended components) compared to our previous measurements, which were at a spectral resolution of 0.5 nm FWHM. The emission cross sections corresponding to the B (sup 1)Sigma(sup +)(0) yields X (sup 1)Sigma(sup +)(0), C (sup 1)Sigma(sup +)(0) yields X (sup 1)Sigma(sup +)(0), and E (sup 1)Pi(0) yields X (sup 1)Sigma(sup +)(0) resonance transitions were measured. In addition, excitation functions (0-1 keV) extending well into the Born region have been measured for the strong transitions (B (sup 1)Sigma(sup +)(0) yields X (sup 1)Sigma(sup +)(0) and C (sup 1)Sigma(sup +)(0)) and oscillator strengths have been determined, using a modified Born approximation analytic fit to the measured excitation function.
Molecular nitrogen excitation under electron bombardment at auroral and airglow impact levels, using computerized Monte Carlo method