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NASA NTRS2015

ESIP Earth Sciences Data Analytics (ESDA) Cluster - Work in Progress

The purpose of this poster is to promote a common understanding of the usefulness of, and activities that pertain to, Data Analytics and more broadly, the Data Scientist; Facilitate collaborations to better understand the cross usage of heterogeneous datasets and to provide accommodating data analytics expertise, now and as the needs evolve into the future; Identify gaps that, once filled, will further collaborative activities. Objectives Provide a forum for Academic discussions that provides ESIP members a better understanding of the various aspects of Earth Science Data Analytics Bring in guest speakers to describe external efforts, and further teach us about the broader use of Data Analytics. Perform activities that:- Compile use cases generated from specific community needs to cross analyze heterogeneous data- Compile sources of analytics tools, in particular, to satisfy the needs of the above data users- Examine gaps between needs and sources- Examine gaps between needs and community expertise- Document specific data analytics expertise needed to perform Earth science data analytics Seek graduate data analytics Data Science student internship opportunities.

science data analysis↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA Small Spacecraft Systems Virtual Institute – Building A SmallSat Community

Small spacecraft (smallsats) continue to find meaningful applications in the exploration of space and the Earth. Many agencies, companies, and universities are successfully exploiting these lower cost platforms, with their associated higher flight frequencies to rapidly develop and test novel technologies, conduct robotic exploration missions, and perform a wide range of science investigations. In addition to their lower costs to develop, integrate, launch, and operate, smallsats foster alternate approaches that can be used to conduct space research. This allows non-traditional individuals, groups, and organizations to contribute to space exploration and science applying novel management approaches spanning mission design, testing, and operations. Many of these approaches are based on collaborations and networks and have origins in related industries. Over time, a smallsat community has evolved to embody a new way of doing space. NASA, through various methods supports the development and growth of these communities, both within the agency and externally. This paper describes the processes, tools, and resources that NASA has developed and deployed to enable, inform, streamline, and sustain the smallsat community for the benefit of the space agency.

Bruce D. Yost↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Decision Support Tool for Risk Assessment & Maneuver Planning in Collision Avoidance

As the quantity of orbital debris continues to grow, so too does the rate of conjunction messages that suggest possible collisions between high value payloads and debris. The abundance of these conjunction messages, and eventual misses, has led to a culture of ignored alerts, and an increase in satellite operation costs as a result of the frequent need to plan resources for maneuver planning and execution. The loss of “trust” in conjunction alerts is due to the poorly characterized evolution in probability of collision (Pc) as time approaches the time of closest approach (TCA) between two objects, as well as the interpretation of Pc in the context of maneuver planning. To address these problems, and in collaboration with the NASA Conjunction Assessment Risk Analysis (CARA) program, the Industrial Sciences Group has developed a novel Maneuver Decision Support System (MDSS) to assist satellite operations in conjunction assessment and Maneuver planning. It provides a meaningful and intuitive Urgency metric for actionable maneuver decisions, based on the physical dynamics of conjunctions. It is based on a forecast of the evolution of Pc over time and represents an advance over current methods that are in use for satellite conjunction monitoring and planning. The result is to give satellite operators a validated decision support systems to plan for maneuver execution or mitigation or monitoring up to 3 days before TCA.

Decision Support Tool↗

DOE OSTI2022

NRAP-Open-IAM: NRAP Open Source Integrated Assessment Model

Note: This is the last version (a2.6.1) of NRAP-Open-IAM released during NRAP Phase II in 2022. The latest version of NRAP-Open-IAM is available here: https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/phase-iii-nrap-open-iam NRAP-Open-IAM is an open-source software product that enables quantification of containment effectiveness and leakage risk at storage sites in the context of system uncertainties and variability. NRAP-Open-IAM represents the next-generation in a line of systems-based computational models developed for quantitative geological carbon storage (GCS) risk assessment. The model comprises a set of reduced-order and analytical models of various components of the GCS system, potential leakage pathways, receptors of concern including impact to groundwater resources and the atmosphere, a framework to support stochastic simulation, time stepping, uncertainty quantification, other analytical functionality for scenario and risk-performance evaluation, and a basic graphical user interface to support scenario development, data input simulation definition, and basic post-processing and results display. As the NRAP Open-IAM functionality continues to evolve, we continue to add to its capability to develop quantitative, probabilistic, and time-dependent profiles of the evolution of risk at a GCS site and evaluate the influence of uncertain parameters on uncertainty in predicted risk. It can be used to quantify the dynamics of reservoir saturation plume and pressure-affected area, for evaluation of the area of potential groundwater impact (i.e., Area of Review) and monitoring requirements to support cost and regulatory analysis, and for consideration of different post-injection site care and closure scenarios. This submission contains the current version of NRAP-Open-IAM available for evaluation and testing. To use the NRAP-Open-IAM, download the source code (https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/08f396c8-bc5f-44ad-a028-6e98a6ea6d70/resource/4c24a3da-3b40-4ffe-9892-c807ae9f8760) then open the NRAP-Open-IAM user's guide (https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/08f396c8-bc5f-44ad-a028-6e98a6ea6d70/resource/8b27335a-343c-4836-b8a3-3ad0bdc9e669) to read more about the tool. Installation instructions for Windows, Mac, and Linux can be found in the "installers" folder of the extracted NRAP-Open-IAM folder and describe setup of environment (e.g., Python libraries) needed for proper work of the tool. Test of installation can be done by running "python openiam_setup_tests.py" in the "setup" folder. The installation test also runs a test suite to see if the NRAP-Open-IAM has been installed correctly. To run the test suite separately, run "python iam_test.py" in the "test" folder. User's guide: https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/08f396c8-bc5f-44ad-a028-6e98a6ea6d70/resource/8b27335a-343c-4836-b8a3-3ad0bdc9e669 Developer's guide: https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/08f396c8-bc5f-44ad-a028-6e98a6ea6d70/resource/3bc6ee7d-609d-4eb6-80ba-fa6130ee0313 Reservoir simulation data used in some examples distributed with NRAP-Open-IAM: - Kimberlina: https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/08f396c8-bc5f-44ad-a028-6e98a6ea6d70/resource/eb62cece-61b2-4037-9b6d-32407dde2ab8 - Kimberlina (compartmentalized): https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/08f396c8-bc5f-44ad-a028-6e98a6ea6d70/resource/366f9530-3b32-4b84-affe-ab2df1d9a8b5 - FutureGen 2.0: https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/futuregen-2-0-1008-simulation-reservoir-lookup-table NRAP-Open-IAM GitLab repository: https://gitlab.com/NRAP/OpenIAM Related publications: - Bacon, D., Yonkofski, C., Brown, C., Demirkanli, D. and Whiting, J., 2019. Risk-based post injection site care and monitoring for commercial-scale carbon storage: Reevaluation of the FutureGen 2.0 site using NRAP-Open-IAM and DREAM. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 90: 102784. - Bacon, D. Demirkanli, D., and White, S., 2020. Probabilistic risk-based Area of Review (AoR) determination for a deep-saline carbon storage site. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 102: 103153. - Harp, D., Oldenburg, C., and Pawar, R., 2019. A metric for evaluating conformance robustness during geologic CO2 sequestration operations. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 85: 100-108. - Lackey, G., Vasylkivska, V., Huerta, N., King, S., and Dilmore, R., 2019. Managing well leakage risks at a geologic carbon storage site with many wells, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 88 :182-194. - Vasylkivska, V., Dilmore, R., Lackey, G., Zhang, Y., King, S., Bacon, D., Chen, B., Mansoor, K., and Harp, D., 2021. NRAP-Open-IAM: A flexible open-source integrated assessment model for geologic carbon storage risk assessment and management, Environmental Modelling & Software, 143: 105114. Presentations: - Chen, B., Harp, D., and Pawar, R., A data assimilation approach (ES-MDA) coupling with NRAP-Open-IAM for quantifying uncertainty reduction in geological CO2 sequestration. AGUFM 2019: T44A-02. - Chen, B., and Harp, D., Improving risk analysis precision for geologic CO2 sequestration by quantifying the uncertainty reduction before and after acquiring monitoring data. 14th Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Conference, Melbourne, Australia, 2018, pp. 21-26. - Harp, D., National Risk Assessment Partnership Task 2: Containment Assurance. No. LA-UR-19-28654, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States), 2019. - Vasylkivska, V., King, S., Bacon, D., Harp, D., Chen, B., Mansoor, K., Onishi, T., Yang, Y., Zhang, Y., and Keating, E., NRAP-Open-IAM: An open-source integrated assessment model, poster, Mastering the Subsurface Through Technology Innovation, Partnerships and Collaboration: Carbon Storage and Oil and Natural Gas Technologies Review Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, August 13-16, 2018. - Vasylkivska, V., Lackey, G., King, S., Wentworth, A., Huerta, N., Creason, C., DiGiulio, J., Yang, Y., and Dilmore, R., Long-term risk analysis of a geologic CO2 storage project during the post-injection period, SIAM Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, Spokane, WA, February 25-March 1, 2019. - Vasylkivska, V., Overview of the NRAP-Open-IAM tool for carbon storage (beta release), 2019 Annual NRAP Tool Users Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, August 27, 2019. - Vasylkivska, V., Bacon, D., Chen, B., Dilmore, R., Harp, D., King, S., Lackey, G., Lindner, E., Liu, G., Mansoor, K. and Zhang, Y., NRAP-Open-IAM: A new, open-source code for integrated assessment of geologic carbon storage containment effectiveness and leakage risk, poster, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2020 (virtual meeting), December 2020. - Vasylkivska, V., NRAP open-source integrated assessment model and relevant application, oral presentation, NRAP workshop "NRAP Tools for Geologic Carbon Storage Risk-Based Decision Making" held in conjunction with Groundwater Protection Council (GWPC) 2021 Annual Forum (virtual meeting), Salt Lake City, UT, September 2021. - Vasylkivska, V., NRAP-Open-IAM: open-source integrated assessment model, digital poster/demonstration, software demonstration session, 2022 Carbon Management Project Review Meeting, August 16, 2022

AoR↗

DOE OSTI2020

The moving target of visualization software for an increasingly complex world

Visualization has evolved into a mature scientific field and it has also become widely accepted as a standard approach in diverse fields, including physics, life sciences, and business intelligence. However, despite its successful development, there are still many open research questions that require customized implementations in order to explore and establish concepts, and to perform experiments and take measurements. Many methods and tools have been developed and published but most are stand-alone prototypes and have not reached a mature state that can be used in a reliable manner by collaborating domain scientists or a wider audience. In this study, we discuss the challenges, solutions, and open research questions that affect the development of sophisticated, relevant, and novel scientific visualization solutions with minimum overheads. Furthermore, we summarize and discuss the results of a recent National Institute of Informatics Shonan seminar on these topics.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2016

DOE Network 2025: Network Research Problems and Challenges for DOE Scientists (Workshop Report)

The growing investments in large science instruments and supercomputers by the US Department of Energy (DOE) hold enormous promise for accelerating the scientific discovery process. They facilitate unprecedented collaborations of geographically dispersed teams of scientists that use these resources. These collaborations critically depend on the production, sharing, moving, and management of, as well as interactive access to, large, complex data sets at sites dispersed across the country and around the globe. In particular, they call for significant enhancements in network capacities to sustain large data volumes and, equally important, the capabilities to collaboratively access the data across computing, storage, and instrument facilities by science users and automated scripts and systems. Improvements in network backbone capacities of several orders of magnitude are essential to meet these challenges, in particular, to support exascale initiatives. Yet, raw network speed represents only a part of the solution. Indeed, the speed must be matched by network and transport layer protocols and higher layer tools that scale in ways that aggregate, compose, and integrate the disparate subsystems into a complete science ecosystem. Just as important, agile monitoring and management services need to be developed to operate the network at peak performance levels. Finally, these solutions must be made an integral part of the production facilities by using sound approaches to develop, deploy, diagnose, operate, and maintain them over the science infrastructure.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRS2018

Exploration Ground Data Systems (xGDS) Overview

xGDS supports rapid scientific decision making by synchronizing the time and mapped location of observation notes, instrument data, photos, video, samples and other data. xGDS is a suite of web tools, developed at NASA Ames Research Center to support remote science operations in analog missions and prototype new ideas for planetary exploration. During operations, xGDS displays science data in real-time with geographic context, supporting key decisions (e.g. sample site selection). Post-operations, xGDS enables efficient analysis of data by correlating data products in time and on the map. xGDS has been developed in close collaboration with science teams since 2009, and used enthusiastically by upwards of 100 scientists to support scientific field research and data analysis.

Ground Data System↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Conducting Feasibility Studies in a Virtual World: Lessons Learned and Emerging Best Practices from the NASA DEVELOP Program

In response to new workplace realities, the NASA DEVELOP National Program pivoted from co-locating students, emerging professionals, and science advisors to bringing together virtual teams from across the United States. In its spring 2020 term, rapidly evolving circumstances required an ad-hoc roll-out of a virtual approach to complete the spring projects. Based on the experience from the spring term and a few weeks of planning, DEVELOP then conducted a fully virtual summer term with features such as 1) online collaboration tools, 2) virtual machines for analysis, and 3) streamed training offerings, including DEVELOP’s first ever program-wide Software Carpentry workshop. This full term of bringing together remote actors to select, build, and manage teams brought many challenges. Summer feedback has influenced planning for the fall 2020 term and process improvement is ongoing. This presentation will highlight lessons learned throughout this period of rapid change. Feedback from spring and summer terms and the Software Carpentry workshop will be summarized. Beyond participant impacts, there will also be discussion of effects on project results and partner experience. Final takeaways will focus on best practices that have been distilled for virtually-conducted feasibility studies.

NASA DEVELOP↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

SERVIR - Connecting Space to Village in Africa, Asia and the Americas

SERVIR is a joint NASA and USAID program that partners with countries and organizations to support locally led efforts to strengthen climate resilience, food and water security, forest and carbon management, and air quality. This unique program integrates NASA’s world class scientists and data with USAID’s development expertise and network of partners and relationships around the world. SERVIR harnesses the power of satellite data and science collaboration to support healthy, sustainable communities, livelihoods and environments. SERVIR’s name is derived from Latin, meaning "to serve.” We serve and partner with leading local, national, and regional institutions in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and in partnership with scientists and subject matter experts to co-develop and implement activities called “services.” Each of SERVIR’s services provide a comprehensive suite of geospatial data, software, and training materials, all of which are tailored to the unique needs of SERVIR’s end users. Each service is collaboratively designed and implemented with the help of partners and users, such as local governments and NGOs, to better support decision-making. When SERVIR plans new services, it prioritizes long-term dialogue and engagement with communities to ensure that services are sustainable, socially inclusive, and suited to local needs. SERVIR strives to make the power of Earth science more accessible and inclusive. All web tools are made publicly available to help promote greater uptake and long-term use of SERVIR’s services.

SERVIR↗

DOE OSTI2019

Sierra Center of Excellence: Lessons Learned

The introduction of heterogeneous computing via GPUs from the Sierra architecture represented a significant shift in direction for computational science at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and therefore required significant preparation. Over the last five years, the Sierra Center of Excellence (CoE) has brought employees with specific expertise from IBM and NVIDIA together with LLNL in a concentrated effort to prepare applications, system software, and tools for the Sierra supercomputer. This article shares the process we applied for the CoE and documents lessons learned during the collaboration, with the hope that others will be able to learn from both our success and intermediate setbacks. We describe what we have found to work for the management of such a collaboration and best practices for algorithms and source code, system configuration and software stack, tools, and application performance.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

JETT3: A Holistic, Integrated Analog for Artemis Lunar Surface Exploration

Since 1972, NASA astronauts have performed hundreds of Extravehicular Activities (EVAs) in support of Skylab, Space Shuttle and International Space Station missions. Not since Apollo, however, have EVAs been driven by discovery-based principles of scientific exploration. Upcoming Artemis missions are challenged to build on lessons learned from Apollo, merging 50 years of EVA experience with the planetary science community’s expertise in the remote surface exploration of Mars. The highest-fidelity preparation for Artemis includes both operational and scientific underpinning to represent the complete, complex picture of lunar surface operations. The Joint EVA & Human Surface Mobility Test Team (JETT) is an interdisciplinary team providing such an environment for collaborative analog testing. JETT builds upon prior analog campaigns (e.g., [1, 2]) to provide high-fidelity environments for hardware and concept of operations development. Sponsored by the NASA EVA & Human Surface Mobility Program (EHP), JETT includes representatives from EHP, NASA Engineering, the Science Mission Directorate (SMD), Human Health & Performance, and the Flight Operations Directorate (FOD). JETT tests evaluate NASA reference designs for EVA (e.g., suits and tools), address gaps and risks for Artemis lunar surface operations, develop capabilities for EVA and science tasks, enable technology maturation, and provide training for Artemis EVA operations. JETT3, the final JETT field test of FY22, occurred Oct 3-11, 2022 in the San Francisco Volcanic Field north of Flagstaff, AZ. The test focused on developing the Artemis concept of operations and systems, including integrating an Artemis-like Science Team into a NASA Flight Control Team (FCT) to plan and execute a series of simulated lunar EVAs in an environment analogous to Artemis 3.

T. E. Caswell↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

JETT3: A Holistic, Integrated Analog for Artemis Lunar Surface Exploration

T. E. Caswell↗

DOE OSTI2019

The 2019 Edition of the IRPhEP Handbook

The International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) [1] was established to preserve and evaluate integral reactor physics experiment data, including separate or special effects measurements for nuclear energy and technology applications. Numerous international experiments have been performed over the past several decades to support reactor operations, safety, measurements, and design. Those experiments represent a significant investment of infrastructure, cost, and expertise that, in many instances, cannot be as easily reproduced. They represent valuable resources of data for present and future research, and provide the basis for recording, development, and validation of methods [2]. The primary focus of the IRPhEP is to provide an extensively peer-reviewed set of reactor physics integral data suitable for reactor designers and safety analysts to not just validate the analytical tools necessary to design next-generation nuclear reactors, but to establish the safety basis for their operation. Contributors worldwide collaborate to evaluate and review selected benchmark experiments for inclusion in the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments (IRPhEP Handbook) [3]. More detailed discussion of the IRPhEP, including highlighted reactor physics benchmark evaluations, can be found in the November and December 2014 editions of Nuclear Science and Engineering [1]. Several new evaluations, and revisions to existing benchmarks have been prepared for inclusion in the 2019 edition of the IRPhEP Handbook (see Table I).

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2017

The Institute for Sustained Performance, Energy, and Resilience Final Project Report

Over the course of the five years of the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computation (SciDAC-3) program, computational scientists working on behalf of the Department of Energy's Office of Science (DOE SC) exploited a new generation of petascale computing resources to make previously inaccessible discoveries in a broad range of disciplines including physics, chemistry, and materials science. The computing systems underpinning this work increased in performance potential from tens to hundreds of PFlop/s, but in the process evolving significantly from architectures in 2011, when SciDAC-3 began. Although Moore's law continues unabated, the end of Dennard scaling has necessitated a fundamental shift in computer architecture focused on power efficiency. To that end, processors are increasingly varied as they strive to satisfy performance, productivity, reliability, and energy efficiency in the face of divergent computational requirements. The diversity among these machines presents a number of challenges to merely porting today's scientific applications, much less achieving good performance. Therefore, at the beginning of SciDAC-3, USC and its collaborators anticipated that both vastly increased scale (e.g., more chips, more cores per chip, wider SIMD) and heterogeneity would exacerbate performance optimization challenges while simultaneously promoting the issues of energy and heterogeneity will exacerbate performance optimization challenges while simultaneously promoting the issues of energy consumption and resilience to the forefront. To ensure that DOE's computational scientists could successfully exploit emerging high performance computing (HPC) systems, DOE SC’s Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program (ASCR) funded the SciDAC-3 Institute for Sustained Performance, Energy, and Resilience (SUPER). Led by USC, this was a broadly based project with expertise in compilers and system tools, performance engineering, energy management, and resilience. SUPER followed the successful model developed in the previous SciDAC-2 Performance Engineering Research Institute (PERI) of leveraging the research investments DOE and others have made and integrating the results to create new capabilities beyond the reach of any one group. To accomplish this, SUPER was organized into multi-institution teams conducting the research activities in performance portability, energy efficiency, exascale resilience, and overall optimization. SUPER researchers also collaborated with other SciDAC-3 institutes, 13 of the 19 Scientific Computation Application Partnerships (SAP), as well as the broader DOE computational sciences community. These collaborations both focused our research on the real challenges facing petascale scientific computing as well as ensured the broad and immediate impact of the results of our research.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2020

ElectroCat (Electrocatalysis Consortium) [Slides]

ElectroCat was created as part of the USDOE Energy Materials Network in February 2016. The mission of the collaboration is to develop and implement PGM-free catalysts and electrodes by streamlining access to unique synthesis and characterization tools across national labs, developing missing strategic capabilities, and curating a public database of information. This presentation provides an overview of their work.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗

NASA NTRS1997

Studies for the Loss of Atomic and Molecular Species from Io

The general objective of this project has been to advance our theoretical understanding of Io's atmosphere and how various atomic and molecular species are lost from this atmosphere and are distributed in the circumplanetary environment of Jupiter. The scientific objectives of the larger collaborative program between AER, Inc., and the University of Michigan have been to undertake theoretical modeling studies to simulate the distributions of the exospheric gases in Io's corona and extended clouds, to investigate the importance of the various physical processes that shape their relative abundances, and with these tools to analyze observations of O, S and Na obtained by four observers: M.A. McGrath of the Space Telescope Science Institute and G.E. Ballester of the University of Michigan who each have obtained Hubble Space Telescope observations of O and S near Io, F. Scherb who continues an effort to obtain 6300 A OI observations as part of the University of Wisconsin Fabry-Perot program, and N.M. Schneider of the University of Colorado who obtained an extensive set of spectral and spatial observations of the Na emission near Io in the D-lines.

Combi, Michael R.↗

DOE OSTI2021

Recommended Practices for Managing Induced Seismicity Risk Associated with Geologic Carbon Storage

The geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is one method to help reduce or eliminate atmospheric CO 2 emissions. The sequestered CO 2 is originally captured from the atmosphere or from a stationary industrial source and subsequently injected into a deep subsurface porous rock formation. To facilitate the successful deployment of field scale carbon storage projects, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is developing tools and protocols for defensible, science-based frameworks to quantify and mitigate risks associated with the long-term storage of CO 2 . This protocol specifically addresses the risk of induced seismicity due to injection in a geologic carbon storage (GCS) site. This integrated and risk-based protocol is a product of the U.S. DOE Fossil Energy’s National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP), a multi-year collaborative research effort of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). These recommended practices describe a set of 7 steps to evaluate, manage, communicate, and mitigate the risk of induced seismicity at GCS sites. The base methodology of the recommended practices follows a framework similar to the Protocol for Addressing Induced Seismicity Associated with Enhanced Geothermal Systems (Majer et al., 2012), developed for the Geothermal Technology Office of the U.S. DOE. These recommended practices present a framework to systematically assess the induced seismicity risk and quantify the associated uncertainties. These recommendations are based on current research and are sufficiently general to allow for modification and application to a variety of different types of sites. The substance of the recommended practices contained herein includes both technical and non-technical issues, and covers all operational stages of the GCS project lifecycle. They start at the preliminary risk assessment phase, continue through site assessment and characterization, include best practice communication and seismic monitoring plan methodologies, discuss the evaluation and mitigation of seismic hazard and risk, and closes with an exploration of operational management plans, which conclude when the induced seismicity risk abates back to background level. The focus of these recommendations is on actively managing the risks associated with induced seismicity by developing an actionable risk management plan that starts at the project proposal stage and continues through site closure through an iterative assessment and improvement process. The audience of this document is expected to include all interested stakeholders (e.g., operators, project developers, regulators, and the general public) and is expressly written to be accessible to this broad range of partners. This document is intended to disseminate knowledge gained through recent advances in the science of induced seismicity hazard and risk assessments, to provide updates based on recent experience gained by similar corollary injection-induced seismicity cases, and most importantly to establish a uniform framework to carry out a successful induced seismicity risk management plan for carbon storage projects in the future. These recommendations do not directly address any domestic or international regulations or standards. A complementary NRAP report makes recommendations for the assessment and management of environmental subsurface risks associated with unwanted fluid migration at GCS sites (Thomas et al., 2021) and should be referred to in order to address those additional GCS site risks.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2021

Recommended Practices for Managing Induced Seismicity Risk Associated with Geologic Carbon Storage

The geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is one method to help reduce or eliminate atmospheric CO 2 emissions. The sequestered CO 2 is originally captured from the atmosphere or from a stationary industrial source and subsequently injected into a deep subsurface porous rock formation. To facilitate the successful deployment of field scale carbon storage projects, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is developing tools and protocols for defensible, science-based frameworks to quantify and mitigate risks associated with the long-term storage of CO 2 . This protocol specifically addresses the risk of induced seismicity due to injection in a geologic carbon storage (GCS) site. This integrated and risk-based protocol is a product of the U.S. DOE Fossil Energy’s National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP), a multi-year collaborative research effort of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). These recommended practices describe a set of 7 steps to evaluate, manage, communicate, and mitigate the risk of induced seismicity at GCS sites. The base methodology of the recommended practices follows a framework similar to the $\textit{Protocol for Addressing Induced Seismicity Associated with Enhanced Geothermal Systems}$ (Majer et al., 2012), developed for the Geothermal Technology Office of the U.S. DOE. These recommended practices present a framework to systematically assess the induced seismicity risk and quantify the associated uncertainties. These recommendations are based on current research and are sufficiently general to allow for modification and application to a variety of different types of sites. The substance of the recommended practices contained herein includes both technical and non-technical issues, and covers all operational stages of the GCS project lifecycle. They start at the preliminary risk assessment phase, continue through site assessment and characterization, include best practice communication and seismic monitoring plan methodologies, discuss the evaluation and mitigation of seismic hazard and risk, and closes with an exploration of operational management plans, which conclude when the induced seismicity risk abates back to background level. The focus of these recommendations is on actively managing the risks associated with induced seismicity by developing an actionable risk management plan that starts at the project proposal stage and continues through site closure through an iterative assessment and improvement process. The audience of this document is expected to include all interested stakeholders (e.g., operators, project developers, regulators, and the general public) and is expressly written to be accessible to this broad range of partners. This document is intended to disseminate knowledge gained through recent advances in the science of induced seismicity hazard and risk assessments, to provide updates based on recent experience gained by similar corollary injection-induced seismicity cases, and most importantly to establish a uniform framework to carry out a successful induced seismicity risk management plan for carbon storage projects in the future. These recommendations do not directly address any domestic or international regulations or standards. A complementary NRAP report makes recommendations for the assessment and management of environmental subsurface risks associated with unwanted fluid migration at GCS sites (Thomas et al., 2021) and should be referred to in order to address those additional GCS site risks

58 GEOSCIENCES↗