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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Call to Action for Global Access to and Harmonization of Quality Information of Individual Earth Science Datasets

Knowledge about the quality of data and metadata is important to support informed decisions on the (re)use of individual datasets and is an essential part of the ecosystem that supports open science. Quality assessments reflect the reliability and usability of data. They need to be consistently curated, fully traceable, and adequately documented, as these are crucial for sound decision- and policy-making efforts that rely on data. Quality assessments also need to be consistently represented and readily integrated across systems and tools to allow for improved sharing of information on quality at the dataset level for individual quality attribute or dimension. Although the need for assessing the quality of data and associated information is well recognized, methodologies for an evaluation framework and presentation of resultant quality information to end users may not have been comprehensively addressed within and across disciplines. Global interdisciplinary domain experts have come together to systematically explore needs, challenges and impacts of consistently curating and representing quality information through the entire lifecycle of a dataset. This paper describes the findings of that effort, argues the importance of sharing dataset quality information, calls for community action to develop practical guidelines, and outlines community recommendations for developing such guidelines. Practical guidelines will allow for global access to and harmonization of quality information at the level of individual Earth science datasets, which in turn will support open science.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2026

Shortwave Spectrometer (SWS) zenith radiance swsrad.b1 v3 and higher

Hyperspectral zenith radiances from the SWS instrument reported at 1 Hz. This data stream contains calibrated, dark-subtracted, radiances from two grating array spectrometers: a Si-detector based spectrometer denoted by SW and an InGaAs based detector denoted by LW. Spectra from both spectrometers are calibrated based on the spectral responsivity determined by reference against NIST-traceable light sources are reported independently as separate arrays having the same time record but wavelength dimension specified for each detector. Because the LW spectrometer is more susceptible to temperature-induced changes, a scale factor adjustment is applied the the LW spectra to yield agreement with the SW spectra over the wavelength range where they overlap. The final radiances incorporate QC to flag saturated values, periods where house-keeping fields fall outside acceptable bounds, and to flag pixels for which the spectral responsivity is not acceptable.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Common practices for quantifying methane emissions from plumes detected by remote sensing

This document provides a set of community-accepted practices for quantifying methane emissions based on plumes detected via spectroscopic remote sensing. Its primary goal is to promote consistency in the generation, validation, reporting, and quality assessment of methane emission estimates derived from remote sensing radiances. Developed by subject matter experts with deep experience across all stages of the measurement process, this guidance reflects a critical evaluation of current methodologies and highlights key practices needed to produce reliable, interoperable, and traceable products. The focus is specifically on methane emissions quantified from distinct plumes originating from localized sources, rather than diffuse emissions spread over large regions, which are beyond the scope of this work. This document is intended to serve both data producers and users. For producers, it offers a framework for aligning with field-recognized standards to ensure their outputs meet rigorous quality and transparency criteria. For users, it provides a reference to assess dataset fitness-for-purpose by highlighting essential metadata, assumptions, and methodological choices that underpin emission estimates. By fostering a shared understanding of best practices, this work aims to enhance comparability, confidence, and utility of remotely sensed methane emission products.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Plant Bioengineering Atlas: A Knowledge Graph of Genes, DNA Constructs, and Plant Traits.

Plant bioengineering has generated tens of thousands of genotype-to-phenotype relationships, but this knowledge remains fragmented across narrative literature and difficult to use computationally. Inconsistent descriptions of DNA constructs, host species, and traits, including variable species names, omitted regulatory elements, and inconsistent gene symbols, impede data reuse, comparative analysis, and design-build-test-learn cycles. Here, we present the Plant Bioengineering Atlas, a literature-mined, ontology-grounded knowledge base assembled using an artificial intelligence (AI)-aided extraction pipeline. A large language model parsed open-access primary research articles to generate structured, provenance-anchored records of engineered genes, modification types, promoter-gene-terminator constructs, host species, target traits, and reported phenotypes, with every record traceable to its source. The current release contains 14,358 curated records encompassing 6,998 distinct genes across 436 plant species from 6,452 papers published between 2000 and 2026. Corpus analysis reveals that experiments are concentrated in a small group of model and crop species, disease and pathogen resistance is the most frequently engineered trait class, and constitutive regulatory parts (particularly the CaMV 35S promoter and NOS terminator) remain pervasive. Two in five records omit one or both flanking regulatory elements (i.e., promoter and terminator), while only 23.4% describe cassettes in which both elements resolve to named part classes, exposing a systematic reproducibility gap. We organize these data into a knowledge graph linking genes, constructs, species, and traits; provide access through an interactive web portal; and propose an AI-compatible documentation standard for AI-ready reporting. The Plant Bioengineering Atlas provides a foundation for data-driven hypothesis generation and AI-aided plant biodesign.

, Genes, DNA Constructs↗
NASA NTRS1972

Integrated operations/payloads/fleet analysis (executive summary)

The Integrated Operations/Payloads/Fleet Analysis predicts total national space program costs and launch vehicle traffic assuming either an expendable, a partially reusable or a fully reusable launch vehicle fleet. The payload system costs are estimated and reported for each payload program at the subsystem level, payload program level, user level and national level, providing complete system cost traceability. The analysis determines the primary changes to be expected for space payload programs and space operations in the space shuttle era. When the space shuttle becomes fully operational, not only will launch costs be reduced but refurbished satellite units will be flown instead of new units and maintenance will be performed on failing satellites. It is possible to implement the concepts of satellite refurbishment and maintenance because of the space shuttle's capability to retrieve and return payloads to the earth's surface. The two-way satellite transportation capability is extended to high energy orbits by use of the space shuttle/space tug combination.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1973

Geosynchronous platform definition study. Volume 4, Part 1: Traffic analysis and system requirements for the baseline traffic model

The traffic analyses and system requirements data generated in the study resulted in the development of two traffic models; the baseline traffic model and the new traffic model. The baseline traffic model provides traceability between the numbers and types of geosynchronous missions considered in the study and the entire spectrum of missions foreseen in the total national space program. The information presented pertaining to the baseline traffic model includes: (1) definition of the baseline traffic model, including identification of specific geosynchronous missions and their payload delivery schedules through 1990; (2) Satellite location criteria, including the resulting distribution of the satellite population; (3) Geosynchronous orbit saturation analyses, including the effects of satellite physical proximity and potential electromagnetic interference; and (4) Platform system requirements analyses, including satellite and mission equipment descriptions, the options and limitations in grouping satellites, and on-orbit servicing criteria (both remotely controlled and man-attended).

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1973

Evaluation of data utility for earth sciences from methodical point of view

The author has identified the following signficant results. A very distinct line representing the Ra-substage of the last deglaciation period is observable around the outer parts of the Oslo fjord. The moraine line is also traceable in some parts of the forest district on the Swedish side of the border forming part of the Central Swedish End Moraines. In the area of Lake Vanern to the southeast, the line is then again more distinct, partly due to the cultivation pattern. Outside the Central Swedish Moraine Line and nearer to the coast another not so distinct moraine line could be observed running NNW-SSE. This line crosses the coastline before reaching the Oslo fjord. Probably the moraine deposits on some outer islands in the fjord constitute part of this older moraine line. The study will be extended to districts of southern Sweden, where old moraine lines of the last deglaciation period are incompletely mapped.

Svensson, H.↗
NASA NTRS1973

California coast nearshore processes study

The author has identified the following significant results. Large scale sediment plumes from intermittent streams and rivers form detectable seasonal patterns on ERTS-1 imagery. The ocean current systems, as plotted from three California coast ERTS mosaics, were identified. Offshore patterns of sediment in areas such as the Santa Barbara Channel are traceable. These patterns extend offshore to heretofore unanticipated ranges as shown on the ERTS-1 imagery. Flying spot scanner enhancements of NASA tapes resulted in details of subtle and often invisible (to the eye) nearshore features. The suspended sediments off San Francisco and in Monterey Bay are emphasized in detail. These are areas of extremely changeable offshore sediment transport patterns. Computer generated contouring of radiance levels resulted in maps that can be used in determining surface and nearsurface suspended sediment distribution. Tentative calibrations of ERTS-1 spectral brightness against sediment load have been made using shipboard measurements. Information from the combined enhancement and interpretation techniques is applicable to operational coastal engineering programs.

Pirie, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Structural and lithologic study of northern California Coast Range and Sacramento Valley, California

The author has identified the following significant results. Photgeologic examination of repetitive multispectral ERTS-1 imagery of Northern California has disclosed several systems of linear features which may be important for the interpretation of the structural history of California. They are separated from an orthogonal system of linears in the Klamath Mts. by a set of discontinuous southeast-trending linear features (the Mendocino system) which is traceable from the Pacific Coast, at Cape Mendocino, into the eastern foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Within the Sierra Nevada, the Mendocino system separates the north-trending Sierran system from a set of linears characteristic of the Modoc Plateau. With minor exception, little overlap exists among the systems which suggests a decipherable chronology and evolutionary history for the region. The San Andres system of linears appears to truncate or co-exist with most of the other systems in the northern Coast Ranges. The Mendocino system truncates the Klamath, Sierran, and Modoc systems. The Sierran system may represent fundamental and long-persisting pre-late Paleozoic zones of crustal weakness which have been reactivated from time to time. The Mendocino system was possibly developed in early Mesozoic and is important to the structural framework of Northern California.

Rich, E. I.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Low cost automated precise time measurement system

The Aerospace Guidance and Metrology Center (AGMC) has the responsibility for the dissemination of Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) to Air Force timing systems requiring microsecond time. In order to maintain traceability to the USNO Master Clock in Washington D.C., and accomplish efficient logging of time and frequency data on individual precision clocks, a simple automatic means of acquiring precise time has been devised. The Automatic Time Interval Measurement System (ATIMS) consists of a minicomputer (8K Memory), teletype terminal, electronic counter, Loran C receiver, time base generator and locally-manufactured relay matrix panel. During the measurement process, the computer controls the relay matrix which selects for comparison 13 atomic clocks against a reference clock and the reference versus Loran C. Through use of the system teletype, the operator is able to set the system clock (hours, minutes and seconds), examine and/or modify all clock data and constants, and set measurement intervals. This is done in a conversational manner. A logic flow diagram, system schematic, source listing and software components are included in the presentation.

Alpert, A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

All chain Loran-C time synchronization

A program is in progress to implement coordinated universal time (UTC) synchronization on all Loran-C transmissions. The present capability is limited to five Loran-C chains in which the tolerance is twenty-five microseconds with respect to UTC. Upon completion of the program, the transmissions of all Loran-C chains will be maintained within five microseconds of UTC. The improvement plan consists of equipping selected Loran-C transmitting stations for greater precision of frequency standard adjustment and improved monitoring capability. External time monitor stations will utilize television time transfer techniques with nearby SATCOM terminals where practicable, thus providing the requisite traceability to the Naval Observatory. The monitor equipment groups and the interrelationships with the ground station equipment are discussed. After a brief review of control doctrine, forth-coming improvements to transmitting stations and how the time monitor and navigation equipments will complement each other resulting in improved service to all users of the Loran-C system are described.

Sherman, H. T.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Space Tug avionics definition study. Volume 1: Executive summary

A top down approach was used to identify, compile, and develop avionics functional requirements for all flight and ground operational phases. Such requirements as safety mission critical functions and criteria, minimum redundancy levels, software memory sizing, power for tug and payload, data transfer between payload, tug, shuttle, and ground were established. Those functional requirements that related to avionics support of a particular function were compiled together under that support function heading. This unique approach provided both organizational efficiency and traceability back to the applicable operational phase and event. Each functional requirement was then allocated to the appropriate subsystems and its particular characteristics were quantified.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1977

Sources of low-level wind shear around airports

Some potential sources of low-level wind shear in and around airports and their likely effects are probed and analyzed. Wind shear over flat terrain with near-homogeneous surface properties (roughness, specific heat), the turning layer, shear flows over inhomogeneous terrain (airport + urban areas), thunderstorms, turbulent flowfields over bluff bodies (individual buildings), and recirculating wake flow downstream of three-dimensional block bodies are among the topics covered. Overshoot or undershoot of runways, and induced moments (pitch, roll, yaw) in takeoff and landing, and other potential hazards traceable to wind shear patterns at low heights are discussed, with emphasis on mean flow or steady-state wind shear (time-averaged, say 2-min averaged, wind fields). Wind tunnel studies and V/STOL operations are included in the study.

Fichtl, G. H.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Unsteady loads due to propulsive lift configurations. Part A: Investigation of scaling laws

This study covered scaling laws, and pressure measurements made to determine details of the large scale jet structure and to verify scaling laws by direct comparison. The basis of comparison was a test facility at NASA Langley in which a JT-15D exhausted over a boilerplater airfoil surface to reproduce upper surface blowing conditions. A quarter scale model was built of this facility, using cold jets. A comparison between full scale and model pressure coefficient spectra, presented as functions of Strouhal numbers, showed fair agreement, however, a shift of spectral peaks was noted. This was not believed to be due to Mach number or Reynolds number effects, but did appear to be traceable to discrepancies in jet temperatures. A correction for jet temperature was then tried, similar to one used for far field noise prediction. This was found to correct the spectral peak discrepancy.

Morton, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Droplet burning at zero G

Questions of the importance and feasibility of performing experiments on droplet burning at zero gravity in Spacelab were studied. Information on the physics and chemistry of droplet combustion, with attention directed specifically to the chemical kinetics, heat and mass transfer, and fluid mechanics of the phenomena involved, are presented. The work was divided into three phases, the justification, the feasibility, and the conceptual development of a preliminary design. Results from the experiments performed revealed a few new facts concerning droplet burning, notably burning rates in excess of theoretical prediction and a phenomenon of flash extinction, both likely traceable to accumulation of carbon produced by gas-phase pyrolysis in the fuel-rich zone enclosed by the reaction surface. These experiments also showed that they were primarily due to timing difficulties.

Williams, F. A.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Solar cell spectral response characterization

The absolute spectral response of solar cells is reported in the 400-1000-nm spectral region. Measurements were performed using two different types of monochromatic sources: amplitude-stabilized CW laser lines and interference filters with an incandescent lamp. Both types of calibration procedures use electrical substitution radiometry as the basis of traceability to absolute SI units. The accuracy of the calibration is shown to be limited by the nonideal characteristics of the solar cells themselves, specifically spatial nonuniformities and nonlinearities induced by high light levels.

Zalewski, E. F.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Combustion system processes leading to corrosive deposits

Degradation of turbine engine hot gas path components by high temperature corrosion can usually be associated with deposits even though other factors may also play a significant role. The origins of the corrosive deposits are traceable to chemical reactions which take place during the combustion process. In the case of hot corrosion/sulfidation, sodium sulfate was established as the deposited corrosive agent even when none of this salt enters the engine directly. The sodium sulfate is formed during the combustion and deposition processes from compounds of sulfur contained in the fuel as low level impurities and sodium compounds, such as sodium chloride, ingested with intake air. In other turbine and power generation situations, corrosive and/or fouling deposits can result from such metals as potassium, iron, calcium, vanadium, magnesium, and silicon.

Stearns, C. A.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Chemical releases

A Chemical Release Module to be carried into orbit by the shuttle is described. The module would release chemicals from orbiting satellites in order understand processes within the Earth's magnetosphere, atmosphere and ionosphere. A large number of potential experiments are identified, ranging from introducing traceable material into the solar wind in order to study its transport to and within the magnetosphere, to injecting material into the outer magnetosphere to simulate the precipitation of trapped charged particles, to the release of material at lower altitudes to create waves both mechanical and electromagnetic.

Heppner, J. P.↗