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NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Recent Advances in Soft Matter Characterization Capabilities Developed at NASA GRC for Lunar Exploration: Differential Dynamic Microscopy to Spectroscopy to Computer Vision

In 1991, famous French scientist Pierre-Gilles de Genes was awarded Nobel prize for his impactful research in soft matter, more specifically polymers. He is defined as the founding father of soft matter. In his Nobel lecture (https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/gennes-lecture.pdf ) he described soft matter aka complex fluids as materials with two primary features – (a) complexity and (b) flexibility. The sub-categories of soft matter (e.g.- granular materials, polymers, foams, colloids etc.) are defined on the basis of Pierre-Gilles de Gennes’ definition. At NASA GRC, we are pushing the boundaries for fundamental study of soft matter on Lunar Surface. With regard to Lunar surface science, we are focusing on developing capabilities pertaining to granular materials and bio-soft/active matter to facilitate future efforts in ISRU and bio-ISRU capabilities. In order to achieve fundamental goals of soft matter research within the limitations of Lunar environment, the scientific capabilities need to be small, flexible, modular, off the shelf and the focus needs to be more on developing an interdisciplinary capability that leverages the recent growth in AI/ML and Computer Vision to augment our understanding of fundamental science. This strategy would allow us to reduce our resource requirement during launch, installation, and occupied real estate footprint on Lunar surface In this talk, we will go over 3 different capabilities that we have developed in house and in close collaboration – (a) Differential Dynamic Microscopy (DDM), (b) Portable In-situ Chemical Spectroscopy (PICS) and (c) Computer Vision Enabled Observation. At very high level, Differential Dynamic Microscopy (DDM) allows us to study the structure-property-process relation (microrheology) of bio-soft/active matter using optical microscope and improved image analysis capabilities. PICS uses AI/ML-based advanced signal deconvolution and analysis technique that can work with existing portable spectroscopy tools to perform materials analysis (e.g.- granular materials and bio-soft/active matter) inspection on the go. Finally, computer vision enabled analysis allows us to use simple camera images for 3D reconstruction of experimental process and tracking of objects of interest in an experiment. We expect that this detailed process will allow us reach a thorough understanding of soft matter in Lunar environment. The capabilities developed by us will help to validate and establish fundamental understanding in Lunar environment. This will, in turn, allow us to guide future space exploration missions and expand the knowledge base of the scientific and engineering communities.

Suman Sinha Ray↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Recent Advances in Soft Matter Characterization Capabilities Developed at NASA GRC for Lunar Exploration: Differential Dynamic Microscopy to Spectroscopy to Computer Vision

In 1991, famous French scientist Pierre-Gilles de Genes was awarded Nobel prize for his impactful research in soft matter, more specifically polymers. He is defined as the founding father of soft matter. In his Nobel lecture (https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/gennes-lecture.pdf ) he described soft matter aka complex fluids as materials with two primary features – (a) complexity and (b) flexibility. The sub-categories of soft matter (e.g.- granular materials, polymers, foams, colloids etc.) are defined on the basis of Pierre-Gilles de Gennes’ definition. At NASA GRC, we are pushing the boundaries for fundamental study of soft matter on Lunar Surface. With regard to Lunar surface science, we are focusing on developing capabilities pertaining to granular materials and bio-soft/active matter to facilitate future efforts in ISRU and bio-ISRU capabilities. In order to achieve fundamental goals of soft matter research within the limitations of Lunar environment, the scientific capabilities need to be small, flexible, modular, off the shelf and the focus needs to be more on developing an interdisciplinary capability that leverages the recent growth in AI/ML and Computer Vision to augment our understanding of fundamental science. This strategy would allow us to reduce our resource requirement during launch, installation, and occupied real estate footprint on Lunar surface. In this talk, we will go over 3 different capabilities that we have developed in house and in close collaboration – (a) Differential Dynamic Microscopy (DDM), (b) Portable In-situ Chemical Spectroscopy (PICS) and (c) Computer Vision Enabled Observation. At very high level, Differential Dynamic Microscopy (DDM) allows us to study the structure-property-process relation (microrheology) of bio-soft/active matter using optical microscope and improved image analysis capabilities. PICS uses AI/ML-based advanced signal deconvolution and analysis technique that can work with existing portable spectroscopy tools to perform materials analysis (e.g.- granular materials and bio-soft/active matter) inspection on the go. Finally, computer vision enabled analysis allows us to use simple camera images for 3D reconstruction of experimental process and tracking of objects of interest in an experiment. We expect that this detailed process will allow us reach a thorough understanding of soft matter in Lunar environment. The capabilities developed by us will help to validate and establish fundamental understanding in Lunar environment. This will, in turn, allow us to guide future space exploration missions and expand the knowledge base of the scientific and engineering communities.

Suman Sinha-Ray↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Recent Advances in Soft Matter Characterization Capabilities Developed at NASA GRC for Lunar Exploration: Differential Dynamic Microscopy to Spectroscopy to Computer Vision

In 1991, famous French scientist Pierre-Gilles de Genes was awarded Nobel prize for his impactful research in soft matter, more specifically polymers. He is defined as the founding father of soft matter. In his Nobel lecture (https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/gennes-lecture.pdf ) he described soft matter aka complex fluids as materials with two primary features – (a) complexity and (b) flexibility. The sub-categories of soft matter (e.g.- granular materials, polymers, foams, colloids etc.) are defined on the basis of Pierre-Gilles de Gennes’ definition. At NASA GRC, we are pushing the boundaries for fundamental study of soft matter on Lunar Surface. With regard to Lunar surface science, we are focusing on developing capabilities pertaining to granular materials and bio-soft/active matter to facilitate future efforts in ISRU and bio-ISRU capabilities. In order to achieve fundamental goals of soft matter research within the limitations of Lunar environment, the scientific capabilities need to be small, flexible, modular, off the shelf and the focus needs to be more on developing an interdisciplinary capability that leverages the recent growth in AI/ML and Computer Vision to augment our understanding of fundamental science. This strategy would allow us to reduce our resource requirement during launch, installation, and occupied real estate footprint on Lunar surface In this talk, we will go over 3 different capabilities that we have developed in house and in close collaboration – (a) Differential Dynamic Microscopy (DDM), (b) Portable In-situ Chemical Spectroscopy (PICS) and (c) Computer Vision Enabled Observation. At very high level, Differential Dynamic Microscopy (DDM) allows us to study the structure-property-process relation (microrheology) of bio-soft/active matter using optical microscope and improved image analysis capabilities. PICS uses AI/ML-based advanced signal deconvolution and analysis technique that can work with existing portable spectroscopy tools to perform materials analysis (e.g.- granular materials and bio-soft/active matter) inspection on the go. Finally, computer vision enabled analysis allows us to use simple camera images for 3D reconstruction of experimental process and tracking of objects of interest in an experiment. We expect that this detailed process will allow us reach a thorough understanding of soft matter in Lunar environment. The capabilities developed by us will help to validate and establish fundamental understanding in Lunar environment. This will, in turn, allow us to guide future space exploration missions and expand the knowledge base of the scientific and engineering communities.

Suman Sinha Ray↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Solar Coronal Phenomenon: Imaging Spectroscopy

The Sun's outer atmosphere, known as the corona, is significantly hotter than its surface, presenting a long-standing scientific mystery. One hypothesis is that small, frequent bursts of energy, called nanoflares, may be responsible for this heating, though the exact mechanism remains unclear. Additionally, certain elements in the corona appear more abundant than expected, a phenomenon termed the "FIP effect," which might also be linked to coronal heating processes. Imaging X-ray spectroscopy offers a powerful method for investigating these solar mysteries. In this talk, we will explore these intriguing questions about the Sun and discuss how imaging X-ray spectroscopy can provide insights. We will introduce the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (MaGIXS) sounding rocket experiment and its recent successful flight, designed to probe these enigmatic aspects of the Sun.

solar corona↗
NASA NTRS2019

Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy of Cold Neutral Phenanthrene and Phenanthridine in Supersonic Jets

Here we study the effect of nitrogen insertion on the electronic spectra of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules measured under laboratory conditions that are relevant for comparison with astronomical data. We examine the case of the substitution of carbon atoms by nitrogen atoms in the benzenoid skeleton of phenanthrene (C 14 H 10 ), a prototype non-compact PAH. The vibronic transitions of the 2 1 A 1 (S 1 )←X 1 A 1 (S 0 ) electronic absorption band system of neutral phenanthrene (C 14 H 10 ) and phenanthridine (C 13 H 9 N) molecules seeded in a supersonic free jet expansion of argon gas are measured in the 315-345 nm region using the cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. Additional measurements of the absorption spectra of the phenanthrene, phenanthridine, and 1,10-phenanthroline (C 12 H 8 N 2 ) molecules isolated in 10-K solid argon matrices are also presented. The results obtained confirm that laboratory spectra of cold, isolated molecules obtained under astrophysically relevant conditions are required for a direct, unambiguous comparison with astronomical observations as well as for the understanding of the physical evolution of the interstellar medium.

Absorption band↗