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Results for “plasma sheaths”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1978

Interplanetary magnetic holes - Theory

Magnetic holes in the interplanetary medium are explained as stationary nonpropagating equilibrium structures in which there are field-aligned enhancements of the plasma density and/or temperature. Magnetic antiholes are considered to be associated with depressions in the plasma pressure. In this model the observed changes in the magnetic field intensity and direction are due to diamagnetic currents that are carried by ions which drift in a sheath as the result of gradients in the magnetic field and in the plasma pressure within the sheath. The thickness of the sheaths that we consider is approximately a few ion Larmor radii. An electric field is normal to the magnetic field in the sheath. Solutions of Vlasov's equation and Maxwell's equations are presented which account for several types of magnetic holes, including 'null sheets,' that have been observed.

Burlaga, L. F.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Resonant absorption of Alfvenic surface waves and the heating of solar coronal loops

A first-order mass- and energy-balance model is developed for steady-state EUV 'coronal rain' loops that are not associated with postflare events and are often seen over sunspot umbrae. The model disregards variations in a loop's thermodynamic and magnetic properties along magnetic-field lines and yields average properties of the resonant absorption sheath, the boundary layer, and the loop's interior. Both irreversible heating by Alfvenic surface waves and energy transport via induced boundary-layer convection are taken into account in the analysis. Results that include predictions of the temperatures of the sheath and the boundary-layer plasma, the temperature of the interior plasma, the radiative output of the loop, and the filling factor associated with this radiation are given in terms of the period and velocity amplitude of the relevant surface wave as well as various parameters that characterize a typical 'coronal rain' loop. These results are shown to be consistent with the observed minimum and maximum temperatures as well as the radiative output of typical 'coronal rain' loops.

Ionson, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Numerical simulation of sheath structure and current-voltage characteristics of a conductor-dielectric disk in a plasma

A computer program is being developed to simulate the interaction of a plasma with a conducting disk. Two configurations are examined: (1) the conductor is a 'button' in the center of a larger dielectric disk, and (2) the conducting disk is covered by a dielectric disk to the same size with a circular hole in the center of the dielectric, exposing a region of conductor. Results of the electrostatic plasma simulation are presented both with and without secondary electron emission from the dielectric; characteristic curves and voltage profiles are included.

Chaky, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Numerical simulation of a disk-shaped electron accelerating electrostatic probe

This paper presents a method utilizing the numerical plasma simulation particle-in-cell technique for studying electron accelerating probe characteristics. A probe configuration other than the commonly used plane, cylindrical, or spherical case will be studied; the probe configuration used is that of a disk. Cylindrical geometry is used in the simulation model. One of the advantages of a numerical simulation is the ease with which the details of the system can be examined. Therefore, in addition to the current-voltage characteristics of the static probe, other results are presented such as the time evolution of the plasma properties and studies of the sheath region surrounding the probe.

Nonnast, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Laboratory observations of ion cyclotron waves associated with a double layer in an inhomogeneous magnetic field

Observations of coherent electrostatic ion cyclotron (EIC) waves associated with a strong, magnetized double layer are presented. The double layers are produced in a weakly ionized argon plasma by applying a positive potential to an electrode plate located in the diverging magnetic field region of a cylindrical plasma column. Ionization within the electrode sheath is essential to the formation of these double layers. The resulting V-shaped potential structures have extended parallel, oblique and perpendicular (to B) electric field components. The frequency of the ion cyclotron instability is dependent upon the magnetic field strength at the position of the parallel potential structure. The properties of EIC waves in the presence of the double layer are discussed in relation to the possible excitation mechanisms (field-aligned currents, ion and electron beams, and perpendicular E fields).

Alport, M. J.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Electron beam experiments at high altitudes

Experiments with the electron gun on the SCATHA satellite produced evidence of beam-plasma interactions, and heating of the low energy electrons around the satellite. These experiments were conducted near geosynchronous orbit, in the dusk bulge, and plasma sheet, with one short operation in the lobe regions, providing a range of ambient plasma densities. The electron gun was operated at 50 eV, with beam currents of 1, 10, and 100 micro-A. Data from electrostatic analyzers and the dc electric field experiment show that the satellite charged to near the beam energy in sunlight, if the beam current was sufficient. Higher ambient densities required higher beam currents. The electrostatic analyzers showed distribution functions which had peaks, or plateaus, at energies greater than the satellite potential. These measurements indicate heating of the ambient plasma at several Debye lengths from the satellite, with the heated plasma then accelerated into the satellite. It is likely that the ambient plasma is in fact the photoelectron sheath generated by the satellite.

Olsen, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Electron beam experiments at high altitudes

Experiments with the electron gun on the SCATHA satellite produced evidence of beam-plasma interactions, and heating of the low energy electrons around the satellite. These experiments were conducted near geosynchronous orbit, in the dusk bulge, and plasma sheet, with one short operation in the lobe regions, providing a range of ambient plasma densities. The electron gun was operated at 50 eV, with beam currents of 1, 10, and 100 micro-A. Data from electrostatic analyzers and the DC electric field experiment show that the satellite charged to near the beam energy in sunlight, if the beam current was sufficient. Higher ambient densities required higher beam currents. The electrostatic analyzers showed distribution functions which had peaks, or plateaus, at energies greater than the satellite potential. These measurements indicate heating of the ambient plasma at several Debye lengths from the satellite, with the heated plasma then accelerated into the satellite. It is likely that the ambient plasma is in fact the photoelectron sheath generated by the satellite.

Olsen, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves observed in the plasma depletion layer

Observations from AMPTE/CCE in the earth's magnetosheath on October 5, 1984 are presented to illustrate 0.1 - 4.0 Hz magnetic field pulsations in the subsolar plasma depletion layer (PDL) for northward sheath field during a magnetospheric compression. The PDL is unambiguously identified by comparing CCE data with data from IRM in the upstream solar wind. Pulsations in the PDL are dominated by transverse waves with F/F(H+) 1.0 or less and a slot in spectral power at F/F(H+) = 0.5. The upper branch is left hand polarized while the lower branch is linearly polarized. In the sheath the proton temperature anisotropy is about 0.6 but it is about 1.7 in the PDL during wave occurrence. The properties and correlation of waves with increased anisotropy indicate that they are electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves.

Anderson, B. J.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Advanced electric propulsion and space plasma contactor research

A theory of the plasma contacting process is described and experimental results obtained using three different hollow cathode-based plasma contactors are presented. The existence of a sheath across which the bulk of the voltage drop associated with the contacting process occurs is demonstrated. Test results are shown to agree with a model of a spherical, space-charge-limited double sheath. The concept of ignited mode contactor operation is discussed, which is shown to enhance contactor efficiency when it is collecting electrons. An investigation of the potentials in the plasma plumes downstream of contactors operating at typical conditions is presented. Results of tests performed on hollow cathodes operating at high interelectrode pressures (up to about 1000 Torr) on ammonia are presented and criteria that are necessary to ensure that the cathode will operate properly in this regime are presented. These results suggest that high pressure hollow cathode operation is difficult to achieve and that special care must be taken to assure that the electron emission region remains diffuse and attached to the low work function insert. Experiments conducted to verify results obtained previously using a ring cusp ion source equipped with a moveable anode are described and test results are reported. A theoretical study of hollow cathode operation at high electron emission currents is presented. Preliminary experiments using the constrained sheath optics concept to achieve ion extraction under conditions of high beam current density, low net accelerating voltage and well columniated beamlet formation are discussed.

Wilbur, Paul J.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Langmuir Probe Distortions and Probe Compensation in an Inductively Coupled Plasma

In many RF discharges, Langmuir probe measurements are usually made against a background of sinusoidal (and not so sinusoidal) fluctuations in the plasma parameters such as the plasma potential (Vp), the electron number density (ne), and the electron temperature (Te). The compensation of sinusoidal fluctuations in Vp has been extensively studied and is relatively well understood. Less attention has been paid to the possible distortions introduced by small fluctuations in plasma density and/or plasma temperature, which may arise in the sheath and pre-sheath regions of RF discharges. Here, we present the results of a model simulation of probe characteristics subject to fluctuations in both Vp and ne. The modeling of probe distortion due to possible fluctuations in Te is less straightforward. A comparison is presented of calculations with experimental measurements using a compensated and uncompensated Langmuir probe in an inductively coupled GEC reference cell plasma, operating on Ar and Ar/CF4 mixtures. The plasma parameters determined from the compensated probe characteristics are compared to previous measurements of others made in similar discharges, and to our own measurements of the average electron density derived from electrical impedance measurements.

Ji, J. S.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Aperture plane potential control for thermal ion measurements

The effects produced by the addition of an aperture plane to control the bias around an instrument for low-energy ion measurements on satellites collecting data in the plasmasphere and over the polar cap are analyzed. The analysis is based on the design and functions of the retarding ion mass spectrometer (RIMS) on the DE 1 satellite. The NASA Charging Analyzer Program, which treats the spacecraft as a cylinder, was used to generate one set of predictions. A second model involves solution of the Laplace equation with the spacecraft treated as a sphere. Both models were used to predict the barrier height expected at the aperture in response to the bias induced to offset the potential. Comparisons with plasma data show that in the thin sheath regime of the plasmasphere the detectors act as if the potential is shifted, thereby lowering the energy resolution of the instrument. Outside the plasmasphere the barrier height dominates the spin curve variations more than the potential. Partial potential control is available from induced bias apertures if control is active and guided by electron detectors with sensitivities in the 0.5-50.0 eV energy range.

Olsen, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1994

The characteristic of the magnetopause reconnection X-line deduced from low-altitude satellite observations of cusp ions

We present an analysis of a 'quasi-steady' cusp ion dispersion signature observed at low altitudes. We reconstruct the field-parallel part of the Cowley-D ion distribution function, injected into the open low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) in the vicinity of the reconnection X-line. From this we find the field parallel magnetosheath flow at the X-line was only 20 +/- 60 km/s, placing the reconnection site close to the flow streamline which is perpendicular to the magnetosheath field. Using interplanetary data and assuming the subsolar magnetopause is in pressure balance, we derive a wealth of information about the X-line, including: the density, flow, magnetic field and Alfven speed of the magnetosheath; the magnetic shear across the X-line; the de-Hoffman Teller speed with which field lines emerge from the X-line; the magnetospheric field; and the ion transmission factor across the magnetopause. The results indicate that some heating takes place near the X-line as the ions cross the magnetopause, and that sheath densities may be reduced in a plasma depletion layer. We also compute the reconnection rate. Despite its quasi-steady appearance on an ion spectrogram, this cusp is found to reveal a large pulse of enhanced reconnection rate.

Lockwood, M.↗
NASA NTRS1996

A proof of concept investigation: A unique mobility spectrometer for In Situ diagnostics of positive and negative ion distributions in the mesosphere and lower ionosphere

We have carried out a proof-of-concept development and test effort that not only promises the reduction of parasitic effects of surface contamination (therefore increasing the integrity of 'in situ' measurements in the 60-130 km regime), but promises a uniquely expanded measurement set that includes electron densities, plasma conductivities, charged-particle mobilities, and mass discrimination of positive and negative ion distributions throughout the continuum to free-molecular-flow regimes. Three different sensor configurations were designed, built and tested, along with specialized driving voltage, electrometer and channeltron control electronics. The individual systems were tested in a variety of simulated space environments ranging from pressures near the continuum limit of 100 mTorr to the collisionless regime at 10(exp -6) Torr. Swept modes were initially employed to better understand ion optics and ion 'beam' losses to end walls and to control electrodes. This swept mode also helped better understand and mitigate the influences of secondary electrons on the overall performance of the PIMS design concept. Final results demonstrated the utility of the concept in dominant single-ion plasma environments. Accumulated information, including theoretical concepts and laboratory data, suggest that multi-ion diagnostics are fully within the instrument capabilities and that cold plasma tests with minimized pre-aperture sheath acceleration are the key ingredients to multi-ion success.

Szuszczewicz, Edward P.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Plasma Potential and Langmuir Probe Measurements in the Near-field Plume of the NASA 300M Hall Thruster

In order to aid in the design of high-power Hall thrusters and provide experimental validation for existing modeling efforts, plasma potential and Langmuir probe measurements were performed in the near-field plume of the NASA 300M Hall thruster. A probe array consisting of a Faraday probe, Langmuir probe, and emissive probe was used to interrogate the plume from approximately 0.1 - 2.0 DT,m downstream of the thruster exit plane at four operating conditions: 300 V, 400 V, and 500 V at 20 kW as well as 300 V at 10 kW. Results show that the acceleration zone and high-temperature region were contained within 0.3 DT,m from the exit plane at all operating conditions. Isothermal lines were shown to strongly follow magnetic field lines in the nearfield, with maximum temperatures ranging from 19 - 27 eV. The electron temperature spatial distribution created large drops in measured floating potentials in front of the magnetic pole surfaces where the plasma density was small, which suggests strong sheaths at these surfaces. The data taken have provided valuable information for future design and modeling validation, and complements ongoing internal measurement efforts on the NASA 300 M.

Herman, Daniel A↗
NASA NTRS2012

Plasma Potential and Langmuir Probe Measurements in the Near-field Plume of the NASA-300M Hall Thruster

In order to aid in the design of high-power Hall thrusters and provide experimental validation for existing modeling efforts, plasma potential and Langmuir probe measurements were performed in the near-field plume of the NASA-300M Hall thruster. A probe array consisting of a Faraday probe, Langmuir probe, and emissive probe was used to interrogate the plume from approximately 0.1 - 2.0 mean thruster diameters downstream of the thruster exit plane at four operating conditions: 300 V, 400 V, and 500 V at 20 kW as well as 300 V at 10 kW. Results show that the acceleration zone and high-temperature region were contained within 0.3 mean thruster diameters from the exit plane at all operating conditions. Isothermal lines were shown to strongly follow magnetic field lines in the near-field, with maximum temperatures ranging from 19 - 27 eV. The electron temperature spatial distribution created large drops in measured floating potentials in front of the magnetic pole surfaces where the plasma density was low, which suggests strong sheaths at these surfaces. The data taken have provided valuable information for future design and modeling validation, and complements ongoing internal measurement efforts on the NASA-300M.

Herman, Daniel A.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Validation and applications of the POLAR code

The Potentials of Large Objects in the Auroral Region (POLAR) code was written to model the charging of large spacecraft by auroral electrons in low polar orbit. It has also proven to be a powerful tool for analysis of active and voltage-plasma interactions. POLAR combines 3-D object definition, direct solution to Poisson's equation, space charge transport, and surface charge computation. Physical effects treated by POLAR include the plasma wake and ram, the geomagnetic field, ionization, sheath and barrier formation, and photo and secondary electron generation and transport. Polar development is complete and it is now available to the aerospace community. The methodology of POLAR is reviewed but concentration is on the applications of POLAR to physical problems and observations with the intent of demonstrating both the code's capabilities, and its limitations. These applications include the Space Shuttle, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites, sounding rockets, plasma chamber experiments, and things not yet flown.

Cooke, David L.↗