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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Challenges of designing, operating, and managing brine extraction at a carbon dioxide storage site

Developing and deploying commercial-scale carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) storage at a site requires operational strategies to manage pressure and CO 2 plume distribution. In the natural gas storage and oil and gas industries, fluid extraction has been successfully implemented as a strategy to manage pressure and control fluid distribution (i.e., hydrocarbon recovery and natural gas storage efficiency, respectively). The technical challenges of integrating brine extraction at CO 2 storage sites are expected to be similar, if not identical, to those in the natural gas storage and petroleum industries. Major technical challenges of using brine extraction to manage storage in a storage unit include (1) designing and completing the brine extraction wells, (2) locating the brine extraction well, (3) assessing the efficacy of brine extraction, and (4) handling the extracted brine. The design and completion of the brine extraction well include the well type (i.e., vertical or horizontal) and perforated interval. The location of the well is influenced by the timing of extraction operations (i.e., prior or after CO 2 injection starts) and project objectives (i.e., desired directional movement of the CO 2 plume and avoid or minimize CO 2 extraction). The efficacy of brine extraction requires a baseline projection of the pressure and CO 2 plume distribution. Options for handling extracted brine include subsurface disposal, surface disposal, and industrial use. Here this paper addresses means of overcoming technical challenges that may likely be encountered before or after CO 2 injection starts.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Coupled management of electric vehicle workplace charging and office building loads

Significant building energy savings are realized through heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) setpoint adjustment and daylighting control. Workplace charging (WPC) enables colocation of electric vehicles (EVs) with office building loads. We proposed managing energy use of workplace EV charging and the office building and determined the number of EVs that building energy savings can facilitate charging. We simulated building energy savings in typical medium offices in Chicago IL, Baltimore MD, and Houston TX, spanning three US climate regions. Considering the EV hosting capacity of the saved building energy and travel patterns of roundtrip commuting, we minimized EV charging costs under time-of-use electricity pricing. Managed WPC can reduce charging electricity bills compared to first-come, first-served charging. The ratio of EVs to chargers, the coincident period of commuters’ dwell time and lower electricity prices, and the number of EVs in the office impacted the economic benefits achieved through charging management.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2023

Effect of nitrogen management in cultivation on the stability and microbial community of post-harvest Monoraphidium sp. algae biomass

Seasonal variation in algae biomass productivity is a significant obstacle to the economical production of fuels and chemicals from algae biomass. Long-term storage is necessary to guarantee a constant supply to a conversion facility and harvested microalgae biomass (20% solids) is subject to degradation immediately upon harvesting as a result of aerobic instability. Ensiling has been successfully used to preserve microalgal biomass, but biomass attributes that contribute to successful storage are poorly understood. Storage studies of Monoraphidium sp. biomass indicate a strong correlation between nitrogen management in algae cultivation and stability of post-harvest algae biomass in 30 days of anaerobic storage. Algae cultivated with periodic nitrogen addition stored poorly (> 20% loss, dry basis), while algae biomass from cultures that were allowed to continue growing after nitrogen depletion was more stable in storage (8% loss, dry basis). A follow-up study aimed at exploring the relationship between nitrogen management in cultivation and stability of post-harvest algae biomass stored Monoraphidium biomass cultivated in nitrogen deplete and nitrogen replete conditions, as well as with blends of each in varying ratios. Monoraphidium biomass from nitrogen replete cultivations experienced the largest degradation (24%, dry basis), while nitrogen deplete biomass experienced the least (10%, dry basis). Dry matter loss experienced during storage of blends was positively correlated with the amount of nitrogen replete biomass that a blend contained. Further, the composition of the post-storage algae microbial community was also strongly affected by cultivation conditions, with Clostridia species being more prevalent in stored biomass obtained from nitrogen replete cultivations. Nitrogen management has long been known to influence algae biomass productivity and biochemical composition; here, we demonstrate that it also strongly influences the stability of post-harvest algae biomass in anaerobic storage.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Hybrid Energy Management with Real-Time Control of a High-Power EV Charging Site

Decarbonization of transportation systems is driving higher capacity energy storage and faster charging power requirements in electric vehicles (EVs). Given the potential advantages - such as increased efficiency, reduced inverter capacity, and less total cable mass - there is a demand in the industry for more DC distribution for high-power charging (HPC) hubs. However, the cost-effective, adaptive, and robust operation of the DC-coupled HPC hub necessitates a robust site energy management system (SEMS). Validating SEMS operation using a digital twin of an HPC hub in a real-time simulator (RTS) platform is crucial before field deployment. In this study, we propose a hybrid energy management site controller designed to achieve high-level, long-term operational objectives while managing low-level power sharing control between hub assets. We develop a centralized model predictive controller (MPC) to optimize hub operating points and use these points to update the droop parameters of the site energy storage system (ESS). This approach ensures the hub follows an optimal operating point while maintaining the flexibility to respond to load surges. We tested and verified our proposed approach both offline and on a Controller Hardware-in-the-loop (C-HIL) simulation platform integrated with a SEMS framework, demonstrating real-time site operation and validating a cost-effective and robust site controller.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Evaluation of Distributed Power Apportioning with Net Load Management Engine in Microgrids Using Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation

This article presents the performance evaluation of ratio consensus-based distributed power apportioning engine along with centralized net load management (NLM) engine that ensures viable and stable operation of an islanded microgrid. Managing net load variability in a microgrid with high penetrations of uncertain renewable generation and ever-changing load demands is a crucial need in order to ensure viable and stable operation of the microgrid. Centralized “dispatch-rule”-based and/or multi-agent-based distributed control of distributed energy resources (DERs) in microgrid are well accepted for microgrid by adapting ANSI/ISA-95-based hierarchical control architecture. In the application where microgrid network has large geographical span with multiple DERs dispersed in the network, high penetration of uncertain renewable energy resources, and ever-changing load demands, a judicious selection of techniques/solutions for managing net-load resources for maintaining viability and stability is required. With this motivation, this article proposes a novel solution to mitigate the challenges by incorporating a mixed centralized NLM engine and distributed power apportioning control of DERs and loads. A power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) -based experiment is conducted with the centralized NLM engine and the distributed power apportioning engine along with two commercial inverters. The experimental results validates the efficacy of the proposed method in ensuring viability and stability of a microgrid.

hardware-in-the-loop simulation↗
DOE OSTI2020

Optimal Energy Dispatch of Distributed PVs for the Next Generation of Distribution Management Systems

Advanced Distribution Management Systems (ADMS) are being widely adopted by electric utilities for managing and optimizing the operations of their distribution systems. Distributed photovoltaic (DPV) systems with smart inverters can be controlled to adjust active power and reactive power outputs, and they are envisioned to become a part of (centrally or distributed) controllable assets managed by the ADMS for optimizing grid operations. This paper proposes an optimal energy dispatch strategy controlling DPV systems for regulating distribution voltages and achieving conservation voltage reduction. A convex optimization model is proposed with the use of linearized power flow, and the gradient projection algorithm is used to solve the optimal active power and reactive power outputs of smart inverters. The proposed optimal energy dispatch is implemented using an open-source ADMS platform, and simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach on improving distribution grid operations.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Integrated Large-Scale Data Management Platform for Photovoltaic Power Conversion Equipment (PCE) Reliability Data

To meet the demand for accuracy and real-time capability of PV system degradation evaluation, massive volume data is needed to run high-fidelity and high-efficiency simulations and perform advanced data analysis. However, PV farm operators have a series of difficulties with PV inverter data, such as data collection from multiple channels, massive data storage, data management and massive data analysis. To address these challenges, we developed an integrated data management platform capable of data acquisition, processing, storage, query, and performing big data analysis utilizing AI algorithms. The platform can also achieve data correctness verification and provide an effective distributed data management solution to retrieve massive data and establish a connection to distributed computational frameworks.

data management platform↗
DOE OSTI2021

Electric-Drive Vehicle Power Electronics Thermal Management: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Directions

Effective thermal management of traction-drive power electronics is critical to the advancement of electric-drive vehicles and is necessary for increasing power density and improving reliability. Replacing traditional silicon devices with more efficient, higher temperature, higher voltage, and higher frequency wide-bandgap (WBG) devices will enable increased power density but will result in higher device heat fluxes. Compact packaging of high-temperature WBG devices near low-temperature-rated components creates thermal management challenges that need to be addressed for future power-dense systems. This paper summarizes the thermal performance of on-road automotive power electronics thermal management systems and provides thermal performance and pumping-power metrics for select vehicles. Thermal analyses reveal that the package/conduction resistance dominates the total thermal resistance (for existing automotive systems). We model advanced packaging concepts and compare the results with existing packaging designs to quantify their thermal performance enhancements. Double-side-cooled configurations that do not use thermal interface materials are package concepts predicted to provide a low junction-to-fluid thermal resistance (compared to current packages). Dielectric-fluid-cooled concepts enable a redesign of the package to reduce the package resistance, can be implemented in single- and two-phase cooling approaches, and allow for cooling of passive components (e.g., capacitors) and bus bars.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Review—Thermal Safety Management in Li-Ion Batteries: Current Issues and Perspectives

Approaches for thermal management of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries do not always keep pace with advances in energy storage and power delivering capabilities. Root-cause analysis and empirical evidence indicate that thermal runaway (TR) in cells and cell-to-cell thermal propagation are due to adverse changes in physical and chemical characteristics internal to the cell. However, industry widely uses battery management systems (BMS) originally designed for aqueous-based batteries to manage Li-ion batteries. Even the "best" BMS that monitor both voltage and outside-surface temperature of each cell are not capable of preventing TR or TR propagation, because voltage and surface-mounted temperature sensors do not track fast-emerging adverse events inside a cell. Most BMS typically include a few thermistors mounted on select cells to monitor their surface temperature. Technology to track intra-cell changes that are TR precursors is becoming available. Simultaneously, the complex pathways resulting in cell-to-cell TR propagation are being successfully modelled and mapped. Innovative solutions to prevent TR and thermal propagation are being advanced. These include modern BMS for rapid monitoring the internal health of each individual cell and physical as well as chemical methods to reduce the deleterious effects of rapid cell-to-cell heat and material transport in case of TR.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Westinghouse advanced fuel management strategies leveraging high enrichment and high burnup fuel to optimize PWR economics

In the US, nuclear power plants have been focused on increasing electricity generation for over three decades via longer operating cycles, reduced number of outages and duration, and the implementation of power up-rates. The potential for zero-carbon emission credits and other carbon-reduction initiatives further makes nuclear power utilities to focus on increasing generation capability. Longer operating cycles provide increased energy generation and enable economic savings to nuclear utilities when the increase in fuel loading required to achieve the extended cycle energy target and resulting increase in total fuel cost is offset by the savings from outage avoidance and reduced replacement power costs. For the current licensed limits of 5 w/o {sup 235}U enrichment and 62 GWd/tU peak pin burnup, higher power density PWR plants, which are prevalent in the PWR fleet, require an excessively penalizing fraction of feed fuel assemblies to operate for the extended cycle duration, with inevitably poor fuel use and fuel cycle economics that cannot be counterbalanced by the savings on outage cost avoidance. To overcome this barrier, the nuclear industry is pursuing development of high enrichment/high burnup fuel technology ({sup 235}U enrichment up to 8 w/o and peak pin burnup up to 75 GWd/tU) which increases fuel energy generation capability and can enable high power density plants to achieve positive economics on 24-month cycle of operation. This paper presents advanced fuel management strategies developed by Westinghouse to enable transition of PWR reactors from 18-month to 24-month cycle of operation, with and without a core thermal power uprate, which are then used as basis to assess the economics of a direct transition from 18 to 24-month cycles with high enrichment/high burnup fuel. The results show that these fuel management strategies, especially if coupled with thermal power up-rates, present the opportunity for substantial economic benefits to utilities. The systematic review of fuel management strategies presented can provide an illustrative reference for decision makers as they consider how to maximize nuclear energy generation economically. (authors)

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Metaevaluation Final Report: Sandia National Laboratories Recorded Information Management Training Program Evaluation

For my internship project, I chose to evaluate the training program for the Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Recorded Information Management (RIM) Program. The purpose of the evaluation was to identify: Where the current training meets federal and corporate requirements and if not, what gaps exist; If the training is accessible in a consistent location; If the training contains a consistent message about the responsibility of managing documents; If the training is organized by records management subject areas.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Biodefense Knowledge Management System

After the Amerithrax attacks, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) recognized the need to link technical scientific information with law enforcement and national security information in the fight against bioterrorism. The Biodefense Knowledge Center (BKC) was formed to provide timely analysis of technical biodefense-related topics to support DHS and its customers in the interagency. The Biodefense Knowledge Management System (BKMS) was created as the backbone for information management within the BKC. It is a scalable, web-based knowledge management system for organizing disparate data sources. By combining information from 35+ data sources, the BKMS provides a searchable repository for technical information including scientific reports, journal articles, news articles, research funding databases, patent databases, and genomic datasets. The current system contains over 58 million documents and 450 million genomic records, and operates at several classification levels.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2020

Radioactive Waste Management Basis

This Radioactive Waste Management Basis (RWMB) documents radioactive waste management practices adopted at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) pursuant to Department of Energy (DOE) Order 435.1, Radioactive Waste Management.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

LANL Waste Management

All waste at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL or the Laboratory) is subject to one or more types of regulations and must be managed properly. This document describes LANL requirements for waste generated and managed by waste generators and Treatment and Storage Facilities (TSFs) to ensure compliance with legal mandates and Laboratory requirements as necessary to protect human health, safety, and the environment. This document has been revised as part of a process in which the Laboratory systematically plans, documents, executes, and evaluates its management of regulated waste streams.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

PACT Data Management Plan (V.1.0)

The Perovskite PV Accelerator for Commercial Technology (PACT) is an independent validation center for the evaluation of perovskite PV technologies and their bankability. The center is led by Sandia National Laboratories and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and includes as part of its team Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), CFV Labs, Black and Veatch (B&V), and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The goals of the center are to: Develop and improve indoor and outdoor performance characterization methods, Develop and validate accelerated qualification testing for early failures (5-10 years), Research degradation and failure modes, Validate outdoor performance, and Provide bankability services to US perovskite PV (PSC) industry. The importance of data and data management to the success and outcomes of the PACT center is paramount. This report describes how data will be managed and protected by PACT and identifies important data management principles that will guide our approach.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Investigating the Impacts of Changes in Land Cover and Land Management on Climate Using ACME

The overall objective of our ACME project is to advance the treatment of land disturbance, particularly land use and land cover changes (LULCCs) and land management practices, and couple it with ALM to fully explore the potential contribution of LULCC and land management practices to future emissions and mitigation opportunities, and terrestrial carbon sources and sinks, and climate change. To achieve this objective, we have incorporated the advances made by DOE in IAM and ESM modeling efforts and our research at UIUC in global land disturbance, carbon management, and socioeconomic research.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Application of Manufacturing Quality Management Principles to PV System Installations

To help SETO/DOE achieve its goals, the IBTS team proposed a project addressing system reliability by improving installation standards and quality management. The proposed approach was designed to help achieve measurable reductions in installation defect density and improvements in the performance of PV systems by optimizing design and installation of residential and commercial PV systems. This approach addressed the soft costs associated with installations and quality management. The project demonstrated improved system reliability and reduced PV system installation costs. The software developed improved operations, decreased risk, and increased the overall value of PV systems across their lifecycle. The project used several data collection methods, including extensive industry surveys, face-to-face high-level interviews at industry conferences, stakeholder teleconferences, and in-depth interviews conducted by IBTS staff. Results from the research found the industry needs a uniform assessment method for national providers to be more efficient; the software should support both code officials and installers; most industry stakeholders would find value in a centralized software system that allows them to collect, report, and review information on in-process and completed solar installations; and mobile solutions that bridge existing knowledge gaps with inspectors and integrate with existing methodologies (such as permitting software) are of great value. The software solution developed is web-based, allowing for national access, and is built on a Google Firebase platform that can handle significant users and data. It can be used onsite or remotely, allowing for code compliance to continue despite ongoing pandemic related delays or shutdowns for local economies. The information provided by the software tool allows users to uniformly assess a system for compliance and use that aggregated data to identify training topics or create internal process designed to improving issues and reducing occurrence. This solution has multiple benefits in managing quality at time of use and promoting an increase in future safety and quality through education. Perhaps most importantly, this software increases public safety by ensuring compliance of installed systems and allows for local AHJs to remotely engage specialized and qualified solar specific expertise for oversite of the installation in their jurisdictions. Data analysis provides the quality feedback loop identifying the root cause of failure and drives installation practices to improve through training and education, resulting in systems with higher performance, greater reliability, and reduced operations and maintenance costs. With the successful completion of this project, the industry can expect reduced soft costs and increased performance and safety and will ultimately benefit from longer performing systems that cost less to operate.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Electric Access System Enhancement (EASE): Assessment of a Distributed Energy Resource Management System for Enabling Dynamic Hosting Capacity

The Electric Access System Enhancement (EASE) project demonstrated a scalable, interoperable, and cost-effective means of integrating high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs). The control architecture developed leveraged a Distributed Energy Resource Management System, Distribution System Operator for transacting energy, and 3rd Party DER Aggregator platform. The project identified ways to enhance the customer interconnection process to the grid and improve access to information from DERs and optimize the usage of DERs to provide energy services in a simulated day-ahead shadow market while maintain grid reliability. By integrating these capabilities into a scalable system of systems, the DSO can effectively balance DER generation and customer demand on the distribution network. This capability allows the grid to host more DER than traditionally possible on wires alone. Hosting more DER has the added benefit of supplying increased demand growth, sometimes beyond the capacity limits of the distribution network itself. This is known as a dynamic hosting capacity, which could help utilities manage the forecasted growth in electricity demand as California switch to electric vehicles and appliances. This could help to establish energy storage and PV generation as a “pseudo firm” generation resource mix if managed appropriately and provide sufficient resource adequacy for distribution capacity upgrade deferrals.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗