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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1984

Computer vision for real-time orbital operations. Center directors discretionary fund

Machine vision research is examined as it relates to the NASA Space Station program and its associated Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV). Initial operation of OMV for orbital assembly, docking, and servicing are manually controlled from the ground by means of an on board TV camera. These orbital operations may be accomplished autonomously by machine vision techniques which use the TV camera as a sensing device. Classical machine vision techniques are described. An alternate method is developed and described which employs a syntactic pattern recognition scheme. It has the potential for substantial reduction of computing and data storage requirements in comparison to the Two-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (2D FFT) image analysis. The method embodies powerful heuristic pattern recognition capability by identifying image shapes such as elongation, symmetry, number of appendages, and the relative length of appendages.

Vinz, F. L.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Pipelined digital SAR azimuth correlator using hybrid FFT-transversal filter

A synthetic aperture radar system (SAR) having a range correlator is provided with a hybrid azimuth correlator which utilizes a block-pipe-lined fast Fourier transform (FFT). The correlator has a predetermined FFT transform size with delay elements for delaying SAR range correlated data so as to embed in the Fourier transform operation a corner-turning function as the range correlated SAR data is converted from the time domain to a frequency domain. The azimuth correlator is comprised of a transversal filter to receive the SAR data in the frequency domain, a generator for range migration compensation and azimuth reference functions, and an azimuth reference multiplier for correlation of the SAR data. Following the transversal filter is a block-pipelined inverse FFT used to restore azimuth correlated data in the frequency domain to the time domain for imaging.

Wu, C.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Navier-Stokes solution on the CYBER-203 by a pseudospectral technique

A three-level, time-split, mixed spectral/finite difference method for the numerical solution of the three-dimensional, compressible Navier-Stokes equations has been developed and implemented on the Control Data Corporation (CDC) CYBER-203. This method uses a spectral representation for the flow variables in the streamwise and spanwise coordinates, and central differences in the normal direction. The five dependent variables are interleaved one horizontal plane at a time and the array of their values at the grid points of each horizontal plane is a typical vector in the computation. The code is organized so as to require, per time step, a single forward-backward pass through the entire data base. The one-and two-dimensional Fast Fourier Transforms are performed using software especially developed for the CYBER-203.

Lambiotte, J. J.↗
NASA NTRS1983

A numerical model of acoustic choking. I - Shock free solutions

The phenomenon of acoustic choking in near sonic flows is investigated using the one-dimensional gasdynamic equations for an ideal gas. It is pointed out that this approach eliminates the need to make the classical small disturbance assumption. A finite difference scheme is elaborated to approximate these equations. Boundary conditions that correctly model the physics of the acoustics problems are chosen. The use of a fast Fourier transform routine allows the results to be compared with those obtained by using the conventional harmonic assumptions. Only solutions in which shocks have not fully developed are reported. Continuous solutions are sought, and these are compared with the Fubini solution and with certain results of Myers and Callegari (1977, 1978, 1979).

Walkington, N. J.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Compensating for Range Migration in Synthetic-Aperture Radar

Correlation algorithm sharpens radar imagery. Azimuthal correlation of point-target response performed in frequency domain by fast Fourier transforms relatively efficient in arithmetic operations. Frequencydomain azimuthal response has simple form that enables correction for range migration made simultaneously and over wide area, thereby providing many picture elements.

Jin, M. Y.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Noise-Path Measurements in Aircraft Structures

System determines amount of radiated sound power separately attributed to airborne and structure-borne paths in aircraft. Also used to evaluate vibrating plates and thin shells. Sound transducers include array of lightweight, miniature piezoelectric accelerometers and two-microphone probe. Multichannel Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyzer/computer used for analog-to-digital conversion and to analyze spectrum of each of input signals. Noise-path identification in aircraft performed in flight by this system.

Mcgary, M. C.↗
NASA NTRS1984

LANDSAT instruments characterization

Work performed for the LANDSAT instrument characterization task in the areas of absolute radiometry, coherent noise analysis, and between-date smoothing is reported. Absolute radiometric calibration for LANDSAT-5 TM under ambient conditions was performed. The TM Radiometric Algorithms and Performance Program (TRAPP) was modified to create optional midscan data files and to match the TM Image Processing System (TIPS) algorithm for pulse determination. Several data reduction programs were developed, including a linear regression and its plotted result. A fast Fourier transformation study was conducted on the resequenced TM data. Subscenes of homogeneous water within scenes over Pensacola, Florida were used for testing the FFT on the resequenced data. Finally, a gain and pulse height stability study of LANDSAT 5 TM spectral bands was performed.

Lee, Y.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Insulation bonding test system

A method and a system for testing the bonding of foam insulation attached to metal is described. The system involves the use of an impacter which has a calibrated load cell mounted on a plunger and a hammer head mounted on the end of the plunger. When the impacter strikes the insulation at a point to be tested, the load cell measures the force of the impact and the precise time interval during which the hammer head is in contact with the insulation. This information is transmitted as an electrical signal to a load cell amplifier where the signal is conditioned and then transmitted to a fast Fourier transform (FFT) analyzer. The FFT analyzer produces energy spectral density curves which are displayed on a video screen. The termination frequency of the energy spectral density curve may be compared with a predetermined empirical scale to determine whether a igh quality bond, good bond, or debond is present at the point of impact.

Beggs, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Spectral Information from Gapped Data. a Comparison of Technique

The fast Fourier transformations (FFT) is used to estimate power spectra of continuous signals evenly sampled on discrete domains. The problem of finding power spectra on unevenly sampled domains, in particular a regularly spaced domain with gaps is discussed. The analysis of the ACRIM solar bolometric intensity data, obtained with a 3/5 on and 2/5 off duty cycle of approximately 100 minutes, would benefit from the techniques. The comparative effectiveness of three different analysis techniques applied to synthetic data generated on gapped domain is reported.

Kuhn, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1985

On the measurement of material damping in a simulated space environment

A new, experimental method of measuring the material damping of test models is presented. The method involves measuring the decay of free vibrations as the model is lofted into free-fall in a vacuum. Vibration signals are transmitted through the vacuum by a miniature telemetry system. The resulting data are recorded and later analyzed using a fast Fourier transform technique to determine the percent critical damping. The experimental apparatus offers a unique means to reset the experiment without breaking the vacuum, which reduces the time between runs.

Edberg, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Interpolation problems in meteor radar analysis, part 7.6A

Meteor echoes come from random points in the observation volume, and are irregularly spaced in time. This precludes the use of fast fourier transformations (FFT) techniques on the raw data to give the spectrum of waves that are present. One way around this obstacle is to restrict our interest to a particular class of waves, and fit a corresponding model to the raw data. It is assumed that there is no horizontal variation across the observation volume for tides, but in the vertical this is certainly not the case. If, in addition, we are interested in other types of waves which may be present and whose periods are unknown, then examining the raw line-of-sight velocities does not tell us how to modify the model, since the line-of-sight direction is not fixed. This is the motivation for interpolation. Interpolation takes a temporal series of line-of-sight velocities, and transforms it to a temporal series of wind velocities for each orthogonal direction. The velocities along a given direction can then be examined readily for any waves in addition to tides.

Tetenbaum, D.↗
NASA NTRS1984

In-orbit measurements of Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper dynamic disturbances

This paper describes Landsat-4 sensors, spacecraft disturbances, and the methodology used to correct Thematic Mapper (TM) images. The discussion includes system requirements, mathematical modeling, in-orbit angular motion measurement, Fast Fourier Transformer (FFT) data analysis, and scan system correction. Emphasis is given to the cause and effect of the electromechanical disturbances beginning with the scan mirror and its interaction and sensitivity to externally and self-generated disturbances. Ground-testing results are compared with those obtained in orbit.

Sudey, J., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Identifying approximate linear models for simple nonlinear systems

This paper addresses the identification (realization) of approximate linear models from response data for certain nonlinear dynamic systems. Response characteristics for several typical nonlinear joints are analyzed mathematically and represented by series expansions. The parameters of the series expansion are then compared with the modal parameters of a linear model identified by the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm. The agreement of the identified model and the analytically derived representation is excellent for the cases studied. Also laboratory data from a model which exhibited stiffening behavior was analyzed using the Eigensystem Realization algorithm and Fast Fourier Transform. The laboratory experiment demonstrated the ability of the technique to recover the model characteristics using real data.

Horta, L. G.↗
NASA NTRS1985

A numerical method for approximating antenna surfaces defined by discrete surface points

A simple numerical method for the quadratic approximation of a discretely defined reflector surface is described. The numerical method was applied to interpolate the surface normal of a parabolic reflector surface from a grid of nine closest surface points to the point of incidence. After computing the surface normals, the geometrical optics and the aperture integration method using the discrete Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) were applied to compute the radiaton patterns for a symmetric and an offset antenna configurations. The computed patterns are compared to that of the analytic case and to the patterns generated from another numerical technique using the spline function approximation. In the paper, examples of computations are given. The accuracy of the numerical method is discussed.

Lee, R. Q.↗
NASA NTRS1985

A wide-band, high-resolution spectrum analyzer

A million-channel, 20 MHz-bandwidth, digital spectrum analyzer under evelopment for use in the SETI Sky Survey and other applications in the Deep Space Network is described. The analyzer digitizes an analog input, performs a 2(20)-point Radix-2, Fast Fourier Transform, accumulates the output power, and normalizes the output to remove frequency-dependent gain. The effective speed of the real-time hardware is 2.2 GigaFLOPS.

Wilck, H. C.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Secondary pattern computation of an arbitrarily shaped main reflector

The secondary pattern of a perfectly conducting offset main reflector being illuminated by a point feed at an arbitrary location is studied. The method of analysis is based upon the application of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the aperture fields obtained using geometrical optics (GO) and geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD). Key features of the present work are (1) the reflector surface is completely arbitrary, (2) the incident field from the feed is most general with arbitrary polarization and location, and (3) the edge diffraction is calculated by either UAT or by UTD. Comparison of this technique for an offset parabolic reflector with the Jacobi-Bessel and Fourier-Bessel techniques shows good agreement. Near field, far field, and scan data of a large refelctor are presented.

Lee, S. W.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Viterbi algorithm on a hypercube: Concurrent formulation

The similarity between the Fast Fourier Transform and the Viterbi algorithm is exploited to develop a Concurrent Viterbi Algorithm suitable for a multiprocessor system interconnected as a hypercube. The proposed algorithm can efficiently decode large constraint length convolutional codes, using different degrees of parallelism, and is attractive for VLSI implementation.

Pllara, F.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The Berkeley Serendip Project

An automated system was designed to perform a real time search for narrow band radio signals in the spectra of sources in a regularly scheduled, non-SETI astronomical observing program. The system will compute the power spectrum using a 65,536 channel fast Fourier transform processor with a real time bandwidth of 128 KHz and 2 Hz per channel resolution. After search for peaks in a 100 KHz portion of the IF band of the radio telescope, the system will move to the next 100 KHz portion using a programmable frequency synthesizer. When the whole IF band is scanned, the process will start again. Unidentified peaks in the power spectra are candidates for further study and their celestial coordinates will be recorded along with the time and power, IF and RF frequency, and bandwidth of the peak. Most of the hardware was developed and the machine software is in the process of being finalized. A number of means for identifying and rejecting power spectra peaks which have a high likelihood of being nonuseful are being investigated.

Bowyer, S.↗