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At least 271 records · Page 15

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NASA NTRS1991

The dielectric-filled parabola - A new millimeter/submillimeter wavelength receiver/transmitter front end

A design is presented for a semi-integrated millimeter/submillimeter wavelength receiver/transmitter front end incorporating a planar antenna and a solid-state device in an efficient feed structure which can be matched directly to high f-number optical systems. The feed system combines the simplicity and robustness of a dielectric substrate lens with the high gain of a parabolic reflector in a single structure that is termed a dielectric-filled parabola. The same fundamental unit can be configured as either a heterodyne or direct detection mode receiver, a power transmitter or a frequency multiplier by changing out the solid-state device and/or the integrated antenna. The structure can also be used with a small integrated antenna array in a multibeam or imaging arrangement. Design and fabrication details for the feed system are given. These are followed by beam pattern and impedance measurements taken on a microwave model when dipole, bow-tie, log-periodic, and log-spiral antennas are used as the integrated feed elements.

Siegel, Peter H.↗

NASA NTRS1991

The evolution of void-filled cosmological structures

1D, 2D, and 3D simulations are used here to investigate the salient features in the evolution of void-filled cosmological structures in universes with arbitrary values of Omega. It is found that the growth of a void as a function of time decreases significantly at the time corresponding to Omega = 0.5. In models constructed in 2D and 3D, suitable initial conditions lead to cellular structure with faceted voids similar to those observed in redshift surveys. Matter compressed to planes flows more rapidly toward condensations at the intersections than would be expected for spherical infall. The peculiar streaming velocities for void diameters of 5000 km/s should be observable. The simulations provide a more physical basis and dynamics for the bubbly and Voronois tesselation models used to derive statistical properties of cellular large-scale structure.

Regos, Eniko↗

NASA NTRS1990

Nonlinear viscoelastic response of highly filled elastomers under multiaxial finite deformation

A biaxial tester was used to obtain precise biaxial stress responses of highly filled, high strain capability elastomers. Stress-relaxation experiments show that the time-dependent part of the relaxation response can be reasonably approximated by a function which is strain and biaxiality independent. Thus, isochronal data from the stress-relaxation curves can be used to determine the stored energy density function. The complex behavior of the elastomers under biaxial deformation may be caused by dewetting.

Peng, Steven T. J.↗

NASA NTRS1991

A new surface impedance function for the aperture surface of a conducting body with a dielectric-filled cavity

A surface impedance function (SIF) appropriate for use on the aperture surface of a conducting body with a dielectric-filled cavity, is presented. Unlike the usual SIFs that might be used on an aperture, this SIF takes into account not only the wave transmitted through the aperture but also the wave reflected from the inside of the cavity the shape of the aperture and cavity, and the polarization and direction of the incident wave. The SIF is derived heuristically from the series-reflection solution for a plane wave normally incident on an infinite flat conducting plate with a flat dielectric coating. The SIF was developed and used in a combined method of moments (MM) solution for the scattered fields due to an incident plane wave. This combined technique greatly reduces the number of current expansion coefficients to be determined using the method of moments and hence also reduces the number of impedance elements required for calculation in the method of moments. Application of the SIF in a combined method is illustrated for a two-dimensional object.

Goggans, Paul M.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Viscoelastic Response Of A Highly Filled Polymer

Report describes experimental and theoretical studies of nonlinear viscoelastic response of elastomeric binder material filled with small particles of different material. Studies characterize response with sufficient accuracy for use in designing parts subjected to high strains.

Peng, Steven T. J.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Transient Study of a Cryogenic Hydrogen Filling System

An investigation was made of producing a workable model for the transient analysis of a cryogenic hydrogen filling system. A series of programs and subprograms defining the momentum, mass, and energy balances and the physical properties, transport properties, and their interactions were devised.The program was modified for a simple theoretical test fluid. Exhaustive runs and modifications were made and at this point no stability was achieved except in trivial cases.

Schleier, Howard↗

NASA NTRS1992

Stiffness and strength tailoring in uniform space-filling truss structures

A deterministic procedure for tailoring the continuum stiffness and strength of uniform space-filling truss structures, through the appropriate selection of truss geometry and member sizes (flexural stiffness, axial stiffness, and length), is presented. The trusses considered herein are generated by uniform replication of a characteristic truss cell. The repeating cells are categorized by one of a set of possible geometric symmetry groups derived using crystallographic techniques. The elastic symmetry associated with each geometric symmetry group is identified to help select an appropriate truss geometry for a given application. Stiffness and strength tailoring of a given truss geometry is enabled through explicit expressions relating the continuum stiffnesses and failure stresses of the truss to the stiffnesses and failure loads of its members. These expressions are derived using an existing equivalent continuum analysis technique and a newly developed analytical failure theory for trusses. Several examples are presented to illustrate the application of these techniques and to demonstrate the usefulness of the information gained from this analysis.

Lake, Mark S.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Generation and comparison of globally isotropic space-filling truss structures

The purposes of this paper are to present a rationale for obtaining space-filling truss structures that behave like a globally isotropic continuum and to use continuum modeling to investigate their relative structural efficiencies (e.g., modulus-to-density, strength-to-density, and part-count-to-volume ratios). The trusses considered herein are generated by replication of a characteristic truss cell uniformly through space. The characteristic cells are categorized by one of a set of possible geometric symmetry groups derived using the techniques of crystallography. The implied elastic symmetry associated with each geometric symmetry group is identified to simplify the task of determining stiffness tailoring rules for guaranteeing global isotropy. Four truss geometries are analyzed to determine stiffness tailoring necessary for isotropy. All geometries exhibit equivalent isotropic Poisson's ratios of 1/4 and equivalent modulus-to-density ratios of 1/6 times the modulus-to-density ratio of the material used in their members. The truss configuration that has the lowest percent difference in member lengths is shown to have the lowest component part-count-to-volume ratios of all geometries considered when compared on a basis of equal stiffness, equal strength, and equal mass.

Lake, Mark S.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Image masking using polygon fills and morphological transformations

Polygon-fill operations and morphological transformations are effective computational tools for the land-masking and coastline-correction preprocessing operations often applied to AVHRR data prior to oceanographic applications. These masking operations, in conjunction with cloud-screening techniques, can be used on such other oceanographically significant remote-sensing data as those of the Coastal Zone Color Scanner, GOES, and Landsat. The sensitivity of the methods to regional variations in atmospheric conditions and land-ocean temperature gradients is assessed for tropical, midlatitude, and high latitude regions.

Simpson, James J.↗

NASA NTRS1991

The Filled Arm Fizeau Telescope (FFT)

Attention is given to the design of a Mills Cross imaging interferometer in which the arms are fully filled with mirror segments of a Ritchey-Chretien primary and which has sensitivity to 27th magnitude per pixel and resolution a factor of 10 greater than Hubble. The optical design, structural configuration, thermal disturbances, and vibration, material, control, and metrology issues, as well as scientific capabilities are discussed, and technology needs are identified. The technologies under consideration are similar to those required for the development of the other imaging interferometers that have been proposed over the past decade. A comparison of the imaging capabilities of a 30-m diameter FFT, an 8-m telescope with a collecting area equal to that of the FFT, and the HST is presented.

Synnott, S. P.↗

NASA NTRS1991

SRB Environment Evaluation and Analysis. Volume 2: RSRB Joint Filling Test/Analysis Improvements

Following the Challenger accident a very comprehensive solid rocket booster (SRB) redesign program was initiated. One objective of the program was to develop expertise at NASA/MSFC in the techniques for analyzing the flow of hot gases in the SRB joints. Several test programs were undertaken to provide a data base of joint performance with manufactured defects in the joints to allow hot gases to fill the joints. This data base was used also to develop the analytical techniques. Some of the test programs were Joint Environment Simulator (JES), Nozzle Joint Environment Simulator (NJES), Transient Pressure Test Article (TPTA), and Seventy-Pound Charge (SPC). In 1988 the TPTA test hardware was moved from the Utah site to MSFC and several RSRM tests were scheduled, to be followed by tests for the ASRM program. REMTECH Inc. supported these activities with pretest estimates of the flow conditions in the test joints, and post-test analysis and evaluation of the measurements. During this support REMTECH identified deficiencies in the gas-measurement instrumentation that existed in the TPTA hardware, made recommendations for its replacement, and identified improvements to the analytical tools used in the test support. Only one test was completed under the TPTA RSRM test program, and those scheduled for the ASRM were rescheduled to a time after the expiration of this contract. The attention of this effort was directed toward improvements in the analytical techniques in preparation for when the ASRM program begins.

Knox, E. C.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Slosh wave excitation in a partially filled rotating tank due to gravity jitters in a microgravity environment

The dynamical behavior of fluids, in particular the effect of surface tension on partially-filled rotating fluids (cryogenic liquid helium and helium vapor), in a full-scale Gravity Probe-B Spacecraft propellant tank without probe imposed by various frequencies of gravity jitters have been investigated. Twelve case studies of slosh wave excitation due to various frequencies of gravity jitters under different rotating speeds of propellant tank and different levels of background gravity environment have been numerically simulated. Results disclose the conditions for the excitation of large amplitude slosh waves which shall be avoided in the design of cryogenic liquid propellant system.

Hung, R. J.↗

NASA NTRS1992

The low filling factor of dust in the Galaxy

The neighborhood of 745 luminous stars in the IRAS Skyflux plates was examined for the presence of dust heated by the nearby star. One-hundred twenty-three dust clouds were found around only 106 of the stars with a volume filling factor of 0.006 and an intercloud separation of 46 pc. Nowhere was a region found where the dust is smoothly distributed through the volume of space heated by the star; hence an upper limit of 0.06/cu cm is placed on the equivalent gas density in the intercloud regions. Due to the lack of IR emission near the star, it is found that less than 1 percent of the stellar luminosity is reprocessed within 10 pc of the star. The clouds have an average density of 0.22/cu cm and a radius of 1.9 pc, albeit with wide variations in their properties. Two different scale heights of 140 and 540 pc were found for the number of clouds around different groups of stars, which are interpreted as evidence for different distributions of dust in and out of the Galactic disk.

Murthy, Jayant↗

NASA NTRS1991

Characteristics of a high pressure gas proportional counter filled with xenon

The characteristics of a conventional cylindrical geometry proportional counter filled with high pressure xenon gas up to 10 atm. were fundamentally investigated for use as a detector in hard X-ray astronomy. With a 2 percent methane gas mixture the energy resolutions at 10 atm. were 9.8 percent and 7.3 percent for 22 keV and 60 keV X-rays, respectively. From calculations of the Townsend ionization coefficient, it is shown that proportional counters at high pressure operate at weaker reduced electric field than low pressure counters. The characteristics of a parallel grid proportional counter at low pressure showed similar pressure dependence. It is suggested that this is the fundamental reason for the degradation of resolution observed with increasing pressure.

Sakurai, H.↗

NASA NTRS1993

Multispectral studies of selected crater- and basin-filling lunar Maria from Galileo Earth-Moon encounter 1

New visible and near-infrared multispectral data of the Moon were obtained by the Galileo spacecraft in December, 1990. These data were calibrated with Earth-based spectral observations of the nearside to compare compositional information to previously uncharacterized mare basalts filling craters and basins on the western near side and eastern far side. A Galileo-based spectral classification scheme, modified from the Earth-based scheme developed by Pieters, designates the different spectral classifications of mare basalt observed using the 0.41/0.56 micron reflectance ratio (titanium content), 0.56 micron reflectance values (albedo), and 0.76/0.99 micron reflectance ratio (absorption due to Fe(2+) in mafic minerals and glass). In addition, age determinations from crater counts and results of a linear spectral mixing model were used to assess the volcanic histories of specific regions of interest. These interpreted histories were related to models of mare basalt petrogenesis in an attempt to better understand the evolution of lunar volcanism.

Williams, D. A.↗

NASA NTRS1995

Performance characterization of EURECA retroreflectors with fluoropolymer-filled SiO(x) protective coatings

Aluminized corner-cube polymethylmethacrylate retroreflectors were coated with 92% SiO(x) - 8% fluoropolymer (by volume) and flown on the EURECA spacecraft. The fluoropolymer-filled SiO(x) protective coating was found to be durable to atomic oxygen when exposed in a ground-based plasma asher to an anticipated mission fluence of 2x10(exp 20) atoms/cm(exp 2). Unprotected retroreflector surfaces were found to develop highly diffuse reflectance characteristics, thus inhibiting their use for laser retroreflector purposes. A noncontacting retroreflector optical characterization system was constructed and used to measure the optical retroreflection characteristics of the following retroreflector materials: uncoated unexposed, coated unexposed, both uncoated and coated ground laboratory atomic oxygen exposed, and coated exposed to space atomic oxygen on the EURECA spacecraft. A comparison of the optical characterizations is presented.

Banks, Bruce A.↗

NASA NTRS1995

Design and evaluation of a foam-filled hat-stiffened panel concept for aircraft primary structural applications

A structurally efficient hat-stiffened panel concept that utilizes a structural foam as stiffener core has been designed for aircraft primary structural applications. This stiffener concept utilizes a manufacturing process that can be adapted readily to grid-stiffened structural configurations which possess inherent damage tolerance characteristics due to their multiplicity of load paths. The foam-filled hat-stiffener concept in a prismatically stiffened panel configuration is more efficient than most other stiffened panel configurations in a load range that is typical for both fuselage and wing structures. The prismatically stiffened panel concept investigated here has been designed using AS4/3502 preimpregnated tape and Rohacell foam core and evaluated for its buckling and postbuckling behavior with and without low-speed impact damage. The results from single-stiffener and multi-stiffener specimens suggest that this structural concept responds to loading as anticipated and has good damage tolerance characteristics.

Ambur, Damodar R.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Stiffness and strength tailoring in uniform space-filling truss structures

This paper presents a deterministic procedure for tailoring the continuum stiffness and strength of uniform space-filling truss structures through the appropriate selection of truss geometry and member sizes (i.e., flexural and axial stiffnesses and length). The trusses considered herein are generated by replication of a characteristic truss cell uniformly through space. The repeating cells are categorized by one of a set of possible geometric symmetry groups derived using the techniques of crystallography. The elastic symmetry associated with each geometric symmetry group is identified to aid in the selection of an appropriate truss geometry for a given application. Stiffness and strength tailoring of a given truss geometry is enabled through explicit expressions relating the continuum stiffnesses and failure stresses of the truss to the stiffnesses and failure loads of its members. These expressions are derived using an existing equivalent continuum analysis technique and a newly developed analytical failure theory for trusses. Several examples are presented to illustrate the application of these techniques, and to demonstrate the usefulness of the information gained from this analysis.

Lake, Mark S.↗