Penetrating radiations
High energy electromagnetic radiation and energetic particles from sun, galaxies, and nuclear explosions in spacecraft environment
Gaines, E. E.↗
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Results for “Spacecraft environments”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Effects of materials degradation products on man
Human response to inhalation of degradation contaminants in spacecraft environment
Jaffe, R. J.↗
Film study for a star correlator Final report
Photographic recording film evaluation for star field image processing in spacecraft environment and use in star correlator
Hall, W. D.↗
A baseline protocol for personal hygiene
Personal hygiene protocol for man in spacecraft environment
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An artificial gravity performance assessment experiment
Manned earth-orbital missions performance assessment experiments, studying effects of artificial and zero gravity spacecraft environments on humans
Allen, R. E.↗
Toxicology of spacecraft materials
The procedures for determining the toxicity of products outgassed from spacecraft structures are discussed. The test equipment involved in the tests and the criteria for acceptability are described. The use of animals as the final step in determining toxicity of a spacecraft environment is explained.
Harris, E. S.↗
A thermal scale modeling study for Apollo and Apollo applications, volume 2
The development and demonstration of practical thermal scale modeling techniques applicable to systems involving radiation, conduction, and convection with emphasis on cabin atmosphere/cabin wall thermal interface are discussed. The Apollo spacecraft environment is used as the model. Four possible scaling techniques were considered: (1) modified material preservation, (2) temperature preservation, (3) scaling compromises, and Nusselt number preservation. A thermal mathematical model was developed for use with the Nusselt number preservation technique.
Shannon, R. L.↗
Spacecraft sanitation agent development
The development of an effective sanitizing agent that is compatible with the spacecraft environment and the human occupant is discussed. Experimental results show that two sanitation agents must be used to satisfy mission requirements: one agent for personal hygiene and one for equipment maintenance. It was also recommended that a water rinse be used with the agents for best results, and that consideration be given to using the agents pressure packed or in aerosol formulations.
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Advanced ETC/LSS computerized analytical models, CO2 concentration. Volume 1: Summary document
Computer simulations have been prepared for the concepts of C02 concentration which have the potential for maintaining a C02 partial pressure of 3.0 mmHg, or less, in a spacecraft environment. The simulations were performed using the G-189A Generalized Environmental Control computer program. In preparing the simulations, new subroutines to model the principal functional components for each concept were prepared and integrated into the existing program. Sample problems were run to demonstrate the methods of simulation and performance characteristics of the individual concepts. Comparison runs for each concept can be made for parametric values of cabin pressure, crew size, cabin air dry and wet bulb temperatures, and mission duration.
Taylor, B. N.↗
Aerospace vehicle water-waste management
The collection and disposal of human wastes, such as urine and feces, in a spacecraft environment are performed in an aesthetic and reliable manner to prevent degradation of crew performance. The waste management system controls, transfers, and processes materials such as feces, emesis, food residues, used expendables, and other wastes. The requirements, collection, transport, and waste processing are described.
Pecoraro, J. N.↗
Progress in the development of the reverse osmosis process for spacecraft wash water recovery.
Research work on ambient- and pasteurization-temperature reverse osmosis processes for wash water recovery in a spacecraft environment is reviewed, and the advantages and drawbacks of each are noted. A key requirement in each case is to provide a membrane of appropriate stability and semipermeability. Reverse osmosis systems intended for such use must also take into account the specific limitations and requirements imposed by the small volume of water to be processed and the high water recovery desired. The incorporation of advanced high-temperature membranes into specially designed modules is discussed.
Pecoraro, J. N.↗
Spaceflight performance of silver coated FEP Teflon as a thermal control surface on the IMP-1 spacecraft
A second surface mirror type coating, vapor deposited silver on FEP Teflon, was used as a thermal control surface for one of the experiments aboard the Imp-I spacecraft. This coating was selected to obtain the low operating temperature required for this experiment. Initial flight temperature of this thermal control surface was -70.5 C, very close to the predicted value of -73 C and at a very satisfactory level. Since temperatures within the spacecraft interior are not at this desired low level, the detectors had to be mounted exterior to the spacecraft with a good view of space, preferably in an area shaded from sunlight. When this latter preference proved unobtainable, the detectors were mounted on an aluminum plate located on the exterior of the spacecraft, parallel to the spin axis but rotating about the solar vector. The mounting plate was approximately 6.5 inches by 7.5 inches by 0.125 inches thick. To achieve the desired temperature level with the mounting plate in such a location, the thermal design had to minimize not only the effects of the relatively warm spacecraft environment but also the effects of the incident solar energy.
Hoffman, R. H.↗
Study for identification of Beneficial Uses of Space (BUS). Volume 2: Technical report. Book 1: Sections 1 through 4
Consolidated information is presented for the study whose purpose was to identify products, processes, and services to be produced in future spacecraft environments for direct utilization on earth. Discussion of methodology for selecting from among potential space processing approaches, definition of requirements for experiments and tests needed to acquire sufficient knowledge for proof testing of selected processes, formulation of research and development schedules to achieve proof testing, and documentation of the decision processes involved in the programs are presented. Technology and programmatics are reported for the following select studies: (1) surface acoustic wave components; (2) transparent oxides; (3) high purity tungsten X-ray targets; and (4) high specificity isoenzymes.
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Analytics of crystal growth in space
Two crystal growth processes considered for spacelab experiments were studied to anticipate and understand phenomena not ordinarily encountered on earth. Computer calculations were performed on transport processes in floating zone melting and on growth of a crystal from solution in a spacecraft environment. Experiments intended to simulate solution growth at micro accelerations were performed.
Wilcox, W. R.↗
Apollo 17 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment (S-169)
The scientific objectives of the ultraviolet spectrometer experiment are discussed, along with design and operational details, instrument preparation and performance, and scientific results. Information gained from the experiment is given concerning the lunar atmosphere and albedo, zodiacal light, astronomical observations, spacecraft environment, and the distribution of atomic hydrogen in the solar system and in the earth's atmosphere.
Fastie, W. G.↗
Electrets and their application in contamination studies
Data are presented on the surface charge of many different types of electrets formed by several different techniques. Results are presented on the investigation of electrets as pollution control devices for their possible use in the control of a spacecraft environment.
Pillai, P., K.c.↗
GEOS-C C-band transponder prelaunch calibration and test data
The delay characteristics and spacecraft telemetry housekeeping data for the GEOS-C C-Band transponders are presented. The data are presented in graphical form to provide a convenient method for computing radar range measurement corrections as a function of signal strength at the transponder and spacecraft environment. The data are also presented in tabular form along with the mathematical models used to derive the curves. Also included are a list of the operating characteristics of each transponder and a description of the calibration test equipment set-up.
Selser, A. R.↗
Evaluation of satellites and remote sensors for atmospheric pollution measurements
An approach to the development of a prioritized list of scientific goals in atmospheric research is provided. The results of the analysis are used to estimate the contribution of various spacecraft/remote sensor combinations for each of several important constituents of the stratosphere. The evaluation of the combinations includes both single-instrument and multiple-instrument payloads. Attention was turned to the physical and chemical features of the atmosphere as well as the performance capability of a number of atmospheric remote sensors. In addition, various orbit considerations were reviewed along with detailed information on stratospheric aerosols and the impact of spacecraft environment on the operation of the sensors.
Carmichael, J.↗