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DOE OSTI2024

DECOVALEX-2023: Task D Final Report

Task D of DECOVALEX-2023 is focused on the simulation of the coupled thermal hydraulic-mechanical (THM) behaviour in the full-scale engineered barrier system (EBS). The Horonobe EBS experiment is the demonstration of the full-scale EBS in the underground research laboratory (URL) (performed by JAEA in the Horonobe URL in Japan). Task D consisted of the three steps, a preliminary step (Step 0), simulation of the laboratory tests (Step 1) and simulation of the in-situ full-scale EBS experiment (Step 2). Since the Horonobe EBS experiment demonstrates the vertical emplacement option of the EBS, the experiment gallery is also backfilled with the backfill material. Therefore, interaction between the EBS and the backfill material can also be demonstrated, such as deformation (change of density) of the buffer material. The underground water in the Horonobe URL is saline. This fact adds chemical processes to THM behaviour. For example, mechanical properties (such as swelling pressure of the buffer material and backfill material) and hydraulic properties (such as permeability of the buffer material and backfill material) change depending on the water chemistry. Task D was therefore a challenging Task focused on not only the relatively simple THM behaviour but also complex THM behaviour including chemical processes. Six research teams (BGR, CAS, JAEA, KAERI, SNL and Taipower) participated the Task D. BGR, CAS, JAEA, KAERI and Taipower research teams selected a THM approach, while the SNL research team selected a TH approach. Step 1 involved the simulation of laboratory test results and was important to check the numerical codes developed by the research teams. Step 1 was divided into four sub steps. The simulation results through the Step 1 identified the parameters for simulation of the Step 2. Basic parameters of the materials (buffer material, backfill material, rock mass, concrete, sand) were provided by JAEA. Special parameters which research team needed were identified by back analysis of Step 1. Most notably the mechanical behaviour of swelling and displacement depended on the applied model (elastic model or elastoplastic model). Parameters such as Young’s modulus were found to need smaller values than characterised in the fundamental laboratory test results (Step 1-1, 1-2) for the elastic model. Although laboratory experiments are usually simple, test results contained some error. For example, if the saturation level is 100 % or higher, it should be considered an error. This situation was presented in the Step 1-3. A possible reason is that the buffer material is a mixture of bentonite and silica sand. When a specimen is cut to measure volume or weight, sand grains will affect the measurement data. In Step 2, boundary conditions such as temperature on the surface of the simulated overpack, heater power of the electrical heaters installed in the simulated overpack, injection pressure and inflow rate of the test water, were applied. The outer boundary conditions can be selected using measured data (injection pressure and inflow rate of the test water that is controlled by the injection systems installed in the sand layer around the buffer material and in the boundary between backfill material and concrete support). Since such measured data has some noise, research teams developed their own simplified boundary conditions. Inner boundary conditions can be selected using measured data as heater power and temperature on the surface of the simulated overpack. These data also contain some noise, so research teams developed their own simplified developed boundary conditions. Task D validated various approaches thorough the simulation of the in-situ full scale EBS system including backfill of the gallery: variations in the coupling processes (THM or THC), analysis codes, and boundary conditions. Temperature distribution in the buffer material was simulated well by all research teams. This means thermal behaviour is not sensitive to the simulation approaches. Although the water content distribution on the outside of the buffer material was well simulated by all research teams, the simulation results differ from the measured values inside the buffer material (at the centre and inside, near the simulated overpack). The buffer material is made from tap water, but in the in-situ experiment, saline groundwater infiltrates the buffer material. Therefore, the selection of the hydraulic parameters of the buffer material greatly affects the simulation results of the re saturation behaviour of the buffer material. In the Horonobe EBS experiment, measured values suitable for validating the simulation results were not obtained near the simulated overpack. When simulating the pressure and deformation of the buffer material, the measurement data is easily affected by the installation conditions of the measurement sensors, so verifying the measurement data itself remains an issue. Mechanical simulation results differ depending on whether they are considered as elastic or elastoplastic phenomena. The accuracy of measured in-situ data can be assessed by detailed analysis comparing sampling specimen analysis and measured data. The Horonobe EBS experiment is scheduled to be dismantled in the future (FY2026 and 2027). This detailed dismantling investigation will finally confirm the measured data.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2024

Orchestrating the Restoration of Wind-Dominant Grids from Blackouts (Final Report of Award No. DE-SC0021410)

This is the final report of Award No. DE-SC0021410: “Orchestrating the Restoration of Wind-Dominant Grids from Blackouts.” It: (1) summarizes the technical/scientific accomplishments, (2) lists the publications containing scientific details of the accomplishments, (3) reports several dissemination activities, (4) names new research grants as consequence of this project, (5) lists the project team funded by the project, and (6) concludes the project.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Final Report for Zero-noise Extrapolation for Quantum Sensing

Final Report for the DOE EXPRESS 2022 project "Zero-noise Extrapolation for Quantum Sensing." Contains a description of the motivation, accomplishments, and implications of the technical work performed.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2024

Discovery of Dielectric Response and Forces in Sub-Nanoscale Objects (Final Technical Report)

This is the final technical report for DOE Award DE-SC0005132 entitled “Discovery of Dielectric Response and Forces in Sub-Nanoscale Objects.” This award originated on August 15, 2010 with Principle Investigator Prof. Phil Batson of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Prof. Batson transitioned to Professor Emeritus status on January 31, 2023. At that time PI status was transferred to Prof. Robert Bartynski of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Director of the Rutgers Laboratory for Surface Modification. The central theme of the research performed under this award is develop and refine a NION aberration-corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope to attain atomic spatial resolution and sub 10meV energy resolution in electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) performed on the transmitted electron beam. These capabilities allow examination of the excitation properties (primarily plasmonic and vibrational [ie., phonons] of nanoscale objects when excited with a highly-localized (~ Angstrom-scale) high energy (~ 60 keV) electron beam. Direct excitations (i.e., the response to electrons impinging directly on the sample) as well as excitations in response to the dynamic electric (and magnetic!) fields of an aloof electron beam (i.e., a beam that is close to but displaced from the target) have been studied. Our experimental work has benefited greatly from close collaborations with theoretical colleagues, but at Rutgers and from around the world, providing a much more complete understanding of the observed phenomena and suggesting avenues for further study and practical applications. This report summarizes the technical and scientific achievements accomplished during the entire award period. More extensive details are available in the Progress Reports that have already been filed with the Department of Energy. The report is divided into six sections. The first four sections focus on exploring, developing and understanding several unique capabilities and phenomena discovered and accessible owing to the high spatial- and energy-resolution we have been able to achieve. The latter two sections focus on applications of the STEM’s novel capabilities to study atomic- and nanometer-scale properties of solids, as well as broader applications to advanced and bio-materials.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2024

AIR Framework for Physics-Inspired Artificial Intelligence in High Energy Physics (Final Report)

The FAIR4HEP project was a collaboration between Argonne National Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Minnesota, and the University of California San Diego funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Research (ASCR) from 2020 to 2023. The primary focus of the FAIR4HEP project was to advance our understanding of the relationship between data and artificial intelligence (AI) models by exploring relationships among them through the development of findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) frameworks. Using high-energy physics (HEP) as the science driver, this project developed a FAIR framework to advance our understanding of AI, provide new insights to apply AI techniques and provide an environment where novel approaches to AI can be explored. This final report summarizes the accomplishments of the MIT group.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Final Report on Predictive Analyses of PRD as Function of Anomalies

This report summarizes the work completed in FY-2024 to analyze the power reactivity decrement (PRD) concepts of the ARC-100 core. The PRD has been traditionally defined by the reactivity change from a hot zero power (HZP) to a particular power. Consequently, the PRD accounts for the core reactivity changes due to increase coolant temperature gradient axially and radially across the core, and increased fuel temperature. The coolant temperature gradient leads to sodium and structure density changes, to radial core expansion from assembly flowering and bowing (due to axial and radial temperature gradients within the assemblies), and to control rod driveline thermal expansion. The fuel temperature increase associated with coolant temperature and power increases leads to Doppler effect and axial thermal expansion. In this work, the normal operating Hot Full Power (HFP) state is the only power level of interest, so analyses focus on the PRD calculated from HZP to HFP. The PRD has been used to assess the reactor safety features asymptotically in unprotected accident scenarios, including the loss of heat sink (LOHS), loss of flow (LOF), and transient overpower (TOP) without scram. The PRD concept relies on the “global” reactivity coefficients A, B, and C that are estimated based on “individual” reactivity effects (Doppler, sodium density, etc.). The objectives of this work are: 1) to improve and verify the methodology used to calculate the ABC coefficients used in the PRD, 2) to assess if the PRD can be used to reliably identify abnormal events. This report fulfills the FY-2024 scope of WBS#1.15.8.3 activity, “ANL0120 – Predictive Analyses of PRD as function of deformation”. The PRD concept is described in Sections 2. Additional effort in refining the methodology for core bowing modeling is performed in Sections 3. Then, two verification exercises are proposed in Section 4 to benchmark these coefficients based on direct neutronic-only calculations and on dynamic core transient simulations. Finally, the PRD approach is assessed for the detection of several unexpected events, such as primary flow perturbation or improper fuel loading, in Section 5.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Uranyl Capture and Activation with Lewis Acids and Macrocyclic Hosts (Final Technical Report)

This document is the final report for the project with the title, “Uranyl Capture with Lewis Acids and Macrocyclic Hosts.” Nuclear power is attractive for meeting the current and future energy needs of society, in that it does not release carbon dioxide or other pollutants into the atmosphere during routine use. This motivated the project, because preparation of nuclear fuel, recovery of useful components from used fuel, and handling of waste materials remain significant impediments to further deployment of important nuclear technologies. In part, these problems arise from limited availability of chemical reactions that can reliably interconvert forms of uranium and other heavy elements during preparation and processing. For example, harsh and expensive chemicals are often required for making and breaking chemical bonds to uranium, and the reactions involved are inefficient. The overall objective of this research was to harness knowledge of chemical structure and bonding to develop a useful and predictive und

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Hydrogen Storage Engineering Center of Excellence Adsorbent (Final Report)

The Hydrogen Storage Engineering Center of Excellence (HSECoE) team would like to thank the U.S Department of Energy’s (DOE) Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office for the funding to embark on such a large endeavor to develop the material and engineering science related to the use of adsorbents as the storage media for automotive applications. In addition, SRNL would like to thank the many partners of the HSECoE including U.S. automotive manufacturers, GM and Ford, potential component and materials suppliers, United Technologies Research Center, Hexagon Lincoln Composites, and BASF, Universities, Oregon State University, University of Michigan, and the University of Québec, Trois Reveres, along with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory and Savannah River National Laboratory. Individual specific contributions can be found in individual final reports submitted to DOE. No attempt is made here to attribute contributions to individual people or organizations, illustrating the cooperative arrangement of the team members.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2025

Development and Validation of Smart Building Technology Modules for Academic and Professional Education (Final Technical Report)

Smart building technologies can improve building energy efficiency and resilience, reduce carbon emissions, and provide load flexibility to the grid. However, in both college curricula and building professionals’ continuing education, there is a lack of systematic instruction on smart building technologies. Slipstream, partnering with Texas A&M University (TAMU), the Society of Building Science Educators (SBSE), and the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS), developed a semester-long smart building curriculum for college students and 16 training videos for building professionals and the general public. The education and training cover the drivers and benefits of smart building technologies, key building energy systems, the latest sensor technologies and IoT devices, and focus on topics related to smart building controls (i.e., energy management information systems, smart building control platforms, cybersecurity, grid-interactive-efficient buildings [GEBs], smart building control methods, and occupant-centric control). The smart building curriculum for college students was taught at TAMU in the Spring semester of 2024 as part of the validation process. Student feedback was collected and summarized in a validation report by TAMU. The curriculum material was also reviewed by SBSE faculty who are interested in teaching smart building technology-related courses. Suggestions on revisions and better adoption of the materials by other faculty across the architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) domains were compiled in a distinct validation report by SBSE. The SBSE validation report was used to create structured subsets of the curriculum material for adoption at different levels in different sub-disciplines. These subsets are categorized and offered on the SBSE website (https://www.sbse.org/courses/Smart-Building-Technologies). The 16 training videos for building professionals and the general public were previewed by 17 industry experts, and feedback and suggested changes were incorporated into the final version of these videos. The videos are organized into a smart building technology training course and published on the Whole Building Design Guide website (https://www.wbdg.org/ce/doe/bto/sbtt), which is hosted by the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS). Project team members created marketing materials to promote the awareness of these free, publicly available education and training resources. Outreach and marketing activities included creating short promotional videos, building project webpages, making project announcements on social media, conducting an email campaign, and directly reaching out to faculties and building professionals. This report describes the project approach, provides outlines of the training materials, along with links to resources, and identifies lessons learned in creating the content. We also suggest ways to scale the instruction of smart building concepts to empower the workforce to accelerate the adoption of smart building technologies in the real world.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Cell-free bioelectrocatalytic platform for carbon dioxide reduction (Final Technical Report)

The University of Minnesota (UMN) EcoSynBio Team aimed to develop a cell-free, enzyme-based platform for the electro- biocatalytic conversion of CO2 into formate as a platform chemical for further upgrading. This type of bio electrocatalytic process delivers a clean product stream without the need for extensive separation from the electrolyte as in electrochemical synthesis and microbial processes. The reduction reaction is catalyzed by metal-dependent formate dehydrogenases (mFDHs) that are capable of efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction without the need of costly co-factors. The development of an efficient, scalable electrobiocatalytic process with high total turnover numbers and viable space time yields, however, was not without its challenges. The UM team has developed a protein-based scaffolding system that facilitates enzyme stabilization and attachment to electrodes along with electron transfer. Yet, although FDHs are highly promising enzymes for cell-free, electrobiochemical CO2 reduction, they are also greatly understudied and especially for applications in electrocatalysis. The UM team used the best described mFDH from Clostridium as its benchmark system and spent significant time and effort in attempting to replicate published data and finally, redesigned a recombinant production system for proper metal co-factor incorporation. The UM team has also identified a small set of new enzyme homologs from extreme microorganisms with superior stabilities that have yielded initial structural data for further engineering. In addition, a new bioelectrocatalytic reactor system has been developed that can be 3D printed and used for enzyme attachment to electrodes. In summary the project has generated critical basic information for the further development of this class of enzymes for the electricity driven reduction of CO2 into formate as platform chemical for upgrading into various other chemicals, including fuels.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

FAIR Framework for Physics-Inspired Artificial Intelligence in High Energy Physics (Final Report)

The FAIR4HEP project was a collaboration between Argonne National Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Minnesota, and University of California San Diego funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Research (ASCR) from 2020 to 2024. The primary focus of the FAIR4HEP project was to advance our understanding of the relationship between data and artificial intelligence (AI) models by exploring relationships among them through the development of findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) frameworks. Using high-energy physics (HEP) as the science driver, this project developed a FAIR framework to advance our understanding of AI, provide new insights to apply AI techniques, and provide an environment where novel approaches to AI can be explored. This final report summarizes the accomplishments of the University of Illinois group.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

MSTL Re-Start Phase 1.5 Project Final Report

This document provides an overview of re-start efforts at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF), for the SNL Molten Salt Test Loop (MSTL). MSTL is one of the world’s only industrial-scale molten salt test systems, capable of testing commercial-scale thermal hydraulic equipment at an industrial scale, required for confident bankability of products. This work was facilitated as part of the Phase 1 re-start effort for facilitating forensics assessments to inform final refurbishments and upgrades costs and schedule information for revitalizing MSTL for use during a separate Phase 2 effort. This work was facilitated to further de-risk a Phase 2 effort pertaining to the tank and the pump, which were considered during Phase 1 to be high-risk items for a successful re-start. Impact from a successful re-start will allow SNL and other industrial molten salt systems companies, such as those in the Market Utilization Report provided in the Phase 1 submission package. An objective of this document is to also ensure longevity of utilization of MSTL after re start.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Characterization of Arsenic and Selenium in Coal Fly Ash to Improve Evaluations for Disposal and Reuse Potential (Final Technical Report)

Coal fly ash is a high volume waste material that is discarded in landfills and surface water impoundments across the U.S. and is also widely recycled for a variety of applications. The leaching of potential of contaminants of concern, such as arsenic (As) and selenium (Se), is often the driver of risk assessments for coal ash disposal and reuse. The extent of leachable As and Se depends on several factors related to environmental conditions and fly ash characteristics. Previous studies employed various methods to delineate the concentration, chemical form, and distribution of As and Se in fly ash materials. However, few studies have attempted to directly correlate these properties to mobilization parameters relevant to disposal and reuse. Instead, the coal residuals industries often rely upon standardized leaching protocols that can be laborious or involve hazardous chemicals. The goals of the project were to: 1) Develop and evaluate a characterization protocol that can be used to screen fly ash samples for leachability of As and Se; 2) Characterize As, Se, and associated constituents of fly ash particles at multiple length scales (nanometer to micrometer) to determine if elemental associations differ as a function of the resolution of characterization; and 3) Establish a predictive model for the chemical composition of coal ash produced annually at major U.S. coal fired power facilities on 50-year national coal supply records. For the first objective, we performed leaching experiments with 52 fly ash samples collected from 15 different U.S. power plants and representing coal feedstocks from the three major domestic coal regions. For this work, we assessed the mobilization potential of As and Se in fly ash based on standardized leaching protocols and performed multivariate and lasso regression analyses to explore correlations of leachable As and Se contents with characteristics such as major element contents, loss on ignition (LOI) and pH. The results of regression models indicated that major elements (Fe, Ca, Al) for a wide range of fly ashes can serve as predictor variables for the leaching potential of As, but not for Se. LOI and pH were not important predictive variables in the models. Both regression approaches resulted in relatively strong fits for leachable As (correlation coefficient R 2 = 0.78 for both models) compared to models for leachable Se (R 2 = 0.49). Overall, these results suggest that correlation models combined with on-site elemental analysis with portable analyzers may enable a screening method for leachable As in coal ash. For the second objective, we utilized nanoscale 2-D imaging (30-50 nm spot size) with the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe (HXN) in combination with microprobe X-ray capabilities (~5 µm resolution) to determine As and Se elemental associations in fly ash particles. Speciation of As and Se was also measured at the nano- to microscale with X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The enhanced resolution of HXN showed As and Se that were diffusely located around or comingled with Ca- and Fe-rich particles. The results also showed nanoparticles of Se attached to the surface of fly ash grains. Overall, a comparison of As and Se species across scales highlights the heterogeneity and complexity of chemical associations for these trace elements of concern in coal fly ash. For the final objective, we developed a predictive model for major element composition of coal ash in reserve at disposal sites of major U.S. coal fired power plants. This model was constructed from coal purchase records of 705 power stations from 1973-2022 and was trained on coal ash composition data showing that coal ash elemental composition is strongly associated with the source of feedstock coal. The model showed regional shifts in the major element contents of ash produced by power plants in the last 50 years, particularly for calcium and iron (expressed as %CaO and %Fe 2 O 3 ), as coal-fired power stations changed their source of coal over this time frame. Our approach enables an estimation of coal ash chemical composition that is stored in waste impoundments at individual power stations. Such information can help delineate the regional market potential for material applications that would utilize coal ash harvested from disposal sites across the U.S.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2025

Invertible Design Manifolds for Heat Transfer Surfaces (INVERT) (Final Technical Report)

This final report briefly reviews the main technical accomplishments of the INVERT award, summarizes existing or planned publications or transitions from the effort, and lastly reviews T2M strategies resulting from the program. Specifically, under the award, our team studied three main technical areas and performed one preliminary T2M study on the cost-benefit analysis of Inverse Design Methods and one major software release (the Maryland Inverse Design Benchmark Suite).

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

High Temperature Additive Architectures for 65% Efficiency (Final Technical Report)

This project aimed to develop advanced high-temperature additive components that contribute towards the DOE’s goal for advanced gas turbines that are capable of at least 65% efficiency in combined cycle application. The objective was to leverage state-of-the-art additive manufacturing to develop an innovative stage 1 turbine nozzle (S1N) that can provide cooling flow savings while maintaining the component durability expected in today’s gas turbines. The program had two phases. Phase I was a conceptual phase for novel advanced cooling designs enabled by additive manufacturing, as well as proposals for validation. Phase II included execution of the Phase I conceptual design, including manufacturing of prototype hardware and validation within an environment that is similar to engine operation. During Phase I of the program, the team devised a concept to reduce cooling air usage. The cooling air used in the side walls is filmed out along the side walls, while the cooling air used in the airfoil is eventually directed to near-wall channels and exits holes along the airfoil trailing end. During this program, the team performed additive trials to analyze the geometric limitations of additive manufacturing. This helped the team understand minimum wall thicknesses, hole sizes, and cooling channel dimensions among other limits. Phase II of this program pushed GE Vernova beyond its previous experience of designing and manufacturing an additively manufactured hot gas path component. Modern hot gas path components utilize material chemistries that are traditionally hard to weld, such as cast Renè 108, and exhibit solidification cracking when additively manufactured using Direct Metal Laser Melting (DMLM). Note that AM108 is a powder form of Renè 108. A S1N with advanced cooling is larger and more complex than parts previously built by additive manufacturing and required new learnings to resolve risks around solidification cracking. Finally, the team validated the design in a combustion rig that replicated operation in a gas turbine. In order to properly quantify the benefits of the new additive design, a baseline was also tested in the rig and operated under the same conditions. In addition, an uncertainty analysis was done to quantify any sources of error that could impact the results. At the end of the validation effort, it was determined that the additive nozzle exceeded the 15% reduction in cooling flow goal even with the worst-case assumptions for uncertainty.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Elucidating the Dynamics of Electroweak Symmetry Breaking through Study of High-Multiplicity Boson Final States at the LHC

To understand the full story of the electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) and how the universe arrived at today’s universe, the structure of the Higgs potential needs to be probed. We must carefully select and study processes at the LHC that are sensitive to the Higgs potential. In this context, longitudinal vector boson scattering (VBS) processes, V L V L →V L V L , and di-Higgs production, including V L V L →HH at the LHC have been studied for any potential deviation from SM prediction. However, many classes of models beyond the Standard Model (BSM) may result in the 2→2 process being perfectly well-behaved and SM-like but show interesting deviations in 2→3, 2→4, or 2→n(3) processes. If we are to complete the mission objectives the P5 laid out, then a large swath of 2→n(3) must be thoroughly searched and checked. The research supported by this award used data collected at the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to explore VBS produced VVH process in the semi-merged channel. In addition, in the electroweak sector, there are open questions in the multi-gauge boson couplings and the Higgs couplings to the gauge bosons. The research supported by the award also studied the triboson production WWZ process at the LHC, which is a crossed diagram of a VBS process. During the funded period of 9 months, the analysis designs have been finalized.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗