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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 271 records · Page 15
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NASA NTRS1981

Modifying Stokes' function to reduce the error of geoid undulation computations

Errors in computations of the geoid undulation, which determines the position of the geoid with respect to a reference ellipsoid, introduced by various modifications of the Stokes' function in the Stokes integral formula for the undulation are examined in light of currently available harmonic coefficients. The variants considered include the conventional Molodenskii truncation theory, in which integration is limited to a spherical cap, and the variations suggested by Molodenskii (1958) and Meissl (1971). In computations of the undulation from gravity anomalies in a spherical cap and terrestrial and satellite harmonic potential coefficients (GEM 9 and GEM 10B), it is shown that either of the modifications to the conventional Molodenskii theory results in substantial reductions in truncation errors, with the simpler modification of Meissl even providing superior results in certain circumstances.

Jekeli, C.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Secular variations in composition of the solar wind - Evidence and causes

Variations in the composition of the regolith due to irradiation by the solar wind are examined by categorizing the exposure history recorded in each sample. The history can be defined by two parameters: the duration of solar wind exposure (maturity) and a measure of how long the exposure took place (antiquity). Three partially successful methods for determining antiquity are described: the regolith contains small amounts of unsupported, trapped radiogenic noble gases, the most common being Ar-40. Assuming relatively prompt outgassing of the lunar interior, the amount of Ar-40 implanted per unit time should be proportional to the lunar content of K-40, and thus should have decayed exponentially over the lifetime of the moon. Normalization to constant exposure duration is achieved by taking the ratio Ar-40/Ar-36 in trapped gas, Ar-36 being an efficiently trapped solar wind species. The second method involves the interaction between galactic cosmic rays and lunar material producing certain spallogenic nuclides which may be analyzed in terms of a cosmic ray exposure age. The third method deals with the fact that there is a general tendency for depth within a core to be related to time deposition; two variants of this method are presented.

Kerridge, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Optical Spatial integration methods for ambiguity function generation

A coherent optical spatial integration approach to ambiguity function generation is described. It uses one dimensional acousto-optic Bragg cells as input tranducers in conjunction with a space variant linear phase shifter, a passive optical element, to generate the two dimensional ambiguity function in one exposure. Results of a real time implementation of this system are shown.

Tamura, P. N.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Predesign study for a modern 4-bladed rotor for the NASA rotor systems research aircraft

Trade-off study results and the rationale for the final selection of an existing modern four-bladed rotor system that can be adapted for installation on the Rotor Systems Research Aircraft (RSRA) are reported. The results of the detailed integration studies, parameter change studies, and instrumentation studies and the recommended plan for development and qualification of the rotor system is also given. Its parameter variants, integration on the RSRA, and support of ground and flight test programs are also discussed.

Bishop, H. E.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Development of a surface panel measurement system

Reflector measurement systems are studied in support of the reshaping of the 34 meter antenna at Goldstone. The requirements for measurement systems are presented. A survey is made of the surface errors of existing antennas. Reflector measurement systems are divided into three categories and representative examples of each category are illustrated and discussed. Parametric error analyses are made of selected optical systems. The existing measurement method using a theodolite at the vertex is retained. A method using a theodolite on the RF cone is a possible variant.

Jones, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1982

V/STOL Tandem Fan transition section model test

An approximately 0.25 scale model of the transition section of a tandem fan variable cycle engine nacelle was tested in the NASA Lewis Research Center 10-by-10 foot wind tunnel. Two 12-inch, tip-turbine driven fans were used to simulate a tandem fan engine. Three testing modes simulated a V/STOL tandem fan airplane. Parallel mode has two separate propulsion streams for maximum low speed performance. A front inlet, fan, and downward vectorable nozzle forms one stream. An auxilliary top inlet provides air to the aft fan - supplying the core engine and aft vectorable nozzle. Front nozzle and top inlet closure, and removal of a blocker door separating the two streams configures the tandem fan for series mode operations as a typical aircraft propulsion system. Transition mode operation is formed by intermediate settings of the front nozzle, blocker door, and top inlet. Emphasis was on the total pressure recovery and flow distortion at the aft fan face. A range of fan flow rates were tested at tunnel airspeeds from 0 to 240 knots, and angles-of-attack from -10 to 40 deg for all three modes. In addition to the model variables for the three modes, model variants of the top inlet were tested in the parallel mode only. These lip variables were: aft lip boundary layer bleed holes, and Three position turning vane. Also a bellmouth extension of the top inlet side lips was tested in parallel mode.

Simpkin, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Verification of land cover maps from LANDSAT data

The application of cluster sampling to verifying the accuracy of maps derived from digital data is discussed. Variants of the cluster sampling technique were used in large scale assessments for areas in excess of one million hectares. Three types of classification errors are possible: commission errors, omission errors, and overall error classification. Commission errors for a particular cover type occur when pixels are classified as that cover type but are found to be some other cover type when the field is checked. Omission errors occur when pixels of fields already visited and known to be of a particular cover type, are classified as some other cover type. Overall error is the proportion of pixels incorrectly classified, without regard to omission or commission. Since the classified image represents the sampling frame, sampling for accuracy assessment was designed to estimate commission error. However, the sample can also provide useful estimates of omission and overall error. Assessment for Alaska, Arizona, and Oklahoma are presented.

Linden, D. S.↗
NASA NTRS1981

The current status of REH theory

A response is made to the evaluation of Fitch (1980) of REH (random evolutionary hits) theory for the evolutionary divergence of proteins and nucleic acids. Correct calculations for the beta hemoglobin mRNAs of the human, mouse and rabbit in the absence and presence of selective constraints are summarized, and it is shown that the alternative evolutionary analysis of Fitch underestimates the total fixed mutations. It is further shown that the model used by Fitch to test for the completeness of the count of total base substitutions is in fact a variant of REH theory. Considerations of the variance inherent in evolutionary estimations are also presented which show the REH model to produce no more variance than other evolutionary models. In the reply, it is argued that, despite the objections raised, REH theory applied to proteins gives inaccurate estimates of total gene substitutions. It is further contended that REH theory developed for nucleic sequences suffers from problems relating to the frequency of nucleotide substitutions, the identity of the codons accepting silent and amino acid-changing substitutions, and estimate uncertainties.

Holmquist, R.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Formation of the O I resonance triplet and intercombination doublet in the solar chromosphere

Spectrum synthesis calculations are presented for the O I resonance triplet at 1304 A and the intercombination doublet at 1358 A for the solar atmosphere and several variants, allowing for triplet fluorescence by the Ly-beta emission of H I. Profiles, synthesized from a seven-level plus continuum O I atom are compared to observations taken with the high-resolution spectrometer on OSO 8. It is found that the O I triplet emission is dominated by the Ly-beta fluorescence and that the agreement between observations and profiles computed with current chromospheric models is much improved over earlier studies.

Skelton, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Effects of fiber/matrix interactions on the properties of graphite/epoxy composites

A state-of-the-art literature review of the interactions between fibers and resin within graphite epoxy composite materials was performed. Emphasis centered on: adhesion theory; wetting characteristics of carbon fiber; load transfer mechanisms; methods to evaluate and measure interfacial bond strengths; environmental influence at the interface; and the effect of the interface/interphase on composite performance, with particular attention to impact toughness. In conjunction with the literature review, efforts were made to design experiments to study the wetting behavior of carbon fibers with various finish variants and their effect on adhesion joint strength. The properties of composites with various fiber finishes were measured and compared to the base-line properties of a control. It was shown that by tailoring the interphase properties, a 30% increase in impact toughness was achieved without loss of mechanical properties at both room and elevated temperatures.

Mcmahon, P. E.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Mount St. Helens related aerosol properties from solar extinction measurements

A network of solar radiometers, operated on the North American Continent for an average of 2 years before the first major eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, continues to collect direct solar data through the eruptive phase of this volcano. The radiometers collect spectral data through 12 interference filters spanning the sensitivity of the photodiode used as detector. The data are collected every 5 minutes in seven filters and every 15 minutes in five additional filters. A variant of the classical Langley method has been used to measure the optical depth of the aerosols as a function of wavelength. The network, which is the nearest station, is located some 180 kilometers east of the volcano, well within range of noticeable effects during much of the minor as well as major activity. The wavelength dependence of the aerosol-optical depth before and after the 22 July 1980 major eruption, which was well characterized because of favorable meteorological conditions is discussed.

Michalsky, J. J.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Assessment of turbulent models for scramjet flowfields

The behavior of several turbulence models applied to the prediction of scramjet combustor flows is described. These models include the basic two equation model, the multiple dissipation length scale variant of the two equation model, and the algebraic stress model (ASM). Predictions were made of planar backward facing step flows and axisymmetric sudden expansion flows using each of these approaches. The formulation of each of these models are discussed, and the application of the different approaches to supersonic flows is described. A modified version of the ASM is found to provide the best prediction of the planar backward facing step flow in the region near the recirculation zone, while the basic ASM provides the best results downstream of the recirculation. Aspects of the interaction of numerica modeling and turbulences modeling as they affect the assessment of turbulence models are discussed.

Sindir, M. M.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Interactive Management and Updating of Spatial Data Bases

The decision making process, whether for power plant siting, load forecasting or energy resource planning, invariably involves a blend of analytical methods and judgement. Management decisions can be improved by the implementation of techniques which permit an increased comprehension of results from analytical models. Even where analytical procedures are not required, decisions can be aided by improving the methods used to examine spatially and temporally variant data. How the use of computer aided planning (CAP) programs and the selection of a predominant data structure, can improve the decision making process is discussed.

French, P.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Ultrastructure of the root cap of Arabidopsis Thaliana L. Heynh under spaceflight conditions

Peculiarities of the ultrastructural organization of Arabidopsis root cap cells grown from the stage of two cotyledonous leaves in the Svetoblok-1 apparatus aboard the Salyut 6 research orbital station and in the laboratory are assessed. It is established that under conditions of real space flight vacuolization of the root cap cells increses considerably compared to the control variant. Changes in the topography and ulstrastructure of amyloplasts as well as lysis of cell walls are observed in the material under study. An assumption is advanced on analogous cell responses observed at the ultrastructural level to weightlessness and clinostatic conditions.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1983

Phosphorus-containing imide resins

Bis- and tris-imides derived from tris (m-aminophenyl) phosphine oxides by reaction with maleic anhydride or its derivatives, and addition polymers of such imides, including a variant in which a mono-imide is condensed with a dianhydride and the product is treated with a further quantity of maleic anhydride. Such monomers or their oligomes may be used to impregnate fibers and fabrics which when cured, are flame resistant. Also an improved method of producing tris (m-aminophenyl) phosphine oxides from the nitro analogues by reduction with hydrazine hydrate using palladized charcoal or Raney nickel as the catalyst is described.

Varma, I. K.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Some aspects of wind tunnel magnetic suspension systems with special application at large physical scales

Wind tunnel magnetic suspension and balance systems (MSBSs) have so far failed to find application at the large physical scales necessary for the majority of aerodynamic testing. Three areas of technology relevant to such application are investigated. Two variants of the Spanwise Magnet roll torque generation scheme are studied. Spanwise Permanent Magnets are shown to be practical and are experimentally demonstrated. Extensive computations of the performance of the Spanwise Iron Magnet scheme indicate powerful capability, limited principally be electromagnet technology. Aerodynamic testing at extreme attitudes is shown to be practical in relatively conventional MSBSs. Preliminary operation of the MSBS over a wide range of angles of attack is demonstrated. The impact of a requirement for highly reliable operation on the overall architecture of Large MSBSs is studied and it is concluded that system cost and complexity need not be seriously increased.

Britcher, C. P.↗
NASA NTRS1981

A model for simulation and processing of radar images

A model for recording, processing, presentation, and analysis of radar images in digital form is presented. The observed image is represented as having two random components, one which models the variation due to the coherent addition of electromagnetic energy scattered from different objects in the illuminated areas. This component is referred to as fading. The other component is a representation of the terrain variation which can be described as the actual signal which the radar is attempting to measure. The combination of these two components provides a description of radar images as being the output of a linear space-variant filter operating on the product of the fading and terrain random processes. In addition, the model is applied to a digital image processing problem using the design and implementation of enhancement scene. Finally, parallel approaches are being employed as possible means of solving other processing problems such as SAR image map-matching, data compression, and pattern recognition.

Stiles, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

An empirical investigation of methods for nonsymmetric linear systems

The present investigation is concerned with a comparison of methods for solving linear algebraic systems which arise from finite difference discretizations of the elliptic convection-diffusion equation in a planar region Omega with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Such linear systems are typically of the form Ax = b where A is an N x N sparse nonsymmetric matrix. In a discussion of discretizations, it is assumed that a regular rectilinear mesh of width h has been imposed on Omega. The discretizations considered include central differences, upstream differences, and modified upstream differences. Six methods for solving Ax = b are considered. Three variants of Gaussian elimination have been chosen as representatives of state-of-the-art software for direct methods under different assumptions about pivoting. Three iterative methods are also included.

Sherman, A. H.↗