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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Transverse Mode Coupling Instability of the Bunch with Oscillating Wake Field and Space Charge

Transverse mode coupling instability of a single bunch caused by oscillating wake field is considered in the paper. The instability threshold is found at different frequencies of the wake with space charge tune shift taken into account. The wake phase advance in the bunch length from 0 up to $4\pi$ is investigated. It is shown that the space charge can push the instability threshold up or down dependent on the phase advance. Transition region is investigated thoroughly, and simple asymptotic formulas for the threshold are represented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

QUASI-PERIODIC FAST-MODE WAVE TRAINS WITHIN A GLOBAL EUV WAVE AND SEQUENTIAL TRANSVERSE OSCILLATIONS DETECTED BY SDO/AIA

We present the first unambiguous detection of quasi-periodic wave trains within the broad pulse of a global EUV wave (so-called EIT wave) occurring on the limb. These wave trains, running ahead of the lateral coronal mass ejection (CME) front of 2-4 times slower, coherently travel to distances {approx}> R{sub Sun }/2 along the solar surface, with initial velocities up to 1400 km s{sup -1} decelerating to {approx}650 km s{sup -1}. The rapid expansion of the CME initiated at an elevated height of 110 Mm produces a strong downward and lateral compression, which may play an important role in driving the primary EUV wave and shaping its front forwardly inclined toward the solar surface. The wave trains have a dominant 2 minute periodicity that matches the X-ray flare pulsations, suggesting a causal connection. The arrival of the leading EUV wave front at increasing distances produces an uninterrupted chain sequence of deflections and/or transverse (likely fast kink mode) oscillations of local structures, including a flux-rope coronal cavity and its embedded filament with delayed onsets consistent with the wave travel time at an elevated (by {approx}50%) velocity within it. This suggests that the EUV wave penetrates through a topological separatrix surface into the cavity, unexpected from CME-caused magnetic reconfiguration. These observations, when taken together, provide compelling evidence of the fast-mode MHD wave nature of the primary (outer) fast component of a global EUV wave, running ahead of the secondary (inner) slow component of CME-caused restructuring.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Generation of “gigantic” ultra-short microwave pulses based on passive mode-locking effect in electron oscillators with saturable absorber in the feedback loop

A periodic train of powerful ultrashort microwave pulses can be generated in electron oscillators with a non-linear saturable absorber installed in the feedback loop. This method of pulse formation resembles the passive mode-locking widely used in laser physics. Nevertheless, there is a specific feature in the mechanism of pulse amplification when consecutive energy extraction from different fractions of a stationary electron beam takes place due to pulse slippage over the beam caused by the difference between the wave group velocity and the electron axial velocity. As a result, the peak power of generated “gigantic” pulses can exceed not only the level of steady-state generation but also, in the optimal case, the power of the driving electron beam.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

NOvA joint $ν^{e}$ + $ν^{µ}$ oscillation results in neutrino and antineutrino modes

NOvA is an experiment devoted to studying neutrino oscillations in the NuMI neutrino beam from FNAL (USA). It is a long-baseline experiment consisting of two functionally identical, finely granulated detectors which are separated by 810 km of Earth crust and sited at 14 mrad off the beam axis. By measuring the transition probabilities P(νμ→νe \nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_e ) and P(νμ→νμ \nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_\mu ) NOvA is able to extract oscillation parameters: Δm232 \Delta m^2_{32} , mixing angle θ23 \theta_{23} , CP violating phase δCP \delta_{CP} and neutrino mass hierarchy. This analysis will be the first to include both neutrino (9⋅1020 9 \cdot 10^{20} POT) and antineutrino (7⋅1020 7 \cdot 10^{20} POT) data, which helps to resolve degeneracies in the oscillation probability. In this poster, the lastest NOvA oscillation results will be discussed, as well as important intermediate steps in νe \nu_e analysis like signal and background predictions, projected sensitivities in upcoming analyses will be presented.

Back, Ashley [Iowa State U.]↗
DOE OSTI2014

A generalized tool for accurate time-domain separation of excited modes in spin-torque oscillators

We propose and develop an advanced signal processing technique that, combined with micromagnetic simulations, is able to deeply describe the non-stationary behavior of spin-torque oscillators, both in terms of time domain and spatial distribution of the magnetization dynamics. The Hilbert-Huang Transform is used for the identification of the time traces of each oscillation in a multimode excitation and enhanced with masking signals and the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition. We emphasize that the technique developed here is general and can be used for any physical non-linear system in the presence of multimode dynamical excitation or intermittence.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2012

DISKOSEISMOLOGY AND QPOs CONFRONT BLACK HOLE SPIN

We compare the determinations of the angular momentum of stellar mass black holes via the continuum and line methods with those from diskoseismology. The assumption that is being tested is that one of the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in each binary X-ray source is produced by the fundamental g-mode. This should be the most robust and visible normal mode of oscillation of the accretion disk, and therefore its absence should rule out diskoseismology as the origin of QPOs. The comparisons are consistent with the second highest frequency QPO being produced by this g-mode, but are not consistent with models in which one QPO frequency is that of the innermost stable circular orbit.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Development of High-Power, Long-Pulse Gyrotrons and Its Application for High Electron Temperature, EBWH and ECCD Experiments on LHD

To sustain plasmas with higher parameters and with longer pulse duration in LHD, ECH system has been upgraded by introducing newly developed 77 GHz gyrotrons. The designed output power and operation duration time are over 1 MW for several seconds and 0.3 MW for continuous operation, respectively. Owing to the upgrade of gyrotrons and improved power supply operation procedure, total injection power of EC-waves to LHD increased up to 3.7 MW at the last LHD experimental campaign in 2010.Application of the high-power 77 GHz EC-waves of 3.4 MW as focused beams to the center of plasma with low line-average electron density of {approx}0.2x10{sup 19} m{sup -3} causes highly steep electron temperature profile and the central electron temperature reached up to 20 keV, which highly exceeds the former record of 15 keV. At higher density region of 1x10{sup 19} m{sup -3}, central electron temperature reached 8.6 keV.Additional electron Bernstein wave heatings, O-X-B and slow X-B heatings, using a 77 GHz ECH system caused clear increase in plasma stored energy even for the high-density plasmas over plasma cutoff (>7.35x10{sup 19} m{sup -3}) sustained with NBI. For the O-X-B scenario, the 77 GHz EC-wave was obliquely injected from low-field side in O-mode polarization, aiming at the point where high mode-conversion efficiency was expected. For realizing slow X-B scenario, new inner-vessel mirrors were installed in LHD just close to a helical coil, that is, at the high-field side (HFS) region. Using the inner-vessel mirror, X-mode waves were injected from HFS, showing evident increase in plasma stored energy.Oblique injection of long-pulse 0.77 MW/8 s 77 GHz wave with various N{sub ||} clearly demonstrated ECCD in LHD. The EC-driven current changes its direction with the sign of N{sub ||}, and the highest EC-driven current reached up to 42 kA.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

A Hot Saturn Orbiting an Oscillating Late Subgiant Discovered by TESS

We present the discovery of HD 221416 b, the first transiting planet identified by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) for which asteroseismology of the host star is possible. HD 221416 b (HIP 116158, TOI-197) is a bright (V = 8.2 mag), spectroscopically classified subgiant that oscillates with an average frequency of about 430 μHz and displays a clear signature of mixed modes. The oscillation amplitude confirms that the redder TESS bandpass compared to Kepler has a small effect on the oscillations, supporting the expected yield of thousands of solar-like oscillators with TESS 2 minute cadence observations. Asteroseismic modeling yields a robust determination of the host star radius (R{sub ⋆} = 2.943 ± 0.064 R{sub ⊙}), mass (M{sub ⋆} = 1.212 ± 0.074 M{sub ⊙}), and age (4.9 ± 1.1 Gyr), and demonstrates that it has just started ascending the red-giant branch. Combining asteroseismology with transit modeling and radial-velocity observations, we show that the planet is a “hot Saturn” (R{sub p} = 9.17 ± 0.33 R{sub ⊕}) with an orbital period of ∼14.3 days, irradiance of F = 343 ± 24 F{sub ⊕}, and moderate mass (M{sub p} = 60.5 ± 5.7 M{sub ⊕}) and density (ρ{sub p} = 0.431 ± 0.062 g cm{sup −3}). The properties of HD 221416 b show that the host-star metallicity–planet mass correlation found in sub-Saturns (4–8 R{sub ⊕}) does not extend to larger radii, indicating that planets in the transition between sub-Saturns and Jupiters follow a relatively narrow range of densities. With a density measured to ∼15%, HD 221416 b is one of the best characterized Saturn-size planets to date, augmenting the small number of known transiting planets around evolved stars and demonstrating the power of TESS to characterize exoplanets and their host stars using asteroseismology.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Tunability over three frequency bands induced by mode transition in relativistic backward wave oscillator with strong end reflections

This paper presents an efficient approach to realizing the frequency tunability of a relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO) over three frequency bands by mode transition without changing the slow wave structure (SWS). It is figured out that the transition of the operation mode in the RBWO can be efficiently achieved by using the strong end reflection of the SWS. This mode transition results in the tunability of the RBWO over three frequency bands at high power and high efficiency without changing the SWS. In numerical simulation, the output frequency of the RBWO can jump over 7.9 GHz in C-band, 9.9 GHz in X-band, and 12.4 GHz in Ku-band with output power exceeding 3.0 GW and conversion efficiency higher than 35% by just reasonably transforming the structures of the front and post resonant reflectors which provide the strong end reflection for the SWS.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

The low frequency edge oscillation in alcator C-Mod and ASDEX upgrade I-mode

The low frequency edge oscillation (LFEO) is a low frequency fluctuation in many plasma quantities in the pedestal region of the I-Mode confinement regime. It is observed on Alcator C-Mod between 10–30 kHz and on ASDEX Upgrade between 5–10 kHz. On both tokamaks it has been previously identified as a geodesic acoustic mode (GAM), however the recent discovery of the edge temperature ring oscillation (ETRO) in a similar frequency and spatial location as the LFEO in I-Modes on EAST has called this identification into question. In this paper we investigate the LFEO on C-Mod and AUG using a variety of different experimental techniques including spectral analysis, magnetic mode number analysis, localization, and direct measurement of the LFEO zonal structure and propagation using a mirror Langmuir probe. This investigation has reconfirmed the identification of the LFEO as a GAM and determined that it has several key differences from the ETRO.

AUG↗
DOE OSTI2021

Data-Driven Adaptive Damping Controller for Wind Power Plants with Doubly-Fed Induction Generators

This paper presents an adaptive damping controller for wind power plants in which the turbines are equipped with doubly-fed induction generators. The controller is designed to respond to an input control signal that is triggered according to the system operating conditions. A processing unit continuously estimates the electromechanical modes of oscillation based on real-time streaming data acquired from a phasor measurement unit that is strategically positioned on the grid. The decision to trigger (or not trigger) the control signal is automatic, based on the relative damping of the dominant mode. The modes are estimated using the dynamic mode decomposition algorithm with time-delay embedding. Numerical simulations performed on the two-area system demonstrate that the proposed controller enhances the rotor angle stability for both small-signal and large disturbances, and is adaptive to changing grid conditions.

damping controller↗
DOE OSTI2021

Data-Driven Adaptive Damping Controller for Wind Power Plants with Doubly-Fed Induction Generators: Preprint

This paper presents an adaptive damping controller for wind power plants in which the turbines are equipped with doubly-fed induction generators. The controller is designed to respond to an input control signal that is triggered according to the system operating conditions. A processing unit continuously estimates the electromechanical modes of oscillation based on real-time streaming data acquired from a phasor measurement unit that is strategically positioned on the grid. The decision to trigger (or not trigger) the control signal is automatic, based on the relative damping of the dominant mode. The modes are estimated using the dynamic mode decomposition algorithm with time-delay embedding. Numerical simulations performed on the two-area system demonstrate that the proposed controller enhances the rotor angle stability for both small-signal and large disturbances, and is adaptive to changing grid conditions.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2017

LCOE Analysis of Surge-Mode WEC

Spreadsheet which provides estimates of reductions in Levelized Cost of Energy for a surge-mode wave energy converter (WEC). This is made available via adoption of the advanced control strategies developed during this research effort.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2013

Nonlinear dynamics of multiple neoclassical tearing modes in tokamaks

Numerical simulations investigating the interaction of co-existent 2/1 and 3/1 neoclassical tearing modes are presented. The results obtained from an initial value 3D toroidal code that solves a set of generalized reduced MHD equations exhibit a host of complex phenomena arising from the coupling of the two modes. These include a modification of the island saturation widths of the two modes, a significant modification in the perpendicular flow patterns in the vicinity of the islands, and the excitation of geodesic acoustic mode like oscillations that lead to concomitant oscillations in the kinetic and magnetic energies of the islands. These oscillations only occur in the presence of the neoclassical stress tensor contribution and are absent for two coupled classical tearing modes.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Light quantum control of persisting Higgs modes in iron-based superconductors

The Higgs mechanism, i.e., spontaneous symmetry breaking of the quantum vacuum, is a cross-disciplinary principle, universal for understanding dark energy, antimatter and quantum materials, from superconductivity to magnetism. Unlike one-band superconductors (SCs), a conceptually distinct Higgs amplitude mode can arise in multi-band, unconventional superconductors via strong interband Coulomb interaction, but is yet to be accessed. Here we discover such hybrid Higgs mode and demonstrate its quantum control by light in iron-based high-temperature SCs. Using terahertz (THz) two-pulse coherent spectroscopy, we observe a tunable amplitude mode coherent oscillation of the complex order parameter from coupled lower and upper bands. The nonlinear dependence of the hybrid Higgs mode on the THz driving fields is distinct from any known SC results: we observe a large reversible modulation of resonance strength, yet with a persisting mode frequency. Together with quantum kinetic modeling of a hybrid Higgs mechanism, distinct from charge-density fluctuations and without invoking phonons or disorder, our result provides compelling evidence for a light-controlled coupling between the electron and hole amplitude modes assisted by strong interband quantum entanglement. Such light-control of Higgs hybridization can be extended to probe many-body entanglement and hidden symmetries in other complex systems.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2011

Theoretical study on a 0.6 THz third harmonic gyrotron

A theoretical study on a 0.6 THz third harmonic TE{sub 37} mode gyrotron oscillator is reported in this paper in order to develop a compact, reliable, and high power terahertz radiation source. An output power of 4 kW can be generated in the TE{sub 37} mode (0.6 THz) at a resonant magnetic field of 7.86 T by the gyrotron oscillator operating at 55 kV/2 A with an electron beam radius of 0.32 mm. A magnetron injection gun (MIG) with high compression ratio has been designed. The simulation results of MIG show that the velocity ratio {alpha} is 1.37, and the perpendicular velocity spread and parallel velocity spread are 6.1% and 8.9%, respectively.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

Transient Terahertz Oscillations During Photoinduced Polarization Topology Reconfiguration in Ferroelectric Superlattices

Terahertz resonances embedded in crystalline heterostructures could close a spectral gap between conventional electronics and photonics while opening new windows on non-equilibrium lattice dynamics. We show that femtosecond optical screening of the depolarization field in epitaxial PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices launches a collective polar mode that oscillates near 1 THz and coherently spans the entire mini-Brillouin zone. Wave-vector-resolved pump–probe X-ray diffraction resolves a nearly dispersion-less oscillation at 0.87 THz and 0.94 THz at the zone boundary and zone center, respectively, persisting for ~2.5 ps, corresponding to a weakly damped resonance. Dynamical phase-field simulations reveal the origin of the mode to mesoscopic rotation of closure-domain textures during the photo-excited transition from an unscreened to a screened electrostatic state. Varying the PbTiO3 and SrTiO3 ratio tunes the mode frequency continuously from 0.9 to 1.4 THz, providing a quantitative design rule for frequency-selectable THz oscillators in ferroelectric heterostructures. By coupling nanoscale polarization reconfiguration to long-wavelength coherent dynamics, this work establishes depolarization-field engineering to topology-driven THz functionality and expanding the landscape of collective lattice dynamics.

Sri Gyan, Deepankar [Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, ↗
DOE OSTI2017

True randomness from an incoherent source

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) harness the intrinsic randomness in measurement processes: the measurement outputs are truly random, given the input state is a superposition of the eigenstates of the measurement operators. In the case of trusted devices, true randomness could be generated from a mixed state ρ so long as the system entangled with ρ is well protected. We propose a random number generation scheme based on measuring the quadrature fluctuations of a single mode thermal state using an optical homodyne detector. By mixing the output of a broadband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source with a single mode local oscillator (LO) at a beam splitter and performing differential photo-detection, we can selectively detect the quadrature fluctuation of a single mode output of the ASE source, thanks to the filtering function of the LO. Experimentally, a quadrature variance about three orders of magnitude larger than the vacuum noise has been observed, suggesting this scheme can tolerate much higher detector noise in comparison with QRNGs based on measuring the vacuum noise. The high quality of this entropy source is evidenced by the small correlation coefficients of the acquired data. A Toeplitz-hashing extractor is applied to generate unbiased random bits from the Gaussian distributed raw data, achieving an efficiency of 5.12 bits per sample. Furthermore, the output of the Toeplitz extractor successfully passes all the NIST statistical tests for random numbers.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗