Civil law enforcement missions
The user requirements for law enforcement, fire departments, paramedic, rescue, conservation and federal government agencies who use helicopters as a routine part of their operations are discussed.
Morrison, R. M.↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Commerce Lab: Mission analysis. Payload integration study
The objectives of the commerce lab mission analysis and payload integration study are discussed. A mission model which accommodates commercial users and provides a basic data base for future mission planning is described. The data bases developed under this study include: (1) user requirements; (2) apparatus capabilities and availabilities; and (3) carrier capabilities. These data bases are synthesized in a trades and analysis phase along with the STS flight opportunities. Optimum missions are identified.
Marvin, G. D.↗
Space Station engineering and technology development
Historical background, costs, organizational assignments, technology development, user requirements, mission evolution, systems analyses and design, systems engineering and integration, contracting, and policies of the space station are discussed.
Source record↗
Commerce lab: Mission analysis and payload integration study
Conceived as one or more arrays of carriers which would fly aboard space shuttle, Commerce Lab can provide a point of focus for implementing a series of shuttle flights, co-sponsored by NASA and U.S. domestic concerns, for performing materials processing in research and pre-commercial investigations. As an orbiting facility for testing, developing, and implementing hardware and procedures, Commerce Lab can enhance space station development and hasten space platform production capability. Tasks considered include: (1) synthesis of user requirements and identification of common element and voids; (2) definition of performance and infrastructure requirement and alternative approaches; and (3) carrier, mission model, and infrastructure development.
Source record↗
Automated CPX support system preliminary design phase
The development of the Distributed Command and Control System (DCCS) is discussed. The development of an automated C2 system stimulated the development of an automated command post exercise (CPX) support system to provide a more realistic stimulus to DCCS than could be achieved with the existing manual system. An automated CPX system to support corps-level exercise was designed. The effort comprised four tasks: (1) collecting and documenting user requirements; (2) developing a preliminary system design; (3) defining a program plan; and (4) evaluating the suitability of the TRASANA FOURCE computer model.
Bordeaux, T. A.↗
A high-speed digital signal processor for atmospheric radar, part 7.3A
The Model SP-320 device is a monolithic realization of a complex general purpose signal processor, incorporating such features as a 32-bit ALU, a 16-bit x 16-bit combinatorial multiplier, and a 16-bit barrel shifter. The SP-320 is designed to operate as a slave processor to a host general purpose computer in applications such as coherent integration of a radar return signal in multiple ranges, or dedicated FFT processing. Presently available is an I/O module conforming to the Intel Multichannel interface standard; other I/O modules will be designed to meet specific user requirements. The main processor board includes input and output FIFO (First In First Out) memories, both with depths of 4096 W, to permit asynchronous operation between the source of data and the host computer. This design permits burst data rates in excess of 5 MW/s.
Brosnahan, J. W.↗
Miniature infrared data acquisition and telemetry system
The Miniature Infrared Data Acquisition and Telemetry (MIRDAT) Phase 1 study was performed to determine the technical and commercial feasibility of producing a miniaturized electro-optical telemetry system. This system acquires and transmits experimental data from aircraft scale models for realtime monitoring in wind tunnels. During the Phase 1 study, miniature prototype MIRDAT telemetry devices were constructed, successfully tested in the laboratory and delivered to the user for wind tunnel testing. A search was conducted for commercially available components and advanced hybrid techniques to further miniaturize the system during Phase 2 development. A design specification was generated from laboratory testing, user requirements and discussions with component manufacturers. Finally, a preliminary design of the proposed MIRDAT system was documented for Phase 2 development.
Stokes, J. H.↗
Space Station Workstation Technology Workshop Report
This report describes the results of a workshop conducted at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) to identify current and anticipated trends in human-computer interface technology that may influence the design or operation of a space station workstation. The workshop was attended by approximately 40 persons from government and academia who were selected for their expertise in some aspect of human-machine interaction research. The focus of the workshop was a 1 1/2 brainstorming/forecasting session in which the attendees were assigned to interdisciplinary working groups and instructed to develop predictions for each of the following technology areas: (1) user interface, (2) resource management, (3) control language, (4) data base systems, (5) automatic software development, (6) communications, (7) training, and (8) simulation. This report is significant in that it provides a unique perspective on workstation design for the space station. This perspective, which is characterized by a major emphasis on user requirements, should be most valuable to Phase B contractors involved in design development of the space station workstation. One of the more compelling results of the workshop is the recognition that no major technological breakthroughs are required to implement the current workstation concept. What is required is the creative application of existing knowledge and technology.
Moe, K. L.↗
Conceptual design study: Forest Fire Advanced System Technology (FFAST)
An integrated forest fire detection and mapping system that will be based upon technology available in the 1990s was defined. Uncertainties in emerging and advanced technologies related to the conceptual design were identified and recommended for inclusion as preferred system components. System component technologies identified for an end-to-end system include thermal infrared, linear array detectors, automatic georeferencing and signal processing, geosynchronous satellite communication links, and advanced data integration and display. Potential system configuration options were developed and examined for possible inclusion in the preferred system configuration. The preferred system configuration will provide increased performance and be cost effective over the system currently in use. Forest fire management user requirements and the system component emerging technologies were the basis for the system configuration design. A preferred system configuration was defined that warrants continued refinement and development, examined economic aspects of the current and preferred system, and provided preliminary cost estimates for follow-on system prototype development.
Nichols, J. D.↗
Planning for Space Station utilization
User requirements for the planned Space Station, and utilization planning to meet those needs, are discussed. The continual involvement of the customer in all aspects of the Space Station Program is to be achieved by identifying customers and by defining, refining, and integrating their requirements so as to stimulate the best possible design, development, and operations. Planning guidelines to be used in the Space Station definition process are shown and discussed, as is the Space Station Planning Schedule.
Raney, W.↗
Potential space station evolution and growth modes
User requirements for the first ten years of space station operation are assessed, and space station system capabilities to meet those needs are delineated. A module length of about 11.5 m with external interconnects best meets growth needs, and a power unit which provides 42 KW is desirable. Four growth scenarios for the manned element of the space station program are studied, and typical growth configurations are described. The full dual keel configuration is attractive at this point due to its increased flexibility.
Pritchard, E. B.↗
Space Station utilization
Progress in the definition of Manned Space Station (MSS) capabilities and operations as of June 1985 is assessed in terms of the user requirements and engineering decisions. Input for making design and performance envelope decisions has come from various NASA offices, the NOAA, ESA and Japan. NASA, in coordinating the planning, is incorporating as much flexibility as possible to accommodate unforeseen requirements of the various participants. The decisions extend to the co-orbiting and polar orbiting platforms that are actually integral parts of the MSS concept. The rapid identification of uses of the MSS and man-tended platforms has defined sufficient uses to surpass the STS launch capabilities in the late 1990s and projected data recording capabilities. Other activity requests to-date have included 400 hr of EVA, 120 kW solar power input and six Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle missions the first year of operation.
Raney, W.↗
The international team
In view of the limited resources anticipated for the initial stages of the NASA Space Shuttle program, NASA planners have proposed a multinational partnership concept which will attempt to meet user requirements with minimum duplication of facilities and equipment. A major aspect of this concept is that the assignment of functions to as given country's laboratory module only implies that its subsystems will be tailored as necessary to the accommodation of such functions; the outfitting of the laboratory with research equipment will then be shared by all partners.
Lottmann, R. V.↗
Space Station overview
This paper presents an overview of the Space Station, including program guidelines, international involvement, current baseline configuration, and utilization for science and application missions. Space Station configuration and capabilities, plus methods of utilizing the Space Station for scientific and engineering investigations, are described. The Space Station is being designed as a multipurpose facility to support a number of functions, such as a laboratory in space, a transportation node, an assembly facility, a staging base, etc. The description includes the baseline configuration, location of the pressurized modules, servicing and assembly facilities, and the work package structure for Space Station management. The Space Station will accommodate a wide variety of user requirements in laboratory modules and as attached payloads. To show the utility of the Space Station, a variety of science and application missions currently being studied for NASA at the Marshall Space Flight Center are discussed.
De Sanctis, Carmine E.↗
NASA space information systems overview
A major objective of NASA space missions is the gathering of information that when analyzed, compared, and interpreted furthers man's knowledge of his planet and surrounding universe. A space information system is the combination of data gathering, data processing, and data transport capabilities that interact to provide the underlying services that enable that advancement in understanding. Past space projects have been characterized by rather disjoint data systems that often did not satisfy user requirements. NASA has learned from those experiences, however, and now is conceptualizing a new generation of sophisticated, integrated space information systems suitable to the wide range of near future space endeavors. This paper examines the characteristics of recent data systems and, based upon that characterization, outlines the scope and attributes of future systems. A description if offered of the information system for the Space Station Program as one real example of such advanced capabilities.
Hall, Dana L.↗
Orbital Spacecraft Consumables Resupply System (OSCRS). Volume 4: Extended study results Part 1: Executive Summary
The objectives consisted of three major tasks. The first was to establish the definition of Space Station and Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV) user requirements and interfaces and to evaluate system requirements of a water tanker to be used at the station. The second task is to conduct trade studies of system requirements, hardware/software, and operations to evaluate the effect of automatic operation at the station or remote from the station in consonance with the OMV. The last task is to evaluate automatic refueling concepts and to evaluate the impact to Orbital Spacecraft Consumable Resupply System (OSCRS) concept/design to use expendable launch vehicles (ELV) to place the tank into orbit. Progress in each area is discussed.
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An integrated approach to rotorcraft human factors research
As the potential of civil and military helicopters has increased, more complex and demanding missions in increasingly hostile environments have been required. Users, designers, and manufacturers have an urgent need for information about human behavior and function to create systems that take advantage of human capabilities, without overloading them. Because there is a large gap between what is known about human behavior and the information needed to predict pilot workload and performance in the complex missions projected for pilots of advanced helicopters, Army and NASA scientists are actively engaged in Human Factors Research at Ames. The research ranges from laboratory experiments to computational modeling, simulation evaluation, and inflight testing. Information obtained in highly controlled but simpler environments generates predictions which can be tested in more realistic situations. These results are used, in turn, to refine theoretical models, provide the focus for subsequent research, and ensure operational relevance, while maintaining predictive advantages. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of research are described along with examples of experimental results.
Hart, Sandra G.↗
Preparing for the future
Technologies and programs related to the development, construction, and operation of the Space Station are examined. A phase approach has been chosen for the construction of the Space Station, which is to have a revised baseline configuration. Consideration is given to the use of automation on the Space Station; the assembly and servicing of the Station; user requirements; and Space Station operations. The benefits the Space Station will provide to space exploration are discussed.
Stofan, Andrew J.↗