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At least 289 records · Page 16

Signature of Many-Body Localization of Phonons in Strongly Disordered Superlattices

Many-body localization (MBL) has attracted significant research attention due to its immunity to thermalization, role in logarithmic entanglement entropy growth, and opportunities to reach exotic quantum orders. However, experimental realization of MBL in solid-state systems has remained challenging. Here we report evidence of a possible phonon MBL phase in disordered GaAs/AlAs superlattices. Through grazing-incidence inelastic X-ray scattering, we observe a strong deviation of the phonon population from equilibrium in disordered samples doped with ErAs nanodots at low temperature, signaling a departure from thermalization. This behavior occurs within finite phonon energy and wavevector windows, suggesting a localization-thermalization crossover. We support our observation by proposing a theoretical model for the effective phonon Hamiltonian in disordered superlattices, and showing that it can be mapped exactly to a disordered 1D Bose-Hubbard model with a known MBL phase. The large on-site repulsion qualitatively explains the experimental findings. Furthermore, our work provides mode-resolved experimental evidence of phonon localization, potentially extending the scope of MBL to disordered solid-state systems.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

TurboRVB: A many-body toolkit for ab initio electronic simulations by quantum Monte Carlo

TurboRVB is a computational package for ab initio Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations of both molecular and bulk electronic systems. The code implements two types of well established QMC algorithms: Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) and diffusion Monte Carlo in its robust and efficient lattice regularized variant. A key feature of the code is the possibility of using strongly correlated many-body wave functions (WFs), capable of describing several materials with very high accuracy, even when standard mean-field approaches [e.g., density functional theory (DFT)] fail. The electronic WF is obtained by applying a Jastrow factor, which takes into account dynamical correlations, to the most general mean-field ground state, written either as an antisymmetrized geminal power with spin-singlet pairing or as a Pfaffian, including both singlet and triplet correlations. This WF can be viewed as an efficient implementation of the so-called resonating valence bond (RVB) Ansatz, first proposed by Pauling and Anderson in quantum chemistry [L. Pauling, The Nature of the Chemical Bond (Cornell University Press, 1960)] and condensed matter physics [P.W. Anderson, Mat. Res. Bull 8, 153 (1973)], respectively. The RVB Ansatz implemented in TurboRVB has a large variational freedom, including the Jastrow correlated Slater determinant as its simplest, but nontrivial case. Moreover, it has the remarkable advantage of remaining with an affordable computational cost, proportional to the one spent for the evaluation of a single Slater determinant. Therefore, its application to large systems is computationally feasible. The WF is expanded in a localized basis set. Several basis set functions are implemented, such as Gaussian, Slater, and mixed types, with no restriction on the choice of their contraction. The code implements the adjoint algorithmic differentiation that enables a very efficient evaluation of energy derivatives, comprising the ionic forces. Thus, one can perform structural optimizations and molecular dynamics in the canonical NVT ensemble at the VMC level. For the electronic part, a full WF optimization (Jastrow and antisymmetric parts together) is made possible, thanks to state-of-the-art stochastic algorithms for energy minimization. In the optimization procedure, the first guess can be obtained at the mean-field level by a built-in DFT driver. The code was efficiently parallelized by using a hybrid MPI-OpenMP protocol, which is also an ideal environment for exploiting the computational power of modern Graphics Processing Unit accelerators.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Convergence acceleration of Monte Carlo many-body perturbation methods by using many control variates

Herein, the use of many control variates is proposed as a method to accelerate the second- and third-order Monte Carlo (MC) many-body perturbation (MC-MP2 and MC-MP3) calculations. A control variate is an exactly integrable function that is strongly correlated or anti-correlated with the target function to be integrated by the MC method. Evaluating both integrals as well as their covariances in the same MC run, one can effect a mutual cancellation of the statistical uncertainties and biases in the MC integrations, thereby accelerating its convergence considerably. Six and thirty-six control variates, whose integrals are known a priori, are generated for MC-MP2 and MC-MP3, respectively, by systematically replacing one or more two-electron-integral vertexes of certain configurations by zero-valued overlap-integral vertexes in their Goldstone diagrams. The variances and co- variances of these control variates are computed at a marginal cost, enhancing the overall efficiency of the MC-MP2 and MC-MP3 calculations by a factor of up to 14 and 20, respectively.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Stochastic evaluation of fourth-order many-body perturbation energies

A scalable, stochastic algorithm evaluating the fourth-order many-body perturbation (MP4) correction to energy is proposed. Three hundred Goldstone diagrams representing the MP4 correction are computer generated and then converted into algebraic formulas expressed in terms of Green’s functions in real space and imaginary time. They are evaluated by the direct (i.e., non-Markov, non-Metropolis) Monte Carlo (MC) integration accelerated by the redundant-walker and control-variate algorithms. The resulting MC-MP4 method is efficiently parallelized and is shown to display O(n 5.3 ) size-dependence of cost, which is nearly two ranks lower than the O(n 7 ) dependence of the deterministic MP4 algorithm. Furthermore, it evaluates the MP4/aug-cc-pVDZ energy for benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and corannulene with the statistical uncertainty of 10 mE h (1.1% of the total basis-set correlation energy), 38 mE h (2.6%), 110 mE h (5.5%), and 280 mE h (9.0%), respectively, after about 10 9 MC steps.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Stochastic exciton-scattering theory of optical line shapes: Renormalized many-body contributions

Spectral line shapes provide a window into the local environment coupled to a quantum transition in the condensed phase. In this paper, we build upon a stochastic model to account for non-stationary background processes produced by broad-band pulsed laser stimulation, as distinguished from those for stationary phonon bath. In particular, we consider the contribution of pair-fluctuations arising from the full bosonic many-body Hamiltonian within a mean-field approximation, treating the coupling to the system as a stochastic noise term. Herein, using the Itô transformation, we consider two limiting cases for our model, which lead to a connection between the observed spectral fluctuations and the spectral density of the environment. In the first case, we consider a Brownian environment and show that this produces spectral dynamics that relax to form dressed excitonic states and recover an Anderson–Kubo-like form for the spectral correlations. In the second case, we assume that the spectrum is Anderson–Kubo like and invert to determine the corresponding background. Using the Jensen inequality, we obtain an upper limit for the spectral density for the background. The results presented here provide the technical tools for applying the stochastic model to a broad range of problems.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Energy-conserving contact dynamics of nonspherical rigid-body particles

Understanding the contact dynamics of nonspherical particles is crucial for accurately modeling colloidal and granular systems where shape anisotropy dictates structural organization and transport properties. We here introduce an energy-conserving contact dynamics framework for arbitrary convex rigid-body particles by implementing vertex–boundary interactions in 2D and vertex–surface and edge–edge detection in 3D. The established formulation enables continuous force evaluation and prevents particle overlap while conserving total energy during translational and rotational motion. We demonstrate the framework’s stability and its utility to capture packing behavior, anisotropic diffusion, and equations of state of polygonal and polyhedral particles as examples. The framework establishes a robust and extensible foundation for investigating nonequilibrium dynamics of complex nonspherical particulate systems, enabling enhanced understanding of phenomena across spatiotemporal scales in self- and directed-assembly, granular flows, and hydrodynamics, potentially coupled with interactions that represent underlying physical mechanisms.

Discrete element method↗

Many-body effects in the X-ray absorption spectra of liquid water

Significance In X-ray absorption spectroscopy, an electron–hole excitation probes the local atomic environment. The interpretation of the spectra requires challenging theoretical calculations, particularly in a system like liquid water, where quantum many-body effects and molecular disorder play an important role. Recent advances in theory and simulation make possible new calculations that are in good agreement with experiment, without recourse to commonly adopted approximations. Based on these calculations, the three features observed in the experimental spectra are unambiguously attributed to excitonic effects with different characteristic correlation lengths, which are distinctively affected by perturbations of the underlying H-bond structure induced by temperature changes and/or by isotopic substitution. The emerging picture of the water structure is fully consistent with the conventional tetrahedral model.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Genetic programming for the nuclear many-body problem: a guide

Genetic Programming (GP) is an evolutionary algorithm that generates computer programs, or mathematical expressions, to solve complex problems. In this Guide, we demonstrate how to use GP to develop surrogate models to mitigate the computational costs of modeling atomic nuclei with ever increasing complexity. The computational burden escalates when uncertainty quantification is pursued, or when observables must be globally computed for thousands of nuclei. By studying three models in which the mean field depends on the total particle density self-consistently, we show that by constructing reduced order models supported by GP one can speed up many-body computations by several orders of magnitude with a negligible loss in accuracy.

dimensionality reduction↗

Reduced-basis method for few-body bound-state emulation

Recent advances in both theoretical and computational methods have enabled large-scale, precision calculations of the properties of atomic nuclei. With the growing complexity of modern nuclear theory, however, also comes the need for novel methods to perform systematic studies and quantify the uncertainties of models when confronted with experimental data. Here, this study presents an application of such an approach, the reduced basis method, to substantially lower computational costs by constructing a significantly smaller Hamiltonian subspace informed by previous solutions. Our method shows comparable efficiency and accuracy to other dimensionality reduction techniques on an artificial three-body bound system while providing a richer representation of physical information in its projection and training subspace. This methodological advancement can be applied in other contexts and has the potential to greatly improve our ability to systematically explore theoretical models and thus enhance our understanding of the fundamental properties of nuclear systems.

cluster models↗

One- and two-body current contributions to lepton-nucleus scattering

Modeling lepton-nucleus scattering with the accuracy required to extract neutrino-oscillation parameters from long- and short-baseline experiments necessitates retaining most quantum-mechanical effects. One such effect is the interference between one- and two-body current operators in the transition currents, which has been known to enhance the cross sections, especially in transverse kinematics. Here, we incorporate such interference in the spectral function formalism, which combines relativistic currents and kinematics with an accurate description of the initial target state. Our analysis of lepton-scattering off 12 C demonstrates that interference effects appreciably enhance the transverse electromagnetic response functions and the flux-folded neutrino-nucleus cross section, in both cases, improving the agreement with experimental data. We discuss the impact on the neutrino-oscillation program and the determination of nucleon axial form factors.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Probing many-body localization on a noisy quantum computer

A disordered quantum system of interacting particles exhibits localized behavior when the disorder is large compared to the interaction strength. Studying this phenomenon on a quantum computer with no, or limited, error correction is challenging because even weak coupling to a thermal environment destroys most signatures of localization. Fortunately, spectral functions of local operators are known to contain features that can survive the presence of noise. In these spectra, discrete peaks and a soft gap at low frequencies compared to the thermal phase indicate localization. Here, we present the computation of spectral functions on a trapped-ion quantum computer for a one-dimensional Heisenberg model with disorder. Further, we design an error-mitigation technique which is effective at removing the noise from the measurement allowing clear signatures of localization to emerge as the disorder increases. Furthermore, we show that spectral functions can serve as a robust and scalable diagnostic of many-body localization on current and future generations of quantum computers.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Local integrals of motion and the quasiperiodic many-body localization transition

We study the many-body localization (MBL) transition for interacting fermions subject to quasiperiodic potentials by constructing the local integrals of motion (LIOMs) in the MBL phase as time-averaged local operators. Here, we study numerically how these time-averaged operators evolve across the MBL transition. We find that the norm of such time-averaged operators drops discontinuously to zero across the transition; as we discuss, this implies that LIOMs abruptly become unstable at some critical localization length of order unity. We analyze the LIOMs using hydrodynamic projections and isolating the part of the operator that is associated with interactions. Equipped with these data we perform a finite-size scaling analysis of the quasiperiodic MBL transition. Our results suggest that the quasiperiodic MBL transition occurs at considerably stronger quasiperiodic modulations and has a larger correlation-length critical exponent than previous studies had found.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Approximate two-body generating Hamiltonian for the particle-hole Pfaffian wave function

We present two two-body Hamiltonians that approximate the exact particle-hole Pfaffian wave function with their ground states for all the system sizes where this wave function has been numerically constructed to date. The approximate wave functions have high overlap with the original and reproduce well the low-lying entanglement spectrum and structure factor. The approximate generating Hamiltonians are obtained by an optimization procedure where three to four pseudopotentials are varied in the neighbourhood of second Landau level Coulomb interaction or of a noninteracting model. They belong to a finite region in the variational space of Hamiltonians where each point approximately generates the particle-hole Pfaffian. Here we diagonalize the identified Hamiltonians for up to 20 electrons and find that for them the particle-hole Pfaffian shift appears energetically more favorable. The possibility to interpret the data in terms of composite fermions is discussed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Quantifying unitary flow efficiency and entanglement for many-body localization

Holography tells us that there should be a mapping between a boundary Hamiltonian and bulk degrees of freedom. We probe the bulk geometry of the Wegner Wilson Flow (WWF) in the context of many-body localization by addressing efficiency and bulk entanglement growth measures through approximating upper bounds on the boundary entanglement entropy. Here, we connect these upper bounds to the Fubini-Study metric and clarify how a central quantity, the information fluctuation complexity, distinguishes bulk unitary rotation from entanglement production. We also give a short new proof of the small incremental entangling theorem in the absence of ancillas, achieving a dimension independent, universal factor of c = 2.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Transformer quantum state: A multipurpose model for quantum many-body problems

Here, inspired by the advancements in large language models based on transformers, we introduce the transformer quantum state (TQS): a versatile machine learning model for quantum many-body problems. In sharp contrast to Hamiltonian/task specific models, TQS can generate the entire phase diagram, predict field strengths with experimental measurements, and transfer such a knowledge to new systems it has never been trained on before, all within a single model. With specific tasks, fine-tuning the TQS produces accurate results with small computational cost. Versatile by design, TQS can be easily adapted to new tasks, thereby pointing towards a general-purpose model for various challenging quantum problems.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Probing Few-Body Nuclear Dynamics via H 3 and He 3 ( e , e ' p ) pn Cross-Section Measurements

Here, we report the first measurement of the (e, e' p) three-body breakup reaction cross sections in helium-3 ( 3 He) and tritium ( 3 H) at large momentum transfer ($\langle{Q^2}\rangle$ ≈ 1.9 (GeV/c) 2 ) and x B > 1 kinematics, where the cross section should be sensitive to quasielastic (QE) scattering from single nucleons. The data cover missing momenta 40 ≤ p miss ≤ 500 MeV/c that, in the QE limit with no rescattering, equals the initial momentum of the probed nucleon. The measured cross sections are compared with state-of-the-art ab-initio calculations. Overall good agreement, within ±20%, is observed between data and calculations for the full p miss range for 3 H and for 100 ≤ p miss ≤ 350 MeV/c for 3 He. Including the effects of rescattering of the outgoing nucleon improves agreement with the data at p miss > 250 MeV/c and suggests contributions from charge-exchange (SCX) rescattering. The isoscalar sum of 3 He plus 3 H, which is largely insensitive to SCX, is described by calculations to within the accuracy of the data over the entire pmiss range. This validates current models of the ground state of the three-nucleon system up to very high initial nucleon momenta of 500 MeV/c.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Emergent Ergodicity at the Transition between Many-Body Localized Phases

Strongly disordered systems in the many-body localized (MBL) phase can exhibit ground state order in highly excited eigenstates. The interplay between localization, symmetry, and topology has led to the characterization of a broad landscape of MBL phases ranging from spin glasses and time crystals to symmetry protected topological phases. Understanding the nature of phase transitions between these different forms of eigenstate order remains an essential open question. In this work, we conjecture that no direct transition between distinct MBL orders can occur in one dimension; rather, an ergodic phase always intervenes. Motivated by recent advances in Rydberg-atom-based quantum simulation, we propose an experimental protocol where the intervening ergodic phase can be diagnosed via the dynamics of local observables.

1-dimensional spin chains↗

Role of Chiral Two-Body Currents in 6 Li Magnetic Properties in Light of a New Precision Measurement with the Relative Self-Absorption Technique

A direct measurement of the decay width of the excited $0^+_1$ state of 6 Li using the relative self-absorption technique is reported. Our value of $Γ_{γ,0^{+}_{1}} → 1^{+}_{1}$ = 8.17 (14) stat. (11) syst. eV provides sufficiently low experimental uncertainties to test modern theories of nuclear forces. The corresponding transition rate is compared to the results of ab initio calculations based on chiral effective field theory that take into account contributions to the magnetic dipole operator beyond leading order. This allows for a precision test of the impact of two-body currents that enter at next-to-leading order.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗