Results for “Systems Engineer” — Page 15

DOE OSTI2023

IDAES-PSE 2.3.0 Release

The Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems (IDAES) Integrated Platform is a versatile computational environment offering extensive process systems engineering (PSE) capabilities for optimizing the design and operation of complex, interacting technologies and systems. IDAES enables users to efficiently search vast, complex design spaces to discover the lowest cost, most environmentally sustainable solutions while supporting the full process modeling lifecycle, from conceptual design to dynamic optimization and control. The extensible, open platform empowers users to create models of novel processes and rapidly develop custom analyses, workflows, and end-user applications.. New Features and Models • New diagnostics toolboxes and examples o Tutorial for using the DiagnosticsToolbox o Methods to identify potential evaluation errors in models o SVDToolbox for performing singular value decomposition analysis on models to identify possible degeneracies and poor scaling o DegeneracyHunter for identifying irreducible degenerate sets in models • Model for solid-liquid separation which takes two inputs (solid and liquid streams) and produces three outlets (solids, liquid entrained with solids and pure liquid) • Example of temperature swing adsorption in models_extra Deprecation Warnings • With the update to Pyomo 6.7.0, the plate heat exchanger model has begun failing tests on some CI platforms. If this is not addressed by the February release, this model may be removed due to failing tests. See #1294. Offers to help identify the cause and fix this issue are welcome. Improvements and bug fixes • Fixed oversight which precluded using Mixer and Separator models when inherent reactions were present in property package • Added reporting methods to the MSContactor model • Minor corrections in some examples where values were being fixed outside of declared variable bounds

DiagnosticsToolbox,IDAES,PSE,Process Systems Engin↗

DOE OSTI2024

IDAES-PSE 2.4.0 Release

The Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems (IDAES) Integrated Platform is a versatile computational environment offering extensive process systems engineering (PSE) capabilities for optimizing the design and operation of complex, interacting technologies and systems. IDAES enables users to efficiently search vast, complex design spaces to discover the lowest cost, most environmentally sustainable solutions while supporting the full process modeling lifecycle, from conceptual design to dynamic optimization and control. The extensible, open platform empowers users to create models of novel processes and rapidly develop custom analyses, workflows, and end-user applications.. Deprecations • Convergence Analysis tool (idaes/core/util/convergence): deprecated in favor of new Parameter Sweep tools. To be removed in v3.0.0. New Beta Capabilities • Parameter Sweep Tool (idaes.core.util.parameter_sweep) o A new API for defining and performing parameter sweep studies on IDAES models has been developed • Diagnostics Tools (idaes.core.util.model_diagnostics) o New methods for identifying duplicate variables and constraints have been added to the diagnostics toolbox o New tools for detecting ill conditioning in Jacobians have been developed and are available in the model_diagnostics module. These provide alternatives to the existing DegeneracyHunter toolbox, and will eventually be merged with this capability, but initial working versions have been provided as beta capabilities for interested users o IpoptConvergenceAnalysis (replaces deprecated Convergence Analysis tool):  A new tool for performing convergence analysis studies that leverages the new Parameter Sweep tools has been developed. This tool allows users to define the input parameters to their model and sampling methods for these (leveraging Pysmo's sampling tools) and to then solve their model across the sampled domains and return a summary of the solver performance (IPOPT only) Improved Models • Thickener model (idaes.models.unit_models.solid_liquid.thickener) o Improved model to include predictive correlations for unit sizing based on settling velocity measurements (steady-state only) • Modular Property Packages o Added general support for calculating critical properties of mixtures using defined Equation of State modules. New API defined for Equation of State modules in order to define the necessary constraints for calculating critical properties (most EoS modules DO NOT support calculation of critical properties (yet)) o Added new methods to Cubic Equation of State module to support calculation of critical properties

DiagnosticsToolbox↗

DOE OSTI2024

IDAES-PSE 2.5.0 Release

The Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems (IDAES) Integrated Platform is a versatile computational environment offering extensive process systems engineering (PSE) capabilities for optimizing the design and operation of complex, interacting technologies and systems. IDAES enables users to efficiently search vast, complex design spaces to discover the lowest cost, most environmentally sustainable solutions while supporting the full process modeling lifecycle, from conceptual design to dynamic optimization and control. The extensible, open platform empowers users to create models of novel processes and rapidly develop custom analyses, workflows, and end-user applications. IDAES-PSE 2.5.0 Release Highlights Upcoming Changes IDAES will be switching to the new Pyomo solver interface in the next release. Whilst this will hopefully be a smooth transition for most users, there are a few important changes to be aware of. The new solver interface uses a different version of the IPOPT writer (“ipopt_v2”) and thus any custom configuration options you might have set for IPOPT will not carry over and will need to be reset. By default, the new Pyomo linear presolver will be activated with ipopt_v2. Whilst are working to identify any bugs in the presolver, it is possible that some edge cases will remain. IDAES will begin deploying a new set of scaling tools and APIs over the next few releases that make use of the new solver writers. The old scaling tools and APIs will remain for backward compatibility but will begin to be deprecated. New Models, Tools and Features New diagnostics check for near-parallel variables and constraints. New diagnostics tools for identifying causes of infeasibility in models. New example for creating a custom model of a liquid-liquid extractor unit operation. Bug Fixes Fixed bug in Gibbs reactor that caused it to appear to have additional spurious degrees of freedom. Fixed bug in the Modular Property Framework that would cause errors when trying to use phase-based material balances with phase equilibria. Fixed bug in Modular Properties Framework that caused errors when initializing models with non-vapor-liquid phase equilibria. Testing and Robustness Deployed the IDAES Diagnostics Toolbox to confirm that there are no structural or numerical issues in the core model libraries. Additional robustness tests for core model, and some associated improvements in the converge tester class. Fixed a number of issues that were causing unexpected warnings to be emitted during testing. Deprecations and Removals Removed examples for RIPE tool which has not been supported for a number of releases.

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DOE OSTI2024

IDAES-PSE 2.6.0 Release

The Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems (IDAES) Integrated Platform is a versatile computational environment offering extensive process systems engineering (PSE) capabilities for optimizing the design and operation of complex, interacting technologies and systems. IDAES enables users to efficiently search vast, complex design spaces to discover the lowest cost solutions while supporting the full process modeling lifecycle, from conceptual design to dynamic optimization and control. The extensible, open platform empowers users to create models of novel processes and rapidly develop custom analyses, workflows, and end-user applications. IDAES-PSE 2.6.0 Release Highlights Upcoming Changes IDAES will be switching to the new Pyomo solver interface in the next release. Whilst this will hopefully be a smooth transition for most users, there are a few important changes to be aware of. The new solver interface uses a different version of the IPOPT writer (“ipopt_v2”) and thus any custom configuration options you might have set for IPOPT will not carry over and will need to be reset. By default, the new Pyomo linear presolver will be activated with ipopt_v2. Whilst are working to identify any bugs in the presolver, it is possible that some edge cases will remain. IDAES will begin deploying a new set of scaling tools and APIs over the next few releases that make use of the new solver writers. The old scaling tools and APIs will remain for backward compatibility but will begin to be deprecated. New Models, Tools and Features New Intersphinx extension automatically linking Jupyter notebook examples to project documentation New end-to-end diagnostics example demonstrated on a real problem New complementarity formulation for VLE with cubic equations of state, backward compatibility for old formulation New solver interface with presolve (ipopt_v2) in support of upcoming changes to the initialization and APIs methods, with default set to ipopt to maintain backwards compatibility; this will deprecate once all examples have been updated New forecaster and parameterized bidder methods within grid integration library Updated surrogates API and examples to support Keras 3, with backwards compatibility for older formats such as TensorFlow SavedModel (TFSM) Updated costing base dictionary to include the 2023 cost year index value Updated ProcessBlock to include information on the constructing block class Updated Flowsheet Visualizer to allow visualize() method to return value and functions Bug Fixes Fixed bug in the Modular Property Framework that would cause errors when trying to use phase-based material balances with phase equilibria. Fixed bug in Modular Properties Framework that caused errors when initializing models with non-vapor-liquid phase equilibria. Fixed typos flagged by June update to crate-ci/typos and removed DMF-related exceptions Minor corrections of units of measurement handling in power plant waste/transport costing expressions, control volume material holdup expressions, and BTX property package parameters Fixed throwing >7500 numpy deprecation warnings by replacing scalar value assignment with element extraction and item iteration calls Testing and Robustness Migrated slow tests (>10s) to integration, impacting test coverage but also yielding a nearly 30% decrease in local test runtime Pinned pint to avoid issues with older supported Python versions Pinned codecov versions to avoid tokenless upload behavior with latest version Bumped extensions to version 3.4.2 to allow pointing to non-standard install location Deprecations and Removals Python 3.8 is no longer supported. The supported Python versions are 3.9 through 3.12 The Data Management Framework (DMF) is no longer supported. Importing idaes.core.dmf will cause a deprecation warning to be displayed until the next release The SOFC Keras surrogates have been removed. The current version of the SOFC surrogate model in the examples repository is a PySMO Kriging model.

AS↗

DOE OSTI2024

IDAES-PSE 2.7.0 Release

The Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems (IDAES) Integrated Platform is a versatile computational environment offering extensive process systems engineering (PSE) capabilities for optimizing the design and operation of complex, interacting technologies and systems. IDAES enables users to efficiently search vast, complex design spaces to discover the lowest cost solutions while supporting the full process modeling lifecycle, from conceptual design to dynamic optimization and control. The extensible, open platform empowers users to create models of novel processes and rapidly develop custom analyses, workflows, and end-user applications. IDAES-PSE 2.7.0 Release Highlights New features: AutoScaler and CustomScalerBase classes: Such tools are the core of the new scaling framework being implemented in IDAES. Wider adoption of scaling tools among users will result in quicker and more robust model solutions. Scaler for equilibrium reactor and saponification properties: These scaler models are examples to follow for how to use the new scaling tools. ONNX Surrogate support from Optimization & Machine Learning Toolkit (OMLT): ONNX is an open standard format to save and load ML/AI models that is widely supported by all major frameworks. This capability makes it easier for IDAES users to create surrogate models and use them without having to support each framework individually. 1D Membrane Model for CO2 Capture and Utilization: Supports ongoing efforts for modeling and optimizing polymer membrane processes for CO2 capture and conversion into formic acid. StreamScaler unit model: Unrelated to the CustomScalerBase, this unit model allows a stream’s extensive variables to be scaled by a fixed factor. This allows streams being processed by multiple units in parallel to be scaled down to unit scale and scaled back up to process scale. Bug fixes or improvements: Scaling, EoS, Diagnostics tool, Modular Properties, tests & documentation Deprecations: Old Cubic EoS

AS↗

DOE OSTI2025

IDAES-PSE 2.8.0 Release

The Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems (IDAES) Integrated Platform is a versatile computational environment offering extensive process systems engineering (PSE) capabilities for optimizing the design and operation of complex, interacting technologies and systems. IDAES enables users to efficiently search vast, complex design spaces to discover the lowest cost solutions while supporting the full process modeling lifecycle, from conceptual design to dynamic optimization and control. The extensible, open platform empowers users to create models of novel processes and rapidly develop custom analyses, workflows, and end-user applications.

AS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Cyber-Informed Engineering Validation Methods and Guidance

Validation is an important step in any systems engineering process to ensure the correct system was made to fulfill stakeholders’ needs, goals, and expectations. In the context of Cyber-Informed Engineering (CIE), validation ensures cyber impact is reduced through implemented design choices and CIE requirements. This document details a process in validating CIE-based design choices relative to their effectiveness at mitigating high consequence events. The document includes a case study to illustrate the CIE validation process. The case study explores the implementation of CIE validation within the engineering lifecycle of a chemical mixing plant.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2022

Engine and fuel cell system including first and second turbochargers

An engine system includes an internal combustion engine, a fuel cell system, a first turbocharger and a second turbocharger. The internal combustion engine has an intake passage, and a first exhaust passage fluidly connected to the first set of combustion chambers. The first turbocharger has a first compressor and a first turbine. The second turbocharger has a second compressor and a second turbine, the second compressor connected in series with the first compressor, and the second turbine being in fluid communication with the second exhaust passage. The first and second turbines are connected in parallel such that the first turbine only receives exhaust flow from the fuel cell system, and the second turbine only receives exhaust flow from the internal combustion engine.

Lusardi, Christopher↗

DOE OSTI2021

High performance protonic ceramic fuel cell systems for distributed power generation

The technology landscape around distributed generation continues to evolve in response to increasing demand for high-efficiency, low-emission, low-cost power generation. While emerging distributed power technologies, such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), continue to advance, they still face challenges due to their high capital costs, and shorter lifetimes that typically arise from electrochemical stack performance degradation at high operating temperatures (>750 °C). Recent advancements in protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) offer the potential to mitigate drawbacks of their higher temperature SOFC counterparts by enabling lower operating temperatures (550 °C–600 °C) with acceptable power densities. Here the present work leverages the recent progress in protonic ceramic cell and stack technology development to generate viable system configurations and evaluate the energetic performance potential of PCFC-based systems for stationary power generation. Process system engineering of two water-neutral system concepts, which provide 25 kW of electric power and process hot water, are presented and evaluated through sensitivity studies. Stack design parameters are altered and used to gauge the effect on system performance characteristics, including fuel cell stack and balance-of-plant sizing requirements, and electric and cogeneration efficiencies. The study finds that the potentially high per-pass fuel utilization capability of PCFC stacks could enable unprecedented electric efficiencies approaching 70% without hybridization with other prime movers.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

DOE OSTI2024

Coprecipitation of Fe/Cr Hydroxides at Organic–Water Interfaces: Functional Group Richness and (De)protonation Control Amounts and Compositions of Coprecipitates

Iron/chromium hydroxide coprecipitation controls the fate and transport of toxic chromium (Cr) in many natural and engineered systems. Organic coatings on soil and engineered surfaces are ubiquitous; however, mechanistic controls of these organic coatings over Fe/Cr hydroxide coprecipitation are poorly understood. Here, Fe/Cr hydroxide coprecipitation was conducted on model organic coatings of humic acid (HA), sodium alginate (SA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The organics bonded with SiO 2 through ligand exchange with carboxyl (-COOH), and the adsorbed amounts and pK(a) values of -COOH controlled surface charges of coatings. The adsorbed organic films also had different complexation capacities with Fe/Cr ions and Fe/Cr hydroxide particles, resulting in significant differences in both the amount (on HA > SA(-COOH) >> BSA(-NH 2 )) and composition (Cr/Fe molar ratio: on BSA(-NH2) >> HA > SA(-COOH)) of heterogeneous precipitates. Negatively charged -COOH attracted more Fe ions and oligomers of hydrolyzed Fe/Cr species and subsequently promoted heterogeneous precipitation of Fe/Cr hydroxide nanoparticles. Organic coatings containing -NH 2 were positively charged at acidic pH because of the high pK(a) value of the functional group, limiting cation adsorption and formation of coprecipitates. Meanwhile, the higher local pH near the -NH 2 coatings promoted the formation of Cr(OH) 3 . Finally, this study advances fundamental understanding of heterogeneous Fe/Cr hydroxide coprecipitation on organics, which is essential for successful Cr remediation and removal in both natural and engineered settings, as well as the synthesis of Cr-doped iron (oxy)hydroxides for material applications.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2020

HAZARD ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL ENGINEERED SAFETY FEATURES ACTUATION SYSTEM IN ADVANCED NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS USING A REDUNDANCY-GUIDED APPROACH

Replacing the existing aging analog instrumentation and control (I&C) systems with modern safety control and protection digital technology offers one of the foremost means of performance improvements and cost reductions for the existing nuclear power plants (NPPs). However, the qualification of digital I&C systems remains a challenge, especially considering the issue of software common-cause failures (CCFs), which are difficult to address. With the application and upgrades of advanced digital I&C systems, software CCFs have become a potential threat to plant safety because most redundant designs use similar digital platforms or software in the operating and application systems. With complex designs of multilayer redundancy to meet the single-failure criterion, digital I&C safety systems (e.g., engineered safety-features actuation system [ESFAS]) are of a particular concern in the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) licensing procedures. This paper applies a modularized approach to conduct redundancy-guided systems-theoretic hazard analysis for an advanced digital ESFAS with multilevel redundancy designs. Systematic methods and risk-informed tools are incorporated to address both hardware and software CCFs, which provide guidance to eliminate the triggers of potential single points of failure in the design of digital safety systems in advanced plant designs.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2020

System Modeling Frameworks for Wind Turbines and Plants

This presentation was given at the Wind Energy Systems Engineering Workshop.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2021

A Hybrid Heavy-Duty Diesel Power System for Off-Road Applications - Concept Definition

A multi-year Power System R&D project was initiated with the objective of developing an off-road hybrid heavy-duty concept diesel engine with front end accessory drive-integrated energy storage. This off-road hybrid engine system is expected to deliver 15-20% reduction in fuel consumption over current Tier 4 Final-based diesel engines and consists of a downsized heavy-duty diesel engine containing advanced combustion technologies, capable of elevated peak cylinder pressures and thermal efficiencies, exhaust waste heat recovery via SuperTurbo™ turbocompounding, and hybrid energy recovery through both mechanical (high speed flywheel) and electrical systems. The first year of this project focused on the definition of the hybrid elements using extensive dynamic system simulation over transient work cycles, with hybrid supervisory controls development focusing on energy recovery and transient load assist, in Caterpillar’s DYNASTY™ software environment. Three key off-road applications were the focus of the hybrid concept definition with an aim of understanding the system’s modular capability for the diverse off-road heavy-duty market. Core engine performance 1D and 3D simulations isolated the efficiency contributions from the downsized engine, turbocompounding, and in-cylinder thermal barrier coatings. A fuel consumption improvement range of 14 to 24% was predicted, resulting in successful project progression to the design and experimental validation phase. Furthermore, an overview of the experimental engine and hybrid system status concludes the discussion along with the multi-year project’s next steps.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Prototype Development for MBSE-Driven Digital Environment at Fermilab

Complex projects like Fermilab s accelerators and detectors involve thousands of interdependent components and requirements, making traditional documentation hard to keep consistent and often causing rework. Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) tackles this by representing the system as a digital, queryable model. While widely used in aerospace and safety-critical industries, MBSE adoption has been limited elsewhere due to steep learning curves and high costs. This project investigates how a web-first, low-code MBSE stack can reduce those barriers and offer an accessible, unified source of truth for engineers and physicists.

Valle, Diego Pedro (ORCID:0009000865900663)↗

DOE OSTI2024

Development and Demonstration of Advanced Engine and Vehicle Technologies For Class 8 Heavy Duty Vehicle (Supertruck II)

The PACCAR SuperTruck II program has completed the planned technical work on the project. This work includes the planned vehicle demonstrator showing a greater than 100% improvement in vehicle freight efficiency (on a ton-mile-per-gallon basis) relative to a 2009 baseline, and an engine system demonstration achieving a greater than 55% engine brake thermal efficiency at a 65-mph cruise point on a dynamometer. Both program targets were exceeded by PACCAR with robust margins. Finally, PACCAR used technologies that have a possible route to production, with no specialty or unrealistic solutions proposed.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

DOE OSTI2020

Hydrogen Storage System Modeling: Public Access, Maintenance, and Enhancements

This presentation summarizes the Fiscal Year 2020 status and accomplishments for the Hydrogen Storage System Modeling project, a collaborative effort to manage, update, and enhance hydrogen storage system models developed under the Hydrogen Storage Engineering Center of Excellence (HSECoE). The project goal is to provide validated modeling tools that will be used by researchers to evaluate the performance of their new materials in engineered systems relative to the DOE technical targets.

AMR↗

DOE OSTI2026

Grid Architecture Mapping to Understand Transformation (GAMUT): Methods and Framework Architecture

Grid architecture (GA) is a concept that was developed to address the need for a comprehensive view of power grid challenges. GA can be viewed as a relatively consistent and fixed high-level approach; however, for any instantiation of grid structures, a combinatorial explosion results from each lower-layer expansion. This constitutes the main challenge with GA—it is a grid architect’s view of the system, which might not be very informative at the implementation level. Grid Architecture Mapping to Understand Transformation (GAMUT project) seeks to bridge that gap by integrating subject matter expertise across GA structures, providing users who lack expertise in GA approaches with valuable insights and informational materials. GAMUT seeks to answer feasibility questions for the approach. System-level expectations are that a GA baseline needs to be established in order for GA to be the common framework to which any lower layer approach is tied. This report explores a potential information ingestion and documentation framework to support GAMUT. The main concepts that enable the solution domain of GAMUT are discussed, and examples are provided. The solution domain leverages already-existing technology and concepts related to GA, knowledge management, and other relevant areas. To assess GAMUT building blocks and the overall approach, a feasibility assessment is proposed, rooted in systems engineering and GA architecture evaluation concepts.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2024

Cyber Risk Considerations for Nuclear Digital I&C Systems

Many engineers and scientists researching modeling and analysis methods for nuclear energy advancement are focused on proof-of-concept and early-stage development for new reactor designs. Since instrumentation and control (I&C) systems are traditionally developed later in the systems engineering lifecycle, researchers may be unfamiliar with modern digital technology used in these I&C systems. It is even more likely that they are unfamiliar with the cyber risks associated with them. This paper provides a brief overview of nuclear digital I&C systems before examining the importance of cyber risk management at nuclear reactors and the benefits of including Cyber-Informed Engineering throughout the systems engineering lifecycle. The primary goal is for engineers and scientists to develop a mindset that incorporates cybersecurity as another discipline alongside safety when designing and developing new technologies, regardless of technology readiness level.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗