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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 289 records · Page 16
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DOE OSTI2022

Taylor wave solution for a general equation of state

This document describes a solution procedure for calculating the Taylor wave behind an unsupported Chapman–Jouguet (CJ) detonation in planar, cylindrical, and spherical geometries given a general equation of state. The resulting semi-analytic solution can be utilized to examine new equation of state models for detonation products and during the verification of hydrodynamic codes. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations in both characteristic and self-similar forms. The first-order systems corresponding to each geometry are amenable to solution numerically using commonly available methods. A difficulty arises at the CJ point in radial coordinates where the similarity equations become singular. Two separate strategies are proposed to integrate the first-order system. The first one uses an asymptotic approximation near the CJ point that can be used to perturb the boundary conditions. The second one applies a change of variables which removes the singularity at the expense of an additional equation to be integrated. A test problem is provided for the Davis products equation of state to illustrate the qualitative features of the Taylor wave in each geometric configuration and compared with a Lagrangian hydrodynamics research code. A Python code listing gives an implementation using the SciPy library to assists users in generating the results.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Seven Percent Critical Experiment Core Analysis Approach on Fuel Rods – Core Configurations T155-NoMo, and T155-397Mo.

A series of experiments will be performed to test the integral effects of molybdenum on the reactivity of a critical system. These experiments will use the 7uPCX assembly with the 1.55 cm triangular pitch grid plates. Molybdenum sleeves, consisting of 19.6 inch long 0.5-inch nominal outside diameter molybdenum tubes with 0.031-inch nominal wall thickness and centering hardware, will be placed on some of the fuel rods in the array. The purpose of this analysis is to examine two configurations of the 7uPCX using the 1.55 cm triangular pitch grid plates in fully-reflected approach-to-critical experiments with the number of fuel rods in the array as the approach parameter. This document presents the results of the analysis that was done to allow completion of the 7uPCX Configuration Checklist from Appendix A of SPRF-AP-005 [SNL 2020] for the cores noted above. The checklists for these cores are shown in Appendix A.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Avista’s Shared Energy Economy Model Pilot: A Techno-economic Assessment

As part of the second round of the Washington Clean Energy Fund, Avista Corp received a $3.5 million matching grant in support of a shared energy economy project to test the integration of energy assets–from rooftop solar and battery storage to building energy management systems–that can be shared and used for multiple purposes. The goal of this project is to demonstrate how both the customer and the utility can benefit from this shared energy economy model and demonstrate that the electric grid can become more reliable, efficient, resilient, and flexible. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory was engaged by the U.S. Department of Energy and the Washington State Department of Commerce to work with Avista in assessing the benefits of the shared energy economy model. This report documents the techno-economic assessment of the shared energy economy model, including the definition of use cases and applications, collection and preparation of data and input parameters, development of modeling and optimization methods, and case studies and analysis results.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Introducing the 9500 Node Distribution Test System to Support Advanced Power Applications: An Operations-Focused Approach

The 9500 Node Test System is a representative section of distribution power system model developed as a part of the GridAPPS-D™ project, an effort funded by DOE as a part of the Grid Modernization Lab Consortium (GMLC) program. The test system was developed to fulfill a growing need to represent the rapidly evolving state of electric distribution systems by combining elements of legacy infrastructure systems, modern feeder topologies, and an anticipated future with smart grid technologies. It also provides a network model capable of supporting the simulation of operational scenarios such as the ones in a utility distribution control center. This test system allows the evaluation of the performance of advanced power applications in real-time, such as one that simulates the operations of an Advanced Distribution Management Systems (ADMS), Distributed Energy Resource Management Systems (DERMS), etc. in a Distribution control center. This model is an extension of the widely used IEEE 8500 Node Test Feeder and is currently being validated to become an IEEE test case to help increase adoption and widespread usage among both academia and industry. It is a full-size model representative of a section of a utility’s distribution system with multiple feeders fed from different substations. The model includes multiple distribution circuits, a sub-transmission system, multiple substations, behind the meter customer rooftop photovoltaics (PV), and multiple utility-scale distributed energy resources. To enable accurate simulations of operational scenarios, the 9500 Node Test System is designed to support procedure-based operations, with the ability to realistically demonstrate switching operations, feeder reconfiguration, adjustment of volt-var control equipment, dispatch of distributed generation, and response to planned and unplanned outages. The 9500 Node Test System includes three radial distribution feeders with 12.3 MVA of average load, consisting of both medium voltage and low voltage equipment each supplied by a different distribution substation. The three distribution feeders are connected to each other through Normally-Open switches which can be closed when needed to simulate restoration scenarios due to a fault. One feeder represents today’s grid with low penetration of customer-side renewables. The second represents a potential future grid with microgrids and 100% renewable penetration. The third has no customer generation resources, a district steam plant, and a utility-scale solar farm. The three diverse circuits were created to allow the simulation of both today’s situation as well as potential future scenarios. All three feeders have customers connected by low-voltage secondary triplex lines. This test system meets all requirements outlined in the report for creating a simulation environment that would enable discussion between key technical stakeholders as well as having the potential to accelerate operational application development and their subsequent testing and integration. The new model is a possible representation of what we believe the distribution grid may look like in the future: a high penetration of renewables, reconfigurable radial and mesh topology, numerous DERs, islanded microgrids, and significantly increased data and measurement density. The system supports both the solution of existing and newer algorithms but also enables the evaluation of applications in a realistic operational environment defined by task oriented procedural steps that represent the interaction between the control center operator and field personnel.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Incoherent Dynamics of Intense Proton Beams under Electron Cooling

The minimum emittance of ion beams achieved using electron cooling is limited by the heating processes of Intra Beam Scattering and diffusion driven by resonance crossing of particles due to space-charge. We describe a new experiment to explore the intense space-charge regime with a transverse tune shift approaching -0.5 using 2.5~MeV protons at the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab. We also report on the results from PyORBIT simulations incorporating transverse space-charge and electron cooling with emphasis on the incoherent dynamics of the particles.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Thermionic Sources for Electron Cooling at IOTA

We are designing and fabricating two new thermionic sources of magnetized electrons for use in the electron lens project in the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab. These electron sources will be used for cooling 2.5 MeV protons. One source will be used to compensate for emittance growth due to Intra Beam Scattering in experiments with weak space-charge, while the other source will be used to research the interplay between electron cooling and intense space charge. In this paper we present the progress made so far and the upcoming steps for the thermionic electron sources.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

National Reactor Innovation Center (NRIC) Infrastructure Integration Plan

The NRIC Infrastructure Integration Plan serves as a roadmap for integrating future test reactors at the Idaho National Laboratory’s (INL’s) desert Site into core infrastructure and services required for reactor operations. This document is not intended to serve as a requirements document, nor does it list all infrastructure requirements for each reactor planned for testing at the Site. It represents an overview of the most likely infrastructure and services that will be required by some or all the test reactors, as well as what infrastructure and services exist at the Site that have the potential to support and enable NRIC test reactors.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Engineering-scale Modeling of High-Temperature Creep and Creep Crack Growth in Alloy 316H

This document demonstrates completion of the goals described in the technical narrative of the Department of Energy’s Industry Funding Opportunity Announcement (iFOA) project entitled “Modeling and Simulation Development Pathways to Accelerating KP-FHR Licensing,” which relates to the development and demonstration of capabilities for conducting engineering-scale simulations of Alloy 316H components under high-temperature conditions. This work encompassed two major aspects: integrating and testing constitutive models for the creep response of 316H at high temperatures, and developing tools for modeling creep crack growth (CCG) in 316H. Two classes of constitutive models were used in this effort: phenomenological models based on behavior observed at the engineering scale, and reduced-order models (ROMs) that represent the nonlinear response of mesoscale models that capture the sensitivity to material microstructure and processing. Likewise, the approaches employed for CCG modeling considered both simplified engineering approaches and detailed simulations of creep and damage ahead of the crack tip. These developments, which were performed by utilizing the Grizzly code as well as the open-source libraries it depends on, strengthen Grizzly’s ability to support licensing and safety analyses of high-temperature reactor components.

316H↗
DOE OSTI2024

Status of the IOTA proton injector

The IOTA Proton Injector (IPI), currently under installation at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology facility (FAST), is a machine capable of delivering 20\,mA pulses of protons at 2.5\,MeV to the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring. First beam in the IPI beamline is anticipated in the first half of~2024, when it will operate alongside the existing electron injector beamline to facilitate further beam physics research and continued development of novel accelerator technologies at the IOTA ring. This report details the expected operational profile, known challenges, and the current state of installation.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Experiments on Electron Cooling and Intense Space-Charge at IOTA

The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator at Fermilab will explore beam dynamics in a ring with intense space-charge using 2.5~MeV proton beams with an incoherent tune shift approaching -0.5. We will use this machine to explore the interplay between electron cooling, intense space-charge, and coherent instabilities. In this contribution, we describe the machine setup including the design of the electron cooler and the lattice, list specific experiments and discuss the results of numerical simulations which include the effects of electron cooling and transverse space-charge forces.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Common Approach to Molten Salt Reactor Safety Evaluation [Slides]

The presentation describes the necessary elements of developing a common approach to molten salt reactor (MSR) safety adequacy evaluation. Developing a common approach to establishing adequate safety for MSRs could substantially decrease the developer risks. However, safety adequacy is intimately associated with reactor licensing which is an element with national sovereignty. No reactor class has a common, portable international license. The advantageous performance characteristics of MSRs can be leveraged to decrease the cost and time necessary to develop reasonable confidence of adequate safety. Adequate safety can be demonstrated though either accident prevention or mitigation. MSR have characteristics that may make accident mitigation a preferable safety adequacy evaluation approach. Adequate quality as well as a thorough understanding of accident progression validated through separate and integral effects testing remains central to any safety adequacy demonstration method.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Bench-Scale Testing of Monolithic PPI Structured Contactors for Direct Air Capture of CO 2

The overall project objective was to develop, optimize and bench-scale test the integrated embodiment of a leading direct air capture (DAC) sorbent composition, linear-poly(propylenimine) (l-PPI), in a structured material system, specifically a monolithic contactor for achieving low pressure drop, to justify its further scale-up in a subsequent program. The project team was led by CORMETECH, a leading monolithic gas/solid contactor manufacturer for environmental applications, and included Global Thermostat, a well-known DAC start-up, and Georgia Tech, a prominent US academic institution in carbon capture and DAC. The monolithic contactor for l-PPI in this project employed an advanced, cost-effective fabrication technique from CORMETECH, namely a porous monolith substrate directly impregnated with the amine, an approach contrasting to the traditional wash-coating methods used for activating monoliths. The l-PPI monolithic contractor is targeted for use in DAC systems such as the Global Thermostat DAC process, which involves the cyclic operation of ambient air flow over a monolithic amine contactor followed by steam-mediated thermal desorption and CO 2 collection, maximizing volumetric productivity while reducing the auxiliary power required to capture CO 2 from air. The Global Thermostat DAC process currently utilizes poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) materials as baseline sorbents, which are subject to oxidative degradation and slow capacity fade at the elevated temperature required for efficient CO 2 removal. Georgia Tech, with Global Thermostat, had discovered in lab-scale efforts that l-PPI had superior resistance to oxidative degradation compared to PEI, with similar CO 2 adsorption capacity. While the novel l-PPI sorbent offers significant advantages over PEI for DAC, including potential design simplification and increased process efficiency, it is not commercially available, and prior to this project, had not yet been evaluated on the bench-scale in a structured contactor.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Undulator Radiation of Single Electrons: Coherence Length and Quantum-Optical Properties

The aims of the CLARA experiment at the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) were to directly measure the coherence length of undulator radiation emitted by a single electron and to test whether the radiation is in a pure classical Glauber coherent state or in a quantum mixture of coherent and Fock states. We used a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to study visible radiation generated by 150-MeV electrons circulating in the ring. The relative delay between the two arms of the MZI was adjusted by varying the length of one of them with a resolution of 10 nm. The intensity of the circulating beam spanned several orders of magnitude, down to single electrons. A pair of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) was placed at the output of the MZI arms to detect photocounts with high efficiency and timing resolution. We describe the observed interference patterns and photocount rates as a function of interferometer delay and discuss their implications.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Proposal for a Proton-Bunch Compression Experiment at IOTA in the Strong Space-Charge Regime

The longitudinal compression of intense proton bunches with strong space-charge force is an essential component of a proton-based muon source for a muon collider. This paper discusses a proton-bunch compression experiment at the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) storage ring at Fermilab to explore optimal radio frequency (RF) cavity and lattice configurations. IOTA is a compact fixed-energy storage ring that can circulate a 2.5-MeV proton beam with varying beam parameters and lattice configurations. The study will aim to demonstrate a bunch-compression factor of at least 2 in the IOTA ring while examining the impact of intense space-charge effects on the compression process.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Experimental Verification of Integrability in a Danilov-Nagaitsev Lattice using Machine Learning

In non-linear optics, achieving integrability can enhance the dynamic aperture in storage rings. We analyze turn-by-turn phase-space data from our Danilov-Nagaitsev lattice implementation at Fermilab's Integrable Optics Test Accelerator using machine learning. \textit{AI Poincar\'e} estimates conserved quantities from experimental data without prior knowledge of the invariant structure, showing qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. Additionally, one of the two learned invariants exhibits comparable or better conservation compared to known theoretical expressions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Sextupole Misalignment and Defect Identification and Remediation in IOTA

The nonlinear integrable optics studies at the integrable optics test accelerator (IOTA) demand fine control of the chromaticity using sextupole magnets. During the last experimental run undesirable misalignments and multipole composition in some sextupole magnets impacted operations. This report outlines the beam-based methods used to identify the nature of the misalignments and defects, and the subsequent magnetic measurements and remediation of the magnets for future runs.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Proton Beam Dynamics in Bare IOTA with Intense Space-Charge

We are commissioning a 2.5~MeV proton beam for the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator at Fermilab, allowing experiments in the strong space-charge regime with incoherent betatron tune shifts nearing 0.5. Accurate modelling of space-charge dynamics is vital for understanding planned experiments. We compare anticipated emittance growth and beam loss in the bare IOTA configuration using transverse space-charge models in Xsuite, PyORBIT, and MAD-X simulation codes. Our findings reveal agreement within 30\% in core phase-space density predictions up to 100~synchrotron periods at moderate beam currents, while tail distributions and beam loss show significant differences.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

EXPERIMENTS ON ELECTRON COOLING AND INTENSE SPACE-CHARGE AT IOTA

The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator at Fermilab will explore beam dynamics in a ring with intense space-charge using 2.5 MeV proton beams with an incoherent tune shift approaching -0.5. We will use this machine to explore the interplay between electron cooling, intense space-charge, and coherent instabilities. In this contribution, we describe the machine setup including the design of the electron cooler and the lattice, list specific experiments and discuss the results of numerical simulations which include the effects of electron cooling and transverse space-charge forces.

Banerjee, N.↗