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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Unravel lipid accumulation mechanism in oleaginous yeast through single cell systems biology study

Searching for alternative and clean energy is one of the most important tasks today. Our research aimed at finding the best living condition for certain types of oleaginous yeasts for efficient lipid production. We found that R. glutinis yeast cells has great variability in lipid production among cells while Y. lipolytica cells has similar oil production ability. We found some individual cells shows much higher level of oil production. In order to further study these cases, we employed a label-free chemical sensitive microscopy method call stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). With SRS, we could measure the lipid content in each cell. We combined SRS microscopy with microfluidic device so that we can isolate cells with high fat content. We also developed SRS imaging technique that has higher imaging speed, which is highly desirable for high throughput cell screening and sorting. Since these cells has similar genome, it must be the transcriptome caused their difference in oil production. We developed a single cell transcriptome sequencing method to study which genes are responsible for elevated oil production. These methods that are developed for this project can easily be applied for many other areas of research. For example, the single transcriptome can be used to study the transcriptomes of other cell types. The high-speed SRS microscopy techniques can be used to speed up chemical imaging for lablefree histology or imaging distribution of chemicals in tissues of live mice or in humans. The developed microfluidic platform can be used to sort other type of cells, e.g., white blood cells for diagnosis of cancer or other blood diseases.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Optimization of Diode Laser System to Treat Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Final Report CRADA No. TSB-1154-95

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a pervasive condition of enlargement of the male prostate gland which leads to several urinary difficulties ranging from hesitancy to incontinence to kidney dysfunction in severe cases. Currently the most common therapy is transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) utilizing an electrosurgical device. Although TURP is largely successful, new BPH therapy methods are desired to reduce the cost and recovery time, improve the success rate, and reduce side effects. Recently, lasers have been introduced for this purpose. Indigo Medical Inc. is currently engaged in the development, testing, and preparation for sales of a new diode laser based BPH therapy system. The development is based on laboratory experiments, animal studies, and a limited FDA-approved clinical trial in the US and in other countries. The addition of sophisticated numerical modeling, of the sort that has been highly developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, can greatly aid in the design of the system and treatment protocol. The benefits to DOE include the maintenance and advancement of numerical modeling expertise in radiation-matter interactions of the sort essential for the stockpile stewardship, inertial confinement fusion, and advanced manufacturing, and the push on advanced scientific computational methods, ultimately in areas such as 3-D transport.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Entity Resolution at Large Scale: Benchmarking and Algorithmics

We seek scalable benchmarks for entity resolution problems. Solutions to these problems range from trivial approaches such as string sorting to sophisticated methods such as statistical relational learning. The theoretical and practical complexity of these approaches varies widely, so one of the primary purposes of a benchmark will be to quantify the trade-off between solution quality and runtime. We are motivated by the ubiquitous nature of entity resolution as a fundamental problem faced by any organization that ingests large amounts of noisy text data. A benchmark is typically a rigid specification that provides an objective measure usable for ranking implementations of an algorithm. For example the Top500 and HPCG500 bench- marks rank supercomputers based on their performance of dense and sparse linear algebra problems (respectively). These two benchmarks require participants to report FLOPS counts attainable on various machines. Our purpose is slightly different. Whereas the supercomputing benchmarks mentioned above hold algorithms constant and aim to rank machines, we are primarily interested in ranking algorithms. As mentioned above, entity resolution problems can be approached in completely different ways. We believe that users of our benchmarks must decide what sort of procedure to run before comparing implementations and architectures. Eventually, we also wish to provide a mechanism for ranking machines while holding algorithmic approach constant . Our primary contributions are parallel algorithms for computing solution quality mea- sures per entity. We find in some real datasets that many entities are quite easy to resolve while others are difficult, with a heavy skew toward the former case. Therefore, measures such as global confusion matrices, F measures, etc. do not meet our benchmarking needs. We design methods for computing solution quality at the granularity of a single entity in order to know when proposed solutions do well in difficult situations (perhaps justifying extra computational), or struggling in easy situations. We report on progress toward a viable benchmark for comparing entity resolution algo- rithms. Our work is incomplete, but we have designed and prototyped several algorithms to help evalute the solution quality of competing approaches to these problems. We envision a benchmark in which the objective measure is a ratio of solution quality to runtime.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Life Cycle Analysis and Life Cycle Costing for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management and Materials Redeployment to Support ARPA-E’s Potential Program on Waste to Energy and Materials

Municipal solid waste infrastructure in the United States contains complex supply chains to transport, sort, and sequester waste. This project developed models to estimate the environmental and economic costs of waste infrastructure in the U.S. using data from several municipalities. Life cycle costing (LCC) models were developed for waste management relevant supply chain steps, including waste collection, sorting, landfilling, waste-to-energy, ash processing, and recycling. A waste-to-materials and energy (WTM&E) life cycle analysis (LCA) and LCC dashboard was developed in collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and an LCC tool was developed for additional analysis.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2023

CrossLink: Geometry API [Slides]

The mesh generation process is very challenging and time consuming when working with complex CAD models. The process of creating and sorting geometric entities into groups appropriate for meshing is labor intensive and prone to error. In addition, the common data exchange formats such as STEP and IGES do not propagate information such as entity names that may be defined in the original model. Finally, entity counts change frequently with parameter variation as a result of tolerance-based geometry operations. Thus, sorting by index does not provide a robust and repeatable means for grouping. xGeom is a geometry library that enables the creation of NURBS curves and surfaces via a python scripting interface. xGeom is ideal for studying relatively simple models and is fully integrated with CrossLink’s mesh generation capabilities. For more complex models, xCAD is a python-based Creo Parametric CAD model driver that enables the model to be generated, queried, parametrically modified, regenerated, and exported without data loss and in a fully repeatable manner.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Multiplexed Probing for Functional Capacity Measurements in Complex and Limited-Size Samples

A new strategy using glass as a solid support for functionalization with chemical probes has been recently developed with successful results. The next step in glass functionalization is to pair chemical probes with fluorescent glass microspheres. This approach gives us a way to directly quantify probe-bound protein using Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS). FACS has already shown to be amendable to glass microspheres, demonstrating changes in probe-bound protein concentration. Suitable probing conditions for gram-positive and negative microbes, complex microbial communities from myriad ecosystems, and eukaryotic cells/tissues have traditionally suffered from set-backs, such as limited protein per sample and conditions atypical for probing. To remedy this, we propose to: (1) Demonstrate probe functionalization specific to glass microspheres by paired fluorophore and use those activity probes successfully with proteomics. Probes that are currently available (CYP5, GSH/GST, Glycoside Hydrolase) can be easily prepared onto glass surfaces. Probe-bound microspheres can be tested in ratios, first with known amounts of purified protein and then complex microbiome lysates. (2) Our validated microspheres are then used to determine quantitative amounts of protein through FACS sorting. Complimenting these results by proteomics, prepared microspheres are then optimized and condensed into a user-friendly kit. Once successfully commercialized, this multiplexed assay can be used with little to no technical expertise, making this available to various industries users.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Development of Genetic Algorithm Based Multi-Objective Plant Reload Optimization Platform

The U.S. nuclear industry is facing a challenge in maintaining required levels of safety while ensuring economic competitiveness to stay in business. Safety remains a key parameter for all aspects of light-water reactor nuclear power plant operations. Safety can become more economical by using a risk-informed ecosystem, such as the one being developed in the Risk-Informed Systems Analysis Pathway under the U.S. Department of Energy Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program. The Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program promotes a wide range of research and development activities to maximize both the safety and economic efficiency of nuclear power plants through improved scientific understanding, especially given that many plants are now considering second license renewals. The Risk-Informed Systems Analysis Pathway has two main goals: Deploy methodologies and technologies that better represent safety margins and cost and safety factors; Develop advanced applications that enable cost-effective plant operations. The Plant Reload Optimization Platform development project aims to build a reactor core design tool that includes reactor safety and fuel performance analyses and uses artificial intelligence to support the optimization of core design solutions. This report summarizes genetic-algorithm-based multi-objective fuel reload optimization activities, specifically: Developing the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II optimizer in the Risk Analysis and Virtual ENviroment (RAVEN); Demonstrating and validating the developed non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II optimizer using benchmark optimization problems.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Highly Efficient Vacuum Smelting of Aluminum

The goal of this SBIR project was to develop and demonstrate an innovative aluminum smelting technology that will significantly increase the range of aluminum alloys that can be manufactured from recycling of scrap aluminum. This will result in reduction of need for primary aluminum with corresponding 95% energy and CO 2 emission benefits. The proposed melting of pre-sorted aluminum alloys using UHV’s patented high throughput sorter funded by ARPA-E METALS program in an energy efficient vacuum furnace avoids the typical 5% metal loss due to oxidation of molten metal. In addition, pre-sorting scrap into different categories (cast, wrought, extrusion and aerospace) allows lower cost production of high value aluminum alloys without the need for adding alloying elements to primary aluminum. During this SBIR project, pure aluminum and several different commercial alloys were procured and melted in a laboratory furnace in vacuum, CH4 and air environments. The slag and oxidation formation were measured using weight and cross-sectional scanning electron microscope. The results otained were mixed and did not show direct correlation between furnace pressure and oxidation. We believe that the results were tainted due to small furnace size and non-uniformity of oxidation layer. A more thorough investigation is required to prove the advantages of vacuum smelting which could not be performed due to the COVID-19 lockdowns during this project. The theoretical fact remains that in the absence of oxygen in the furnace, there should be no oxide after melting, however the team could not prove it experimentally, and thus decided to dis-continue the project.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Single-nuclei transcriptome analysis of IgM+ cells isolated from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) spleen

Catfish production is the primary aquaculture sector in the United States, and the key cultured species is channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The major causes of production losses are pathogenic diseases, and the spleen, an important site of adaptive immunity, is implicated in these diseases. To examine the channel catfish immune system, single-nuclei transcriptomes of sorted and captured IgM + cells were produced from adult channel catfish. Three channel catfish (~1 kg) were euthanized, the spleen dissected, and the tissue dissociated. The lymphocytes were isolated using a Ficoll gradient and IgM + cells were then sorted with flow cytometry. The IgM + cells were lysed and single-nuclei libraries generated using a Chromium Next GEM Single Cell 3’ GEM Kit and the Chromium X Instrument (10x Genomics) and sequenced with the Illumina NovaSeq X Plus sequencer. The reads were aligned to theI. punctatusreference assembly (Coco_2.0) using Cell Ranger, and normalization, cluster analysis, and differential gene expression analysis were carried out with Seurat. Across the three samples, approximately 753.5 million reads were generated for 18,686 cells. After filtering, 10,637 cells remained for the cluster analysis. The cluster analysis identified 16 clusters which were classified as B cells (10,276), natural killer-like (NK-like) cells (178), T cells or natural killer cells (45), hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC)/megakaryocytes (MK) (66), myeloid/epithelial cells (40), and plasma cells (32). The B cell clusters were further defined as different populations of mature B cells, cycling B cells, and plasma cells. The plasma cells highly expressedighmand we demonstrated that the secreted form of the transcript was largely being expressed by these cells. This atlas provides insight into the gene expression of IgM + immune cells in channel catfish. The atlas is publicly available and could be used garner more important information regarding the gene expression of splenic immune cells.

Immunology↗
DOE OSTI2023

BONCAT-FACS-Seq reveals the active fraction of a biocrust community undergoing a wet-up event

Determining which microorganisms are active within soil communities remains a major technical endeavor in microbial ecology research. One promising method to accomplish this is coupling bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) with fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) which sorts cells based on whether or not they are producing new proteins. Combined with shotgun metagenomic sequencing (Seq), we apply this method to profile the diversity and potential functional capabilities of both active and inactive microorganisms in a biocrust community after being resuscitated by a simulated rain event. We find that BONCAT-FACS-Seq is capable of discerning the pools of active and inactive microorganisms, especially within hours of applying the BONCAT probe. The active and inactive components of the biocrust community differed in species richness and composition at both 4 and 21 h after the wetting event. The active fraction of the biocrust community is marked by taxa commonly observed in other biocrust communities, many of which play important roles in species interactions and nutrient transformations. Among these, 11 families within the Firmicutes are enriched in the active fraction, supporting previous reports indicating that the Firmicutes are key early responders to biocrust wetting. We highlight the apparent inactivity of many Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria through 21 h after wetting, and note that members of the Chitinophagaceae, enriched in the active fraction, may play important ecological roles following wetting. Based on the enrichment of COGs in the active fraction, predation by phage and other bacterial members, as well as scavenging and recycling of labile nutrients, appear to be important ecological processes soon after wetting. To our knowledge, this is the first time BONCAT-FACS-Seq has been applied to biocrust samples, and therefore we discuss the potential advantages and shortcomings of coupling metagenomics to BONCAT to intact soil communities such as biocrust. In all, by pairing BONCAT-FACS and metagenomics, we are capable of highlighting the taxa and potential functions that typifies the microbes actively responding to a rain event.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Design of solvent-assisted plastics recycling: Integrated economics and environmental impacts analysis

In 2018, the United States generated over 35. 7 million tons of plastic waste, with only 8.4% being recycled and the other 91.6% incinerated or disposed of in a landfill. The continued growth of the polymer market has raised concerns over the end of life of plastics. Currently, the waste management system is faced with issues of inefficient sorting methods and low-efficiency recycling methods when it comes to plastics recycling. Mechanical recycling is the commonest recycling method but presents a lower-valued recycled material due to the material incompatibilities introduced via the inefficient sorting methods. Chemical recycling offers a promising alternative as it potentially allows for plastics to maintain their original properties. To that end, there is the need to investigate feasible chemical recycling methods to help mitigate the challenging problem posed by plastics at the end-of-life stage. This work proposes a conceptual solvent-assisted plastics recycling framework based on a superstructure optimization approach. This framework is evaluated using a representative case study to recover Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). In this case study, it is found that polymer recovery is both economically and environmentally favorable when compared to traditional methods of disposal such as incineration.

Lehr, Austin L.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Improved Tomographic Binning of 3 × 2 pt Lens Samples: Neural Network Classifiers and Optimal Bin Assignments

Abstract Large imaging surveys, such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time, rely on photometric redshifts and tomographic binning for 3 × 2 pt analyses that combine galaxy clustering and weak lensing. In this paper, we propose a method for optimizing the tomographic binning choice for the lens sample of galaxies. We divide the CosmoDC2 and Buzzard simulated galaxy catalogs into a training set and an application set, where the training set is nonrepresentative in a realistic way, and then estimate photometric redshifts for the application sets. The galaxies are sorted into redshift bins covering equal intervals of redshift or comoving distance, or with an equal number of galaxies in each bin, and we consider a generalized extension of these approaches. We find that bins of equal comoving distance produce the highest dark energy figure of merit of the initial binning choices, but that the choice of bin edges can be further optimized. We then train a neural network classifier to identify galaxies that are either highly likely to have accurate photometric redshift estimates or highly likely to be sorted into the correct redshift bin. The neural network classifier is used to remove poor redshift estimates from the sample, and the results are compared to the case when none of the sample is removed. We find that the neural network classifiers are able to improve the figure of merit by ∼13% and are able to recover ∼25% of the loss in the figure of merit that occurs when a nonrepresentative training sample is used.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Projected Urban Morphology of the Los Angeles Area by the Year 2100

This dataset provides projections of urban building morphologies for the Los Angeles urban area at 30-meter spatial resolution. It contains 192 raster files that detail two primary building attributes: building footprint fractions (ranging from 0 to 1) and average building heights (ranging from 0 to 75 meters). The projections account for a wide range of future pathways, covering two Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP3 and SSP5), two population scenarios, two developed land intensification scenarios, and four distinct levels of intensification. The dataset was created using dual Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) trained on 2015 land cover and building properties from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and Model America datasets. Supporting information on the dataset has been described in the LAUrbanAreaMorphologyProjections2100_README.txt file.

Pandey, Bhartendu↗
NASA NTRS1973

An automated procedure for computing flutter eigenvalues.

A new, fast and economical automated procedure for implementing the traditional V-g method of flutter solution is described. The procedure requires as input the generalized aerodynamic forces for a range of reduced frequencies obtained from an aerodynamic program. These aerodynamic forces are interpolated with respect to reduced frequency using a newly developed, partially tabulated cubic spline that is both fast in execution and economical in storage. The flutter solution is then obtained using an eigenvalue routine that has been developed to take advantage of the parametric nature of the V-g type of solution. Furthermore, the routine takes care of the fundamental and troublesome problem of properly sorting the output eigenvalues. By solving the root-sorting problem, the interpolation for flutter crossings and automatic plotting are accomplished efficiently. The computational techniques used in this new program are described and some sample results are given.

Desmarais, R. N.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Data Management Symposium, Huntsville, Ala., October 18, 19, 1977, Proceedings

The transfer, processing, and use of satellite data are discussed. Topics relating to simulation and processing techniques include computer design assessments through simulation, data system dynamic simulation, and future timing accuracy requirements and procedures for data processing. Subjects relevant to data base management systems and users and their needs include an image-based information system architecture for correlation satellite and topological data base, efficient searching and sorting applications using an associative array processor, analysis of user's needs for a large technical data base, and variable length data formats. The technology development outlook was considered with attention to data systems technology outlook for supporting NASA programs, a user-oriented interactive information extraction system, and flow control and sorting techniques for telemetry packets.

Castelli, A.↗
NASA NTRS1978

HD-SAO-DM cross index

A table of correspondence SAO-HD-DM-GC was prepared by Morin (1973). The machine-readable version of this cross identification was obtained from the Centre de Donnees Stellaires (Strasbourg, France). The table was sorted at the Goddard Space Flight Center by HD number and all blank HD number records were removed to produce the HD-SAO-DM table presented. There were 258997 entries in the original table; there are 180411 entries after removing the blank HD records. The Boss General Catalogue (GC) numbers were retained on the machine-readable version after the sort.

Nagy, T. A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Temporal and spatial variations observed in the ionospheric composition of Venus - Implication for empirical modelling

The distributions of several ion species in a data base obtained by in situ measurements of the thermal ion composition of the ionosphere of Venus by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter have been sorted to identify temporal and spatial variations and determine the feasibility of an analytical representation of the experimental results. The first results from the sorting of several prominent ions including O(+), O2(+), and H(+) and several minor ions including CO2(+), C(+), and H2(+) reveal significant diurnal variations which consist of strong day to night contrast in the ion concentrations, with differences of one to two orders of magnitude, depending upon ion mass and altitude. It is suggested that repeatable day to night gradients in the ion distribution are adaptable to parametric modeling.

Taylor, H. A., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Documentation for the machine-readable AGK3-BD and BD-AGK3 cross-index catalogues

The machine-readable cross identification catalogs were prepared by extracting AGK3 and BD numbers from the magnetic tape version of the AGK3 Catalog. After preparation of the AGK3-BD file, which contains all stars in the AGK3 catalog, the file was sorted according to BD number and rearranged so that the BD number occurs at the beginning of each record. During the sorting operation, all AGK3 stars having no BD numbers were omitted. The BD-AGK3 file is especially useful for finding BD stars in the AGK3 catalog, since precession has moved stars across declination boundaries and it often was necessary to examine more than one AGK3 zone to locate a BD star in the catalog. The contents of the cross index files is described so that users can read and process the tape without problems, guesswork, or consulting the parent catalog.

Warren, W. H., Jr.↗