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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Solid State Quantum Refrigeration Superconducting, Absorption and Measurement Based (Final Technical Report)

During this DOE grant, DE-SC0017890, in place for the past six years, all proposed research was carried out and published in peer-reviewed papers, as well as other projects that emerged during the research. In that effort the research team accomplished all proposed research, as well as many closely related research projects discovered and conceived of during the grant. These works included “Efficient Quantum Measurement Engines”, a work published in Physical Review Letters, giving a theory of quantum measurement-based engines, which uses quantum measurement as a resource. These engines are designed to efficiently convert energy from the stochastic quantum measurement process into useful work. Further publications include “Experimental Realization of a Quantum Dot Energy Harvester”, a joint theory and experimental work in collaboration with the group of Charles Smith in Cambridge, UK, as well as long time theoretical collaborators, Rafael Sánchez and Björn Sothmann. This work, featured as an Editor’s Suggestion in Physical Review Letters, realized an earlier theoretical proposal of ours, whereby two resonant tunneling quantum dots are connected to a central electronic cavity that is heated by a hot energy source. We also published “Superconducting Quantum Refrigerator: Breaking and Rejoining Cooper Pairs with Magnetic Field Cycles” a work done in collaboration with experimentalist Francesco Giazotto from ENS Pisa, Italy, which also resulted in a patent. This paper, published in Phys. Rev. Applied, advanced the concept of a cyclic fridge based on the normal/superconducting phase transition together with layered materials separated by tunnel junctions. We also completed the proposed research on a heat transistor, publishing “Thermal transistor and thermometer based on Coulomb-coupled conductors”, carried out as a collaboration between my group and theorists Splettstoesser (Lund U., Sweden), Sothmann (U. Duisburg-Essen, Germany), and Sánchez (U. Autónoma de Madrid, Spain). We carried out an analysis of a quantum coupled to a quantum point contact as a sensitive thermometer and heat transistor. We found the optimal statistical estimator for the temperature and compared it with experiments on the same type of devices. We also investigated autonomous quantum absorption refrigerators using quantum dots to cool by using a very hot thermal reservoir to drive heat between two other reservoirs. In the article “Quantifying the quantum heat contribution from a driven superconducting circuit”, we demonstrated that for a driven superconducting circuit, we showed heat flow provided by a hot source to the qubit can be switched on and off by varying external parameters, the frequency and the intensity of the driving. In the work “Stochastic thermodynamic cycles of a mesoscopic thermoelectric engine”, we reconsidered the autonomous thermoelectric heat engine in terms of underlying cycles. Rather than periodic behavior, the cycles were stochastic in nature. Nevertheless, by undertaking a graph theoretical analysis of the elementary transport processed, great quantitative and qualitative insight could be found. We also considered the quantum measurement process and showed that a quantum version of Maxwell’s demon could be related to the work extraction of a quantum system, closely related to arrow-of-time measures for quantum measurement, as described in our article “Thermodynamics of quantum measurement and Maxwell's demon's arrow of time”. This work was selected in Phys. Rev. A as an Editor’s Suggestion. A recent preprint titled “Cyclic Superconducting Quantum Refrigerators Using Guided Fluxon Propagation” accomplished an important piece of this grant: to propose a new kind of quantum refrigerator using the dynamics of fluxons in a type II superconductor. This invention envisioned a race-track type geometry where fluxons are confined. By applying a gradient of magnetic field together with electric current in a Corbino geometry, the circulating fluxons can actively cool a cold reservoir, realizing a new type of cyclic superconducting refrigerator. We also investigated the possibility of thermal control from different points of view. The application of quantum measurement to the system gives a new kind of control on the system of interest – we have pioneered this approach and shown that measurement can boost the thermal power of quantum engines as described in “Continuous measurement boosted adiabatic quantum thermal machines”. The ability to have heat flows on demand is an outstanding challenge, and we have provided new solutions to this problem in Thermal control across a chain of electronic nanocavities” for a chain of electron cavities using gating voltage control. The control methods using qubit/qubit coupling to create absorption fridges at their most fundamental level have also been developed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2026

High throughput screening of ultra-thin electrocaloric materials enabled by additive manufacturing

Current HVAC systems can constitute as much as half of a building’s total energy consumption, depending on its use. More specifically cooling, particularly in hotter climates or for energy intensive applications, like data centers, can comprise between 10-30% of the total energy use. These cooling systems are largely comprised of compressor-based direct expansion systems and chilled water systems that use refrigerants or water, respectively, to reject heat. . Electrocaloric (EC) cycles present an eco-friendly alternative to these conventional processes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Understanding and Tailoring Diffusion and Co-Adsorption Inside the Confined Pores of Metal-Organic Frameworks (Final Scientific/Technical Report for Award DE-SC0019902)

The aim of this program was to gain a fundamental understanding of the behavior of various guest molecules in nano-confined environments, such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs), using a combination of novel synthesis, ab initio modeling, and in situ characterization. Through this project, we developed a concise understanding of the mechanisms that control adsorption/desorption of gaseous molecules and their mixtures, leading to design/synthesis guidelines for MOFs with desired functionality. We further developed methods to disentangle kinetic from thermodynamic effects during adsorption, as well as to characterize the interactions at play. In the first funding cycle, the focus was on the unambiguously characterization of co-adsorption and diffusion of gasses/vapors and their mixtures. In the second funding cycle, the focus was on characterizing the effects of the nano-confinement on the kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption processes inside MOFs, again with an emphasis on mixtures of gasses and vapors. The nano-confinement can tip the thermodynamic vs. kinetic balance, and current understanding and theory based on single-component analysis can lead to incorrect predictions for mixtures. This is of particular interest in real-world applications, where gasses/vapors are typically mixed, contain impurities, or are often exposed to humid conditions. Our main findings were: (i) within confined environments the adsorption behavior of mixed gasses/vapors can be drastically different from the “sum” of the corresponding single phases; (ii) co-adsorption is often competitive and detrimental to performance, but it can also be cooperative and beneficial; (iii) in some co-adsorbed gasses/vapors, molecules that are strongly bound in the single-component phase can be replaced by molecules that are nominally weaker bound (molecular exchange) due to guest-guest interactions that lower the kinetic barriers and favor the final adsorption state; (iv) kinetic and thermodynamic effects can be precisely controlled through pore-size engineering and synthesis; and, (v) kinetic effects can be identified and disentangled from thermodynamic effects during adsorption through a series of sequential and simultaneous gas loading measurements. The short-term goal of this program was the controlling and understanding of common MOF systems in real-world situations where gasses/vapors are mixed, which will have an important impact on industrial processes and applications from gas storage and sequestration to catalysis and sensors. The long-term goals include the development of theoretical and experimental methods for gaining a fundamental understanding of adsorption/reaction processes within MOFs, as well as new guidelines for synthesizing MOFs with tailored physical and chemical properties.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Ten questions concerning Large Language Models (LLMs) for building applications

Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as powerful AI tools capable of transforming how building information is collected, processed, analyzed, and applied across diverse research areas. Their capabilities can help building operators, facility managers and other stakeholders such as designers, architects and engineers by providing actionable insights for decision-making across planning, construction, operations, and maintenance of buildings and facilities. This paper explores ten key questions concerning the role of LLMs in shaping sustainable, intelligent, and human-centric buildings. From fundamental definitions to advanced applications, we examine how LLMs facilitate decision-making across the life cycle of buildings and energy systems. LLMs can enhance life cycle assessments (LCA), building energy simulations, and real-time data integration, empowering more efficient and adaptive human-AI environments. They can also contribute to streamlining regulatory compliance, improving post-occupancy evaluations, and fostering more inclusive and participatory design processes. Additionally, this paper addresses the ethical challenges posed by LLMs, such as bias, data privacy, and environmental impacts, and explores their potentials in advancing intelligent digital twins (DT) for ongoing building operations and maintenance. Built upon our applied research using LLMs and the review of tools, datasets, and research gaps, we provide a forward-looking perspective on how LLMs can drive innovation, collaboration, and productivity in the built environment while supporting ethical and effective implementation.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2025

Corrosion and Mechanical Durability Testing in High Temperature Molten Sulfur (CRADA Final Report)

The overall goal of the project is to explore and identify suitable candidate materials for high-temperature molten sulfur thermal energy storage (TES) operating up to a maximum temperature of 400°C–420°C for industrial process heat applications. A detailed corrosion and strength analysis of coupons subjected to long-term thermal testing in molten sulfur will be conducted to characterize the fundamental corrosion mechanism, corrosion rates, and mechanical durability. The results from the project contribute to the engineering design of sulfur TES systems with desired longevity and lower construction and maintenance costs. The research outcome benefits the TES research and development community by providing detailed corrosion and degradation information for more effective engineering design of the molten sulfur TES containment. It improves the diversity and reliability of the renewable technologies available for the U.S. industries and U.S. power grid.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Novel data interpretation method for DIII-D divertor retarding field energy analyzer with 3-D particle-in-cell simulations

A novel data interpretation process that utilizes comprehensive particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations is developed for the new retarding field energy analyzer (RFEA) currently being constructed at DIII-D for the lower divertor using the Divertor Material Evaluation System. Furthermore, this probe is expected to survive a heat load of up to 100 MW/m 2 for up to 5 s and reliably measure the main ion temperature (T i ) on the divertor target ranging from 10 to 200 eV. These extreme conditions posed significant engineering limitations on the probe geometry, thus extensive validation work has been performed. The conventional fitting method for the RFEA I–V characteristics is based on a simplified 1-D model without considering the ion space charge inside the probe cavity and may not be sufficient for probes designed for the DIII-D divertor environment. In this article, a more realistic description of the particle propagation process within the RFEA cavity is achieved by including both 3-D geometric effects and ion space charge in the PIC simulations, and the capability to reconstruct the ion energy distribution functions is demonstrated with reasonable consistency.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Initial Engineering Framework for Species Tracking in MSRs Involving Fuel Salt and Structures

This report implements a high-fidelity multiphysics modeling framework using the Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program tools to track leaching and plating of materials between the fuel salt and structures in Molten Salt Reactors (MSRs). Specifically, this framework is demonstrated in modeling various processes within MSRs including hot and cold leg corrosion, redox potential driven corrosion, colloid precipitation and deposition, and noble metal plating and decay heat modeling. The model integrates neutronics, thermal-hydraulics, depletion, and thermochemistry to simulate the evolving chemical behavior of the fuel salt in interactions with structural materials. Initial findings suggest that hot-cold leg corrosion in MSR systems may become significant if the redox potential of the fuel salt is not sufficiently controlled. Additionally, the impact of noble metal decay heat deposition in large power reactors is explored. The resulting engineering framework for species tracking will be applied in the future toward specific validation work with ongoing experimental efforts focusing on both chloride and fluoride salt loop experiments with in-situ corrosion and redox control instrumentation.

11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Revealing Parallel Inter‐ and Intra‐Ligand Charge Transfer Dynamics in [Ru(L) 2 (dppz)] 2+ Molecular Lightswitch with N K‐Edge X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

In photoactive metal complexes the localization of photoexcited charges dictates the site of chemical reactivity, but few studies measure the charge redistribution in these systems with spatial precision. Herein, we track the inter- and intra-ligand charge transfer processes that underpin light-driven charge separation in the well-studied “molecular lightswitch” [Ru(bpy) 2 dppz] 2+ (aqueous [Ruthenium II (2,2′-bipyridine)2(dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine)] 2+ [Cl − ] 2 ) by probing the electronic structure of ligand nitrogen atoms in real-time using ultrafast X-ray absorption spectroscopy and first principles calculations. We confirm the localization of excited electron density on the phenazine N atoms of dppz and we newly identify two parallel electron transfer pathways to populate this state. Sub-70 fs electron transfer to the phenazine portion of dppz is observed and attributed to intra-ligand electron transfer following Ru-to-dppz metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excitation. This fast charge transfer was not reported in prior ultrafast studies. The slower (ca. 2 ps) charge transfer reported extensively in time-resolved optical absorption and emission studies is reassigned here to inter-ligand electron “hopping” between nearly isoenergetic ligand moieties following Ru-to-bpy MLCT excitation. In conclusion, the results demonstrate much faster charge separation than previously identified in this well-studied system, highlighting how extended azaacene ligand motifs promote the competitive charge transfer processes needed to drive light-driven electron transfer chemistry.

Donor-acceptor systems↗
DOE OSTI2024

Design, Synthesis, and Validation: Genome Scale Optimization of Energy Flux through Compartmentalized Metabolic Networks in a Model Photosynthetic Eukaryotic Microbe (Final Report)

Photosynthetic organisms have recently gained considerable attention for a role in development of renewable energy sources. Genome-enabled systems biology methodology and modeling, coupled with high throughput genome engineering strategies, present opportunities to develop sustainable and economical applications such as fuel production within the next 10 to 15 years. However, optimization of light-driven metabolism for biomass or biofuel production will require significant advances in methodological throughput as well as improvements in detailed systems biology understanding of photosynthetic processes and cellular metabolism. The ability of diatoms to thrive in upwelling-induced, periodically nutrient-rich conditions makes them the base for the world’s shortest and most energy-efficient food webs. Diatom photosynthesis is estimated to account for between 25% and 40% of the 45-50 billion tons of organic carbon fixed annually in the sea.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Progress on the MARVEL Cybersecurity by Design Model-Based Systems Engineering Project

Formal model-based systems engineering (MBSE) combines a model, systems thinking, and systems engineering to visually depict the boundaries, context, and behavior of interconnected systems, facilitating effective design, development, and utilization of engineered systems throughout the systems engineering lifecycle. Although nuclear reactor vendors employ these tools to integrate functionality, performance, and safety, they are not yet addressing digital risk concerns introduced by use of operational technology, such as digital instrumentation and control systems. To accomplish this objective, the Microreactor Applications Research Validation and EvaLuation (MARVEL) microreactor was used as an MBSE case study. This real-world application provides a first-of-a-kind opportunity to demonstrate the benefits of integrating digital risk and cybersecurity into the MBSE design process of a nuclear reactor. This paper provides an update of the ongoing MARVEL Cyber MBSE project as it specifically relates to the integration of digital risk management and cybersecurity by design.

22 - GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

System design and analysis of thermal power dispatch systems for boiling water reactors

Nuclear power plants are crucial to meeting net zero emission goals and achieving energy sustainability. Integrating these plants with clean energy technologies such as high-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE) may improve the efficiency and economic competitiveness of these plants. Here, the current study investigates the design and operation of a thermal power dispatch (TPD) system for coupling boiling water reactors (BWRs) to HTSE plants. The TPD system extracts a portion of the steam from the reactor’s main steam line and transfers its thermal energy to an HTSE plant through a power transport loop. A TPD system for 5 % steam extraction has been designed and the system performance during steady and transient operations has been analyzed. The TPD system dispatched a total of 197 MW thermal energy to the HTSE plant under nominal design conditions. Saturated steam at 7.17 MPa from the BWR plant was condensed and subcooled to a temperature of 168 °C, while a mass flow rate of 91.1 kg/s of superheated steam was dispatched to the HTSE plant. Furthermore, the system performance during transient operation showed a continuous transition from the initial hot standby mode to the nominal power dispatch level. The transient simulation results emphasized the importance of investigating component level performance for the TPD system design. The current results will guide future works on the development of integrated energy systems for hydrogen production or process heat applications.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Exploring electron-beam induced modifications of materials with machine-learning assisted high temporal resolution electron microscopy

Directed atomic fabrication using an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) opens new pathways for atomic engineering of functional materials. In this approach, the electron beam is used to actively alter the atomic structure through electron beam induced irradiation processes. One of the impediments that has limited widespread use thus far has been the ability to understand the fundamental mechanisms of atomic transformation pathways at high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we develop a workflow for obtaining and analyzing high-speed spiral scan STEM data, up to 100 fps, to track the atomic fabrication process during nanopore milling in monolayer MoS 2 . An automated feedback-controlled electron beam positioning system combined with deep convolution neural network (DCNN) was used to decipher fast but low signal-to-noise datasets and classify time-resolved atom positions and nature of their evolving atomic defect configurations. Through this automated decoding, the initial atomic disordering and reordering processes leading to nanopore formation was able to be studied across various timescales. Using these experimental workflows a greater degree of speed and information can be extracted from small datasets without compromising spatial resolution. This approach can be adapted to other 2D materials systems to gain further insights into the defect formation necessary to inform future automated fabrication techniques utilizing the STEM electron beam.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Experimental study of airpath electrification in an opposed-piston two stroke (OP2S) engine architecture

The opposed-piston two stroke (OP2S) engine shows potential as an alternative engine architecture to the conventional four stroke engine due to its high-power density, thermal efficiency, and versatile airpath management system. Since the pistons of a two-stroke engine do not pump the air into and out of the cylinder like in a four-stroke engine, the selection of the air induction devices and airpath actuators becomes critical to optimize engine performance. Both the pumping losses and the in-cylinder combustion process can be affected by the scavenging process in a two-stroke engine. Therefore, this study compares two different airpath configurations for the same family of OP2S engines and investigates performance metrics like scavenging control, pumping work, net indicated and brake efficiencies, and engine-out emissions associated with each airpath. Data was collected on a 3.2 L, two-cylinder OP2S engine with an electrically assisted turbocharger (EAT) and a 4.9 L displacement, three-cylinder engine with a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) and a supercharger. The experiments consisted of speed and load sweeps for both engines at the same operating conditions to compare scavenge control in both architectures. For the three-cylinder layout, the SE sweep range was much higher, and the intake pressure could be independently varied with air flowrate, thus providing more flexibility for scavenging control. The supercharger and the VGT usage was optimized based on its efficiency map and thus, this layout had lower pumping losses compared to the EAT. The two-cylinder engine had a higher overall SE as compared to the three-cylinder engine, but the intake pressure and air flowrate could not be decoupled, leading to over scavenging and increased short circuiting of fresh charge into the exhaust.

Bhatt, Ankur [Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA↗
DOE OSTI2026

An Educational Program on Concentrated Solar Power and Heliostats for Power Generation and Industrial Processes

The objective of this project was to design and implement a comprehensive educational and applied research program in Concentrated Solar Thermal Power (CSTP) and heliostat technologies at Northeastern University. In alignment with the U.S. Department of Energy's Heliostat Consortium (HelioCon) goals, the project aimed to expand student and public understanding of CSTP systems while simultaneously contributing to workforce development and the broader decarbonization strategy. A particular emphasis was placed on integrating hands-on student design projects and publicly disseminating educational content relevant to CSTP systems. The project addressed a critical gap in renewable energy education: CSTP and heliostats, despite their importance in utility-scale solar energy, are rarely included in standard mechanical engineering programs. This project established new pathways for students to engage with the topic through the creation of a 4-credit graduate/senior elective course, development of five industry-facing short courses, and the inclusion of CSTP-based capstone design projects. Over two academic years, 36 students across six senior design teams developed and tested technologies such as deformable heliostats, beacon-based tracking systems, and solar-powered pyrolizers for biomass-to-biochar conversion. Concurrently, 30 undergraduate and graduate students were enrolled in the new academic course centered around CSTP principles. To ensure the relevance and accessibility of the short course content, the project team engaged with industry professionals, technical policy stakeholders, and potential course participants through structured surveys and informal consultations. Feedback from 28 respondents guided the structure, length, and delivery format of the courses - resulting in a modular design broken into five workshops. The feedback emphasized the need for flexible, asynchronous delivery and practical case studies, particularly in areas such as heliostat control, thermal storage, and solar fuel production. This engagement helped align the courses with the evolving knowledge demands of the renewable energy workforce and ensured that participants from both technical and policy backgrounds could meaningfully benefit from the material. The research and educational activities advanced the understanding of heliostat control systems, optical performance under misalignment, and thermal system integration in solar-driven pyrolysis applications. Methods and designs explored in this project proved to be both technically effective and economically feasible at the lab scale. Prototypes were constructed using commercially available components and custom-fabricated elements, demonstrating that meaningful performance improvements can be achieved with modest material and fabrication costs, supporting the feasibility of student-led research in this field. The public benefit of this project is twofold. First, it cultivates a pipeline of engineers trained to be familiar with CSTP principles, an essential workforce need identified by the Department of Energy for achieving its 2030 cost and deployment targets. Second, it contributes openly accessible educational materials, course content, and experimental frameworks to the broader community, enabling other institutions to adopt or adapt similar programming. Through outreach activities, curriculum integration, and technical exposure, this project contributes to a more informed and capable renewable energy workforce while supporting innovation in heliostat and CSTP system design. A new technical report is being prepared to document the development of the course and its outcomes, with plans to publish it in the ASME Open Access Journal of Engineering to ensure global accessibility, free of cost.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

High-Efficiency Low-Carbon Fuel Flexible Burner for Steel Industry

GTI Energy, with Bloom Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, are developing the FlexGen-H burner. This high-efficiency burner can achieve 45•100% CO2e emissions reduction using green hydrogen with natural gas. It offers NOx, CO emissions ?50 ppm (3% O2), 15•51% fuel savings, ?50% PM2.5 reduction with turndown of ?5:1. The technology can work with renewable liquid fuels, ethanol or methanol. The technology aims to significantly reduce emissions, enhance resiliency, improve process efficiency. The paper will discuss preliminary results of development, with planned laboratory validation including safety, CFD, burner system design and market for the technology.

Sperry, McKay [ORNL] (ORCID:0009000658602049)↗
DOE OSTI2026

N 2 O Formation Mechanism and Suppression Strategy on Pt Catalysts for NO x Removal from Hydrogen-Internal Combustion Engines

Pt-based catalysts exhibit excellent low-temperature activity in the selective catalytic reduction of NO x with H 2 (H 2 -SCR), but their tendency to form N 2 O poses a significant challenge for practical use. This issue is further complicated by unclear formation mechanisms, hindering the development of more efficient catalysts. This study explored the N 2 O generation mechanisms on Pt catalysts supported by MgO, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and TiO 2 , aiming to achieve a deep understanding that could advance the Pt catalysts with high NO x conversion and minimized N 2 O emissions. Through systematic kinetics and characterization analyses, the direct influence of the support acidity and reactant dynamics (O 2 and NO) on N 2 O formation was clearly revealed. Notably, the Pt catalysts with strong NO adsorption capacity showed reduced N 2 O generation, highlighting the critical role of NO adsorption sites in the H 2 -SCR process. By incorporation of NO adsorption sites (i.e., MgO, BaO, CeO 2 ) onto Pt/SiO 2 , both the H 2 -SCR efficiency and N 2 selectivity (reduced N 2 O selectivity) were significantly enhanced, effectively reducing the N 2 O emissions through optimized surface NO adsorption. These findings provide a design framework for more selective Pt-based catalysts, advancing H 2 -SCR systems for effective NO x abatement from hydrogen-internal combustion engines, which is a promising carbon-free transportation technology.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Cyber-Informed Engineering for Strategic Planning

The CIE Guide for Engaging Organizational Leadership: Board and C-Suite describes how to apply CIE at the senior-level of organizational management. This guidance integrates CIE concepts into theory and practice of guiding coalition leadership to improve permeation of CIE concepts throughout organizational culture. This guide incorporates feedback from CIE community of practice volunteers in a study of how business administrative and strategic planning and management guidance and course materials can be applied to CIE implementation throughout an organization's principles and processes. This guide defines the interests guiding senior leadership, managers and supervisors, and technicians and workers involved in creating and operating and maintaining systems, and cultural/ historical/ political assumptions or influences shaped the landscape that could facilitate or impede development of CIE. The included guidance for organizational strategic management and leadership can be imbedded into contract guidance based on the CIE implementation guide and lessons learned from industry application.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗