Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “dislocation glide”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

268 records · Page 15

Geometrically necessary dislocation fingerprints of dislocation loop absorption at grain boundaries

Here we present a numerical methodology to compute the Nye-tensor fingerprints of dislocation loop absorption at grain boundaries (GBs) for comparison with TEM observations of irradiated polycrystals. Our approach links atomistic simulations of self-interstitial atom (SIA) prismatic loops gliding toward and interacting with GBs in body-centered cubic iron with experimentally extracted geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) maps to facilitate the interpretation of damage processes. The Nye-tensor analysis is strongly mesh-size dependent—corresponding to resolution-dependent TEM observations. The method computes GND fingerprints from discretized dislocation line segments extracted from molecular dynamics simulations of dislocation loops being absorbed at a GB. Specifically, we perform MD simulation of prismatic loops of two diameters and monitor the three stages of the absorption process: loop glide, the partial, and full absorption of the loops at a [1 0 0] symmetric tilt GB. These methods provide a framework for future investigations of the nature of defect absorption by grain boundaries under irradiation conditions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

The effect of local chemical ordering on Frank-Read source activation in a refractory multi-principal element alloy

In this work, we investigate the operation of Frank-Read (FR) sources in a refractory multi-principal element alloy (MPEA). Simulations of discrete dislocation motion in MPEAs is enabled by the development of a phase field dislocation dynamics model that treats the atomic-scale fluctuations in lattice energies across the glide plane, present due to local ordering in the chemical composition within the nominally random MPEA atomic structure. We consider, through simulation, a range of length scales over which ordering occurs, varying from short-range lengths, a few times dislocation core width, to long-range lengths, an order of magnitude longer than the core. Characteristic of this body-centered cubic MPEA, the simulations also include screw/edge character dependence in glide resistance, as informed by atomic scale simulation. The critical stresses to activate the source for the same source size are found to be statistically distributed, as a direct consequence of the underlying variation in lattice energy. Furthermore, analysis of critical state for activating edge and screw FR sources in the MPEA reveals that FR source operation occurs via a two-step mechanism, involving athermal kink-pair formation, unlike the conventional FR source operation in a material with no composition fluctuations. This mechanism lowers the average critical stress required to activate the FR source and causes the statistical dispersion in critical stress to depend on the range of composition ordering. More importantly, it leads to a more severe dependence of source strength on FR source length than predicted by line tension alone.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

A phase field model for dislocations in hexagonal close packed crystals

In this work, an application of a phase field formulation suitable for modeling the motion of individual partial and full dislocations in hexagonal close packed (HCP) crystals is presented. The formulation incorporates periodic potentials for glide on the distinct HCP slip systems, which are informed here by density functional theory (DFT). The model is applied to simulate the dissociation process starting from an unstable perfect dislocation and ending at its final equilibrium structure for different slip planes and in different HCP metals. The structural characteristics that are predicted for these dislocations include the partial Burgers vectors, dissociation distances, core widths of the partials, and any asymmetries in these quantities. Mg is selected as one of the model materials since its dislocations are the most well studied and it is nearly elastically isotropic. For Mg, it is shown that the predictions for dissociation distances agree with those reported previously by atomic-scale calculations, including density functional theory, for dislocations on the basal < a >, prismatic < a >, and pyramidal type II slip systems. Furthermore, phase field model results are also presented for dislocations in Ti and Zr, which we find develop distinctively different equilibrium structures than Mg.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

In-situ transmission electron microscopy study of oxygen vacancy ordering and dislocation annihilation in undoped and Sm-doped CeO 2 ceramics during redox processes

Ceria (CeO 2 ) based ceramics have been widely used for many applications due to their unique ionic, electronic, and catalytic properties. We report our findings in investigating into the redox processes of undoped and Sm-doped CeO 2 ceramics stimulated by high-energy electron beam irradiation within a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The reduced structure with oxygen vacancy ordering has been identified as the CeO 1.68 (C-Ce 2 O 3+δ ) phase via high-resolution TEM. The reduction of Ce 4+ to Ce 3+ has been monitored by electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The decreased electronic conductivity of the Sm-doped CeO 2 (Sm 0.2 Ce 0.8 O 1.9 , SDC) is revealed by electron holography, as positive electrostatic charges accumulated at the surfaces of SDC grains under electron beam irradiation, but not at CeO 2 grains. The formation of the reduced CeO 1.68 domains corresponds to lattice expansion compared to the CeO 2 matrix. Therefore, the growth of CeO 1.68 nuclei builds up strain inside the matrix, causing annihilation of dislocations inside the grains. By using in-situ high-resolution TEM and a fast OneView camera recording system, we investigated dislocation motion inside both CeO 2 and SDC grains under electron beam irradiation. The dislocations prefer to dissociate into Shockley partials bounded by stacking faults. Then, the partials can easily glide in the {111} planes to reach the grain surfaces. Even the Lomer-Cottrell lock can be swept away by the phase change induced strain field. Our results revealed the high mobility of dislocations inside CeO 2 and SDC grains during their respective redox processes

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Investigation of defect formation at the early stage of PVT-grown 4H-SiC crystals

Here, several 4° off-axis 4H-SiC wafers with several hundred microns of initial-stage growth by PVT method are investigated by Synchrotron Monochromatic Beam X-ray Topography (SMBXT). Defect behavior across the seed/newly grown layer interface are demonstrated. Comparison of early stage grown layers to seed sample indicates generation of threading edge dislocation (TED) and threading screw dislocation (TSD)/ threading mixed dislocation (TMD) pairs at the interface while most basal plane dislocations (BPDs) are deflected into TEDs. The (0001) facet of the crystal is already formed at early stage growth at the edge of the wafer and high nitrogen incorporation in facet leads to conditions favorable for nucleation and glide of Shockley/double Shockley faults with layers of 3C-SiC deposited on facet acting as nuclei. Unique-shaped dislocations are observed at early stage growth, which are caused by deflection of TSDs/TMDs and TEDs by macrosteps near the periphery of the sample and the subsequent glide of the a components. The effect of the quality of the seed surface before growth is manifested as randomly oriented arrays of pairs of TEDs and TSDs/TMDs on the as grown surface resulting from residual surface damage from scratches.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Current Status of the Quality of 4H-SiC Substrates and Epilayers for Power Device Applications

ABSTRACT Interfacial dislocations (IDs) and half-loop arrays (HLAs) present in the epilayers of 4H-SiC crystal are known to have a deleterious effect on device performance. Synchrotron X-ray Topography studies carried out on n-type 4H-SiC offcut wafers before and after epitaxial growth show that in many cases BPD segments in the substrate are responsible for creating IDs and HLAs during CVD growth. This paper reviews the behaviors of BPDs in the substrate during the epitaxial growth in different cases: (1) screw-oriented BPD segments intersecting the surface replicate directly through the interface during the epitaxial growth and take part in stress relaxation process by creating IDs and HLAs (Matthews-Blakeslee model [1] ); (2) non-screw oriented BPD half loop intersecting the surface glides towards and replicates through the interface, while the intersection points convert to threading edge dislocations (TEDs) and pin the half loop, leaving straight screw segments in the epilayer and then create IDs and HLAs; (3) edge oriented short BPD segments well below the surface get dragged towards the interface during epitaxial growth, leaving two long screw segments in their wake, some of which replicate through the interface and create IDs and HLAs. The driving force for the BPDs to glide toward the interface is thermal stress and driving force for the relaxation process to occur is the lattice parameter difference at growth temperature which results from the doping concentration difference between the substrate and epilayer.

Dudley, M.↗

Creep property and microstructure evolution of a nickel-base single crystal superalloy in [011] orientation

The creep property and microstructure evolution of a single crystal superalloy with [011] orientation were investigated at the temperatures of 700 °C, 900 °C and 1040 °C. It is shown that there exist stages of primary, steady-state, and tertiary creep under the lower temperature 700 °C. As the temperature increases to high temperatures of 900 °C and 1040 °C, steady-state creep stage is reduced or disappears and the shape of creep curves is dominated by an extensive tertiary stage. The minimum creep strain rate exhibits power law dependence on the applied stress; the stress exponents at 700 °C, 900 °C and 1040 °C are 28, 13 and 6.5, respectively. Microstructure observation shows that the morphologies of γ′ phase almost keep original shape at the lower temperature 700 °C and high applied stress. With the increasing creep temperature, γ′ precipitates tend to link together and form lamellar structure at an angle of 45° inclined to the applied stress. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations reveal that multiple < 110 > (111) slip systems gliding in the matrix channels and shearing γ′ precipitates by stacking faults or bending dislocation pairs are the main deformation mechanism at the lower temperature of 700 °C. At the high temperatures of 900 °C and 1040 °C, dislocation networks are formed at γ/γ′ interfaces and the γ′ rafts are sheared by dislocation pairs. - Highlights: • Creep properties of < 011 >-oriented single crystal superalloys were investigated. • γ′ phases become rafting at an angle of 45° inclined to the applied stress. • Creep deformation mechanisms depend on temperature and stress.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Stress effects on the energy barrier and mechanisms of cross-slip in FCC nickel

The energy barrier for homogeneous cross-slip of a screw dislocation in face-centered cubic (FCC) nickel is calculated using atomistic simulations as a function of the Escaig stress on the glide plane, the Escaig stress on the cross-slip plane, and the Schmid stress on the cross-slip plane. Two cross-slip mechanisms, Friedel-Escaig (FE) and Fleischer, are examined and their energy barriers are calculated for a large number of stress combinations. For each mechanism, the energy barrier as a function of three stress components can be reduced into a one-dimensional function of an effective stress. The stress domains in which FE and Fleischer mechanisms operate respectively are determined. Additionally, the FE mechanism dominates when the Escaig stress on the glide plane (in the direction that reduces the stacking fault width) is the largest stress component. Increasing the Schmid stress and Escaig stress (in the direction that expands the stacking fault width) on the cross slip plane promotes the Fleischer mechanism. The cross slip energy barrier functions obtained here can be used as input functions for computing cross slip rates in mesoscale dislocation dynamics simulations.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Tunable energy landscape of screw dislocation cores by compositional fluctuations in bcc high-entropy alloys from first-principles calculations

The energy landscape of screw dislocation cores plays a central role in dislocation-mediated deformation mechanisms in body-centered cubic (bcc) metals. In bcc high-entropy alloys (HEAs), this energy landscape is modulated by local compositional fluctuations, which has important implications for deformation processes in these materials. Through first-principles calculations, this study investigates high-symmetry screw dislocation core structures in NbTaMoW and NbTaTiHf bcc HEAs. The results show that alloying group IV transition metals lead to large local lattice distortions at dislocation cores, which is demonstrated to be an important factor governing fluctuations in core configurations along a dislocation line. Importantly, group IV elements near the core induce features in the energy landscape that are exclusive for HEAs, specifically lowering the energy of core configurations that are unstable in elemental bcc metals. A combined influence of these chemical effects with crystallographic details enables the activation of glide planes, a feature that has been linked to ductility improvements in bcc HEAs. These findings provide new insights into the atomic-scale mechanisms underlying dislocation mobility in bcc HEAs, offering a pathway for designing materials with tailored mechanical properties.

Borges, Pedro P P O↗

The hierarchical energy landscape of screw dislocation motion in refractory high-entropy alloys

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) with concentrated solid solutions are conceived to possess a rugged atomic and energy landscape in which dislocation motion necessarily proceeds to accommodate mechanical deformation. Fundamental questions remain as to how rough the energy landscape is and to what extent it can be influenced by the local ordering of their constituent elements. Here, we construct and report the potential energy landscape (PEL) governing screw dislocation motion in refractory HEAs that reveals a hierarchical and multilevel structure with a collection of small basins nested in large metabasin. This striking feature pertaining to HEAs exerts a trapping force and back stress on saddle point activations, retarding dislocation movement. Further, by introducing chemical short-range order, the energy landscape is smoothed but skewed to different degrees that shifts the rate-liming process from kink-glide to kink-pair nucleation. The chemical disorder-roughened PEL in HEAs, analogous to structural disorder induced in metallic glasses, signifies the role of various barrier-hopping processes underlying the extraordinary mechanical behaviors of the two distinct groups of materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Progress report on the incorporation of lower lengthscales into polycrystal plasticity models

Neutron irradiation produces vacancies and interstitials in the crystal lattice, with concentrations far in excess to the thermal equilibrium concentrations. These defects either recombine or migrate to sinks where they get trapped. Dislocations present in the lattice preferentially absorb either vacancies or interstitials, causing them to climb (in the absence of stress) or to climb and glide (when a resolved shear stress is present). Both mechanisms induce dimensional changes, named growth and creep, respectively.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Interface, bulk and surface structure of heteroepitaxial altermagnetic α-MnTe films grown on GaAs(111)

Epitaxial MnTe films have recently seen a surge in research into their altermagnetic semiconducting properties. However, those properties may be extremely sensitive to structural and chemical modifications. We report a detailed investigation of the synthesis of the altermagnet α-MnTe on GaAs(111), which reveals the bulk defect structure of this material, the mechanism by which it releases strain from the underlying substrate, and the impact of oxidation on its surface. X-ray diffraction measurements show that α-MnTe layers with thicknesses spanning 45 to 640 nm acquire lattice parameters different from bulk, mostly due to thermal strain caused by the substrate rather than strain from the lattice mismatch. Through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurement, we then unveil a misfit dislocation array at the interface, revealing the mechanism by which lattice strain is relaxed. TEM also reveals a stacking fault in the bulk, occurring along a glide plane parallel to the interface. The combination of TEM with polarized neutron reflectometry measurements finally reveals the impact of oxidation on the chemistry of the surface of uncapped MnTe. Furthermore, or findings highlight the subtle role of epitaxy in altering the structure of α-MnTe, providing potential opportunities to tune the altermagnetic properties of this material.

Altermagnets↗

Unraveling kinking: A plasticity enhancing failure mode in high strength nano metallic laminates

Kinking is an important and plasticity-enhancing deformation/failure mode in numerous mechanically anisotropic materials including high-strength nano metallic laminates (NMLs). However, our current limited understanding of the mechanics of kinking and its dependence on microstructural attributes is insufficient for thoroughly comprehending and eventually being able to control failure behaviors of materials. In this study, we investigate kinking dependencies on microstructural attributes in NMLs via in situ micropillar compression, multiscale microstructure characterization, dislocation dynamic simulations, and crystal plasticity modeling. Additionally, by examining several NML systems (Cu/Fe, Ag/Fe, Al-4Mg/Fe), we demonstrate that the development of internal stresses during loading activates local layer-parallel glide triggering kinking in NMLs. Furthermore, this work reveals the effect of key microstructural features including layer thickness, layer waviness, interface barrier strength, and work hardening capacity on kink band formation in NMLs. More broadly, our efforts represent a generically applicable approach for probing large-strain deformation behavior of complex materials via synergetic modeling and experimental efforts.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

High temperature creep behavior of single crystal gamma prime and gamma alloys

The creep behavior of single crystals of gamma-prime and gamma alloys were investigated and compared to the response of two-phase superalloys tested previously. High temperature deformation in the gamma alloys was characteristic of a climb-controlled mechanism, whereas the gamma-prime based materials exhibited glide-controlled creep behavior. The superalloys were much more creep resistant than their constituent phases, which indicates the importance of the gamma/gamma-prime interface as a barrier for dislocation motion during creep.

Nathal, M. V.↗

Non-orthogonal computational grids for studying dislocation motion in phase field approaches

In this work, new non-orthogonal computational grids are implemented into a phase field model called Phase Field Dislocation Dynamics (PFDD). We demonstrate that the new non-orthogonal grid can accommodate multiple slip planes in either the face centered cubic (FCC) or body centered cubic (BCC) crystallographic systems. Here, we show that they avoid numerical errors induced when modeling glide on inclined slip planes in an orthogonal grid. The Gibbs effect that arises in the orthogonal or rotated orthogonal grids is substantially diminished when a non-orthogonal grid is employed. A few test cases demonstrate the effectiveness of using non-orthogonal grids in solving systems with multiple non-planar slip systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Serrated flow in $\mathrm{NaI:Tl}$ scintillator crystals

We report the serrated-flow behavior is an important phenomenon that unveils material-deformation mechanisms, as reported for various kinds of materials. NaI doped with Tl (NaI:Tl) is unique among scintillation materials in that the structure contains glide planes that are linked to serration behavior. In the present work, single crystals of NaI:Tl were subjected to room-temperature compression experiments at different strain rates. The serrated flow was observed, and complexity and multifractal analyses were performed to analyze the serration behavior. The findings revealed that the strain rate had a pronounced effect on the complexity and multifractality of the serrated flow, similar to what has been found in other alloy systems. The results also indicate that there may be a strong link between the complexity of the serrated flow behavior and the heterogeneity of the underlying dynamics. It is expected that the present work could be a step toward a better understanding of the deformation behavior and forgeability of NaI:Tl single crystals.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗