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Lunar surface mining - A review of some major environmental constraints
Environmental factors affecting lunar mining operations
Evaluation of Color and Color Infrared Photography from the Goldfield Mining District, Esmerelda and Nye Countries, Nevada
The determination of geological features characteristic of the Goldfield epithermal ore deposits is considered and which of them can be identified from color and color infrared aerial photography. The Goldfield mining district in the western part of the Basin and Range Province is the area of study, located in desert terrain of relatively low relief.
Portable breathing apparatus for coal mines
The state of the art in portable oxygen breathing equipment is reported. Considered are self-containing as well as chemically generating oxygen sources and their effectiveness and limitations in mine rescue operations.
A portable life support system for use in mines
The portable life support system described in this paper represents a potential increase in the probability of survival for miners who are trapped underground by a fire or explosion. The habitability and life support capability of the prototype shelter have proved excellent. Development of survival chamber life support systems for wide use in coal mines is definitely within the capabilities of current technology.
Some Pb and Sr isotopic measurements on eclogites from the Roberts Victor Mine, South Africa.
Five nodules of eclogite, one nodule of garnet peridotite, and one sample of kimberlite from the Roberts Victor Mine in the Orange Free State were analyzed for concentrations of U, Th, Pb, Rb, and Sr, and also isotopic compositions of Pb and Sr. Results are presented and analyzed. They indicate that the Roberts Victor eclogites have been contaminated by lead from the host rock of kimberlite. This finding suggests that stepwise extraction of lead may be a means of obtaining the isotopic composition of the primary lead in kimberlitic eclogites.
Fracture mapping and strip mine inventory in the midwest by using ERTS-1 imagery
Fracture mapping and strip mine inventory in Indiana and Illinois using ERTS-1 imagery
Determine utility of ERTS-1 to detect and monitor area strip mining and reclamation
Utility of ERTS-1 to detect and monitor area strip mining and reclamation in Southeastern Ohio
Monitoring vegetation cover on mine dumps with ERTS-1 imagery: Some initial results
Monitoring vegetation cover on mine dumps in South Africa with ERTS-1 imagery
Digital analysis of Potomac River Basin ERTS imagery: Sedimentation levels at the Potomac-Anacostia confluence and strip mining in Allegheny County, Maryland
Digital analysis of Potomac River Basin ERTS-1 imagery, sedimentation levels at the Potomac-Anacostia confluence, and strip mining in Allegheny County, Maryland
Digital analysis of Potomac River Basin ERTS imagery: Sedimentation levels at the Potomac-Anacostia confluence and strip mining in Allegheny County, Maryland
Two simple algorithms for classification of sedimentation levels in water and for delineation of active strip mines are in use as part of the development of a more general resource management information system. ERTS MSS CCT's are processed so that each pixel in each channel is geographically referenced and can be accessed individually during whole frame, multi-channel analysis or partial frame analysis. The sedimentation analysis clearly separates classes representing the turbid Anacostia water, the less disturbed Potomac (really), and mud flats resulting from effluent of a major sewage treatment plant. Mud flats of organic or mineral origin are easily distinguished.
Feasibility of mining lunar resources for earth use: Circa 2000 AD. Volume 1: Summary
The feasibility of obtaining lunar minerals for terrestrial uses is examined. Preliminary results gave indications that it will not be economically feasible to mine, refine, and transport lunar materials to Earth for consumption. A broad systems approach was used to analyze the problem. It was determined that even though the procedure was not economically advisable, the concept for the operations is technically sound.
Automated strip-mine and reclamation mapping from ERTS
The author has identified the following significant results. Computer processing techniques were applied to ERTS-1 computer-compatible tape (CCT) data acquired in August 1972 on the Ohio Power Company's coal mining operation in Muskingum County, Ohio. Processing results succeeded in automatically classifying, with an accuracy greater than 90%: (1) stripped earth and major sources of erosion; (2) partially reclaimed areas and minor sources of erosion; (3) water with sedimentation; (4) water without sedimentation; and (5) vegetation. Computer-generated tables listing the area in acres and square kilometers were produced for each target category. Processing results also included geometrically corrected map overlays, one for each target category, drawn on a transparent material by a pen under computer control. Each target category is assigned a distinctive color on the overlay to facilitate interpretation. The overlays, drawn at a scale of 1:250,000 when placed over an AMS map of the same area, immediately provided map locations for each target. These mapping products were generated at a tenth of the cost of conventional mapping techniques.
Apparatus for monitoring the condition of mining machinery transmissions
A portable apparatus is reported for measuring vibro-acoustic signals of mining machine transmissions for analysis of vibration levels and for damage detection. An automatic recording device connected to the detection channels permits measurments of the overall level of vibroacceleration as well as of the level in octave bands.
Automated strip-mine and reclamation mapping from ERTS
Using computer processing techniques, it is possible to produce geometrically-corrected maps of the coal strip mines in East-Central Ohio by utilizing ERTS-1 CCTs. Several target categories can be drawn by a computer-controlled pen on film that will accurately overlay a base map of any scale selected by the operator. For each overlay, the computer can generate a table that shows the area of each target category in square kilometers, acres, or percent of total area.
Automatic mapping of strip mine operations from spacecraft data
The author has identified the following significant results. Computer techniques were applied to process ERTS tapes acquired over coal mining operations in southeastern Ohio on 21 August 1972 and 3 September 1973. ERTS products obtained included geometrically-correct map overlays, at scales from 1:24,000 to 1:250,000, showing stripped earth, partially reclaimed earth, water, and natural vegetation. Computer-generated tables listing the area covered by each land-water category in square kilometers were also produced. By comparing these mapping products, the study demonstrates the capability of ERTS to monitor changes in the extent of stripping and reclamation. NASA C-130 photography acquired on 7 September 1973 when compared with the ERTS products generated from the 3 September 1973 tape established the categorization accuracy to be better than 90%. It is estimated that the stripping and reclamation maps and data were produced from the ERTS CCTs at a tenth of the cost of conventional techniques.
Development of remote sensing techniques for assessment of hydrologic conditions in coal mining regions of Appalachia
In December of 1974 the John F. Kennedy Space Center, NASA, and the Water Resources Division, United States Geological Survey (USGS), acquired photographic, thermal, and multispectral data over the Cumberland region of eastern Tennessee. This data was effectively used to delineate ground water sources, and surface water runoff into river systems in the Cumberlands. The data, coupled with an overview of the area from the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS), could be useful in determining hydrologic conditions in coal mining regions of the Appalachians.
Applicability of satellite remote sensing for detection and monitoring of coal strip mining activities
The author has identified the following significant results. Large areas covered by orbital photography allows the user to estimate the acreage of strip mining activity from a few frames. Infrared photography both in color and in black and white transparencies was found to be the best suited for this purpose.