Study of the Mechanisms of Flux Pinning in Type 2 Superconductors
Flux pinning mechanisms in type-2 semiconductors and specific heat measurements on annealed and deformed pure niobium samples
Coffey, H. T.↗
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Evidence to support the rigidly pinned vortex model for the peak effect.
Data are presented on the peak effect of a Nb-Ti alloy. The temperature dependence of the critical current at a field equal to or higher than the peak field is shown to agree with a model of a rigidly pinned vortex lattice.
Lubell, M. S.↗
A fission gas release correlation for uranium nitride fuel pins
A model was developed to predict fission gas releases from UN fuel pins clad with various materials. The model was correlated with total release data obtained by different experimentors, over a range of fuel temperatures primarily between 1250 and 1660 K, and fuel burnups up to 4.6 percent. In the model, fission gas is transported by diffusion mechanisms to the grain boundaries where the volume grows and eventually interconnects with the outside surface of the fuel. The within grain diffusion coefficients are found from fission gas release rate data obtained using a sweep gas facility.
Weinstein, M. B.↗
Optimal use of double pin ionization gauges for shock wave detection.
A study was conducted to investigate the response of the gauges to ionization in the gas and to discover, if possible, how the circuitry could be modified to make the system operable over a wider range of operating conditions. Shock wave velocities in the range from 3.5 to 27 km/sec were used in the studies. The electronic circuit developed is capable of producing a trigger pulse at a given voltage level across the gauge pins.
Mcclenahan, J. O.↗
Solar X-ray photography with multiplex pin-hole camera
A scatter-hole X-ray camera has been designed and flown in a rocket to measure solar X radiation. Its distinguishing feature is that many single pin-hole images are allowed to overlap - a multiplexing approach that saves space, gives practical signal-to-fog ratio, and requires special object reconstruction techniques. It was possible to reconstruct the appearance of the dominant source of solar emission on the day of rocket flight with better than one arc minute resolution. The coronal X-ray region had the same general shape and intensity distribution as the associated calcium K-line region.
Blake, R. L.↗
Paddle-pin alinement test
Segmented insulated test bar speeds up patch distributor paddle-pin test. Device eliminates need to disconnect cables or remove distributor. Printed circuit cable and connector reduces weight on bar, adding to tester portability.
Gilliam, D. M.↗
Fly-away restraint pin mechanism for the Army's PATRIOT missile system
The development of the longitudinal restraint mechanism for the PATRIOT missile system is reviewed. Two approaches for the restraint pin design are discussed: an initial ordnance mechanism, and a passive fly-away mechanism. Because of reliability problems and a desire to reduce cost the fly-away restraint mechanism was chosen.
Knight, F. W.↗
Stress intensities for cracks emanating from pin-loaded holes
A series of stress freezing photoelastic experiments were conducted on large plates containing central holes with cracks emanating from the edge formed by the intersection of the hole with the plate surface. Loads were applied through rigid pins with neat fits in the holes. Stress-intensity factors (SIF) were estimated by a computer assisted least squares analysis of the photoelastic data taken from slices near the points of intersection of the flaw border with the hole boundary and the plate surface. Results indicate that the local mode of loading changes from Mode 1 near the hole boundary to mixed mode near the plate surface. The analysis is extended to include mixed mode loading, and results are compared with an existing approximate theory.
Smith, C. W.↗
Wear of aluminum and hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloys in boundary-lubricated pin-on disk sliding
The friction and wear of pure aluminum and a number of hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloys (with 3 to 12 wt %Si) were studied with a pin-on-disk apparatus. The contacts were lubricated with mineral oil and sliding was in the boundary-lubrication regime at 2.6 cm/sec. Surfaces were analyzed with photomicrographs, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray dispersive analysis, and diamond pyramid hardness measurements. There were two wear regimes for the alloys - high and low - whereas pure aluminum exhibited a high wear rate throughout the test period. Wear rate decreased and the transition stress from high to low wear increased with increasing hardness. There was no correlation between friction coefficient and hardness. A least squares curve fit indicated a wear-rate dependence greater than the inverse first power of hardness. The lower wear rates of the alloys may be due to the composites of silicon platelets in aluminum resulting in increased hardness and thus impairing the shear of the aluminum.
Ferrante, J.↗
Stress-concentration factors for finite orthotropic laminates with a pin-loaded hole
Stresses were calculated for finite size orthotropic laminates loaded by a frictionless steel pin in a circular hole of the same diameter. The calculations were based on finite element analyses for six laminates. Stress concentration factors, based on nominal bearing stress, were determined for wide ranges of the ratios of width to diameter, w/d and edge distance to diameter, e/d. An infinite laminate case was analyzed for each laminate. Orthotropy had a significant influence on the tensile stress concentration at the hole. For example, the stress concentration factors for the infinite laminate cases ranged from 0.82 to 2.16, compared with 0.87 for the quasi-isotropic laminate. The finite widths and edge distances strongly influenced the tensile stress concentration. For the practical range w/d or = 3, the peak tensile stresses were as much as 80% larger than the infinite laminate reference value. For e/d or = 3, these stresses were amplified by as much as 50%. In contrast, the finite width and edge distance had little effect on shear-out and bearing stress concentrations.
Crews, J. H., Jr.↗
Giant glitches and pinned vorticity in the Vela and other pulsars
Previously unexamined regularities in the Vela pulsar timing data are noted, and explained by a theory of giant glitches in the Vela and other pulsars as the dynamic consequence of catastrophic unpinning events in the pinned crustal neutron superfluid. Postglitch behavior then results from the glitch-induced vortex creep. An implication of the theory is that the energy release in this glitch scenario need not appear instantaneously on the surface as heat.
Alpar, M. A.↗
Wire Retrieves Broken Pin
Safety wire retains pieces of broken tool. Retrieval wire running through shaft of tool used to pull pieces of tool out of hole, should tool break during use. Safety wire concept suitable for pins subject to deflection or breakage.
Burow, G. H.↗
Measuring Recessed Pins
Sleeve-and-rod-tool measures distances in blind locations. Developed for measuring small distance from top of pin to body holding it.
Kostas, C.↗
Stresses in a quasi-isotropic pin loaded connector using photoelasticity
Birefringent glass-epoxy and a numerical stress separation scheme are used to compute the stresses in the vicinity of a pin-loaded hole. The radial and circumferential stresses at the hole edge, and the net section and shear-out stresses are computed. The numerical and experimental results are compared with the computed stresses. The fixture used to load the connector is discussed and typical isochromatic and isoclinic fringe patterns are presented. The stress-separation scheme is briefly discussed.
Hyer, M. W.↗
Stresses in a quasi-isotropic pin-loaded connector using photoelasticity
Birefringent glass-epoxy and a numerical stress separation scheme are used to compute the stresses in the vicinity of a pin-loaded hole. The radial and circumferential stresses at the hole edge, and the net section and shear-out stresses are computed. The numerical and experimental results are compared with the computed stresses. The fixture used to load the connector is discussed and typical isochromatic and isoclinic fringe patterns are presented. The stress-separation scheme is briefly discussed. Previously announced in STAR as N83-33220
Hyer, M. W.↗
Stresses in pin-loaded orthotropic plates using photoelasticity
The stresses in transparent glass-epoxy plates loaded by a steel pin through a hole were determined by photoelasticity. The stresses around the hole edge, across the net section, along the shear out line, and on the centerline below the hole for quasiisotropic, unidirectional, and angle ply plates are outlined. Stresses in an isotropic comparison specimen are also presented. Stress concentration factors for several locations around the plates are tabulated. The experimental apparatus and the experimental technique are discussed. The isochromatic and isoclinic fringe patterns for the four plates are shown. A description of the necessary photoelastic theory is appended.
Hyer, M. W.↗
Radiation effects induced in pin photodiodes by 40- and 85-MeV protons
PIN photodiodes were bombarded with 40- and 85-MeV protons to a fluence of 1.5 x 10 to the 11th power p/sq cm, and the resulting change in spectral response in the near infrared was determined. The photocurrent, dark current and pulse amplitude were measured as a function of proton fluence. Changes in these three measured properties are discussed in terms of changes in the diode's spectral response, minority carrier diffusion length and depletion width. A simple model of induced radiation effects is presented which is in good agreement with the experimental results. The model assumes that incident protons produce charged defects within the depletion region simulating donor type impurities.
Becher, J.↗
Waveguide PIN junction electrooptic phase modulators Theoretical analysis and design criteria
Basic design equations for waveguide PIN heterojunction electrooptic phase modulators utilizing the linear electrooptic effect are derived, and criteria for optimum operation (in terms of obtainable phase shifts) are discussed. Although the numerical examples pertain to devices fabricated of the AlGaAs system on (100) substrates, the same method can be directly applied to modulators fabricated of other materials.
Marshall, W. K.↗