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Multifunctional cellulases are potent, versatile tools for a renewable bioeconomy
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Three-dimensional electronic scaffolds for monitoring and regulation of multifunctional hybrid tissues
Recently, the integration of electronic elements with cellular scaffolds has brought forth the ability to monitor and control tissue function actively by using flexible free-standing two-dimensional (2D) systems. Capabilities for electrically probing complex, physicochemical and biological three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments demand, however, 3D electronic scaffolds with well-controlled geometries and functional-component distributions. This work presents the development of flexible 3D electronic scaffolds with precisely defined dimensions and microelectrode configurations formed using a process that relies on geometric transformation of 2D precursors by compressive buckling. It demonstrates a capability to fabricate these constructs in diverse 3D architectures and/or electrode distributions aimed at achieving an enhanced level of control and regulation of tissue function relatively to that of other approaches. In addition, this work presents the integration of these 3D electronic scaffolds within engineered 3D cardiac tissues, for monitoring of tissue function, controlling tissue contraction through electrical stimulation, and initiating on-demand, local release of drugs, each through well-defined volumetric spaces. These ideas provide opportunities in fields ranging from in vitro drug development to in vivo tissue repair and many others.
Multifunctional nitrile additives for inducing pseudo-concentration gel-polymer electrolyte: Enabling stable high-voltage lithium metal batteries
High-voltage lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising for next-generation high-energy storage systems. Unfortunately, their implementation has been severely plagued by the interfacial instability between the high-voltage cathodes/lithium metal (LM) anodes and electrolytes. To tackle these challenges, a novel nitrile additive, 1,4-dicyanobenzene (DCB) (Synonyms: terephthalonitrile), is added to the in situ polymerized pentaerythritol tetraacrylate-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). The DCB additive, as demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally, plays a crucial role in altering the Li+ coordinated solvation structure within the GPE. This alteration leads to the formation of a pseudo-concentrated electrolyte with a tightly packed Li+ cluster, expanding the electrochemical stability window of the electrolyte. Moreover, the DCB-included GPE significantly improves its compatibility with both LM anode and high-voltage cathode, attributed to the modified solvation structure and the generated LiF-rich electrolyte/electrode interphases. Accordingly, the GPE enables stable cyclic performance of LMBs based on a 4.9 V LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 cathode at a low relative negative/positive ratio of 4, achieving a high reversible capacity of 123.8 mAh g -1 with a capacity retention of 87.7% over 500 cycles at 0.5 C. This work provides new insights into enhancing the cyclability of high-voltage LMBs via the synergistic effect of additives and GPE.
Performance analysis of functionally graded multifunctional piezoelectric energy harvesting microgyroscopes
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are composite materials with varying material properties in one or more directions. These materials possess distinct characteristics compared to their constituent components. The ability to control material distribution and compositions in FGMs offers improved constraints over the natural frequencies of the system, making them highly suitable for energy harvesting applications. In this study, we focus on a piezoelectric FGM composed of Platinum (Pt) and Lead Titanate Zirconate (PZT). By utilizing FGMs for energy harvesting, we simplify the system from a multilayer structure to a single-layer system, thereby increasing power density by reducing volume. In this work, a power law distribution is used to model the material variation throughout the thickness of the single-layered beam. The governing equations of motion and boundary conditions for FG energy harvesting microgyroscope are derived using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, the constitutive piezoelectric principle, and the extended Hamilton's principle. To simulate the nonlinear motion of the FG energy harvester, we employ the differential quadrature method (DQM). Subsequently, an investigation is carried out to examine the effects of various factors including material distribution, platinum percentage, base rotation, DC voltage, and electrical load resistance on the energy harvesting microgyroscope with functionally graded materials. Here, the findings suggest that functionally graded energy harvesting gyroscopes can be adjusted to obtain effective energy harvesting and sensing capabilities by carefully selecting the material distribution, input voltage, and electrical load resistance.
Plasmid DNA nanogels as photoresponsive materials for multifunctional bio-applications
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CuZnCoO x multifunctional catalyst for in situ hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with ethanol as hydrogen carrier
Catalytic in situ hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural 1 (5-HMF) to 2,5- dimethylfuran (DMF) has received a great interest in recent years. However, the issue of the consumption of expensive hydrogen donors, such as secondary alcohols, limits its applications. In this work, a ternary CuZnCoO x catalyst, exhibiting a 99% yield of DMF from in situ hydrogenation of 5-HMF with ethanol as economical hydrogen donor, is developed. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS-mapping), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) reveal the synergy effect of each components. Reaction mechanism studies unravel the CoO x results in promoting in situ H 2 production from ethanol, the zinc oxide accelerates the aldehyde group (-CHO) hydrogenation to hydroxymethyl group (-CH 2 OH) and the formation of Cu-Co alloy significantly facilitate the hydrogenation of 5-HMF. Additionally, this ternary CuZnCoO x catalyst exhibits superior recyclability without losing any activity during 6 cycles experiment.
Multifunctional dopamine-assisted preparation of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
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Oxidation of bisphenol A (BPA) and related compounds by the multifunctional catalytic globin dehalop
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Hydrothermal synthesis for new multifunctional materials: A few examples of phosphates and phosphonate-based hybrid materials
Novel physical or chemical properties are expected in a great variety of materials, in connection with the dimensionality of their structures and/or with their nanostructures, hierarchical superstructures etc. In the search of new advanced materials, the hydrothermal technique plays a crucial role, mimicking the nature able to produce fractal, hyperbranched, urchin-like or snow flake structures. In this short review including new results, this will be illustrated by examples selected in two types of materials, phosphates and phosphonates, prepared by this method. The importance of the synthesis parameters will be highlighted for a magnetic iron based phosphates and for hybrids containing phosphonates organic building units crystallizing in different structural types. - Graphical abstract: Phosphate dendrite like and phosphonate platelet crystals.
Syntheses, structures and luminescence for zinc coordination polymers based on a multifunctional 4′-(3-carboxyphenyl)- 3,2′:6′,3″-terpyridine ligand
Six new coordination polymers, [ZnLCl]{sub n}(1), [ZnL{sub 2}]{sub n}·2nH{sub 2}O (2), [Zn{sub 2}L(o-bdc)(OH)]{sub n}·0.5nH{sub 2}O (3), [Zn{sub 2}L(m-bdc)(OH)]{sub n}·nH{sub 2}O (4), [Zn{sub 2}L{sub 2}(p-bdc) (H{sub 2}O){sub 2}]{sub n}·nH{sub 2}O (5), [Zn{sub 2}L(1,2,4-btc)(H{sub 2}O)]{sub n}(6), (HL=4′-(3-carboxyphenyl)- 3,2′:6′,3″-terpyridine, H{sub 2}(o-bdc)= benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, H{sub 2}(m-bdc)= benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, H{sub 2}(p-bdc)= benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, H{sub 3}(1,2,4-btc)= benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid) have been synthesized under the hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 displays a 3-connected 2D network structure with point symbol of {8"2.10}. Compound 2 exhibits 1D infinite loop chain structure. Compound 3 possesses a (3,8)-connected 3D framework composed of tetranuclear units with point symbol of {4"3}{sub 2}{4"6.6"1"8.8"4}. Compound 4 features a typical 2D hcb network based on tetranuclear zinc(II) units with point symbol of {4"4.6"2}. Compound 5 presents a classical two-fold penetration sql network with point symbol of {6"3}. Compound 6 can be seen as a (3,3,6)-connected 3D net with point symbol of {4"2.6"4.8"9}{4"2.6}{6"3}. The thermal stability and luminescent properties of compounds 1–6 in the solid state are discussed in detail. - Graphical abstract: Six new Zn(II) coordination polymers based on multicarboxylate and terpyridyl derivative ligands have synthesized under the hydrothermal conditions and the thermal stability and luminescence are discussed. Display Omitted.
A multifunctional chemical sensor based on a three-dimensional lanthanide metal-organic framework
A 3D lanthanide MOF with formula [Sm{sub 2}(abtc){sub 1.5}(H{sub 2}O){sub 3}(DMA)]·H{sub 2}O·DMA (1) has been successfully synthesized via solvothermal method. Luminescence studies reveal that 1 exhibits dual functional detection benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde among different aromatic molecules. In addition, 1 displays a turn-on luminescence sensing with respect to ethanol among different alcohol molecules, which suggests that 1 is also a promising luminescent probe for high selective sensing of ethanol. - Highlights: • A three-dimensional lanthanide metal-organic framework has been synthesized. • Complex 1 exhibits dual functional detection benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde among different aromatic molecules. • Complex 1 displays a turn-on luminescence sensing with respect to ethanol among different alcohol molecules.