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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Extended Storage Considerations for Dry Cask Storage Systems Using Welded Stainless Steel Canisters - 17436

Dry storage of used nuclear fuel is likely to continue for several decades due to the lack of a permanent repository. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) conducted a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in order to identify degradation mechanisms that are relevant to Dry Cask Storage Systems (DCSSs) which store used fuel within a welded stainless steel canister housed inside a vented concrete cask. Chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking (CISCC) was identified as the potential degradation mechanism that would be most likely to challenge the confinement function of these canisters. This paper describes research efforts aimed at identifying canisters with CISCC prior to loss of confinement and understanding the consequences should such a loss occur. Key areas of research include development of aging management guidance with recommendations for the scope, frequency, and coverage for canister inspections, demonstration of non-destructive evaluation capabilities, and evaluation of the potential consequences in terms of dose to site personnel and the general public should cracking develop and grow through a canister wall. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2024

Bill Savings vs. Backup Power: Evaluating operational tradeoffs for home solar+storage systems [Slides]

Adoption of residential solar photovoltaic+energy storage systems (PVESS) is driven by both bill savings opportunities and customer demand for backup power. Prior work by this team (Gorman et al., 2022; Gorman et al., 2023) explored PVESS backup power capabilities during long-duration power interruptions (e.g., due to severe weather events), when customers are assumed to be able to anticipate the event and charge their batteries in advance. In many cases, however, power interruptions are unpredictable (and often relatively short); for those types of events, a customer will typically set its battery to maintain some minimum capacity in reserve in case of an interruption, which reduces the capacity available for managing utility bills. This study evaluates this operational tradeoff to help customers and installers configure backup reserve settings, and to inform decision-making more generally about the customer value of backup power services compared to utility bill savings. This study utilizes Berkeley Lab’s PRESTO tool to produce stochastic simulations of (predominantly short-duration) power interruption events, and builds on an earlier case-study demonstrating PVESS backup performance during short-duration interruptions (Baik et al., 2023).

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Washington Clean Energy Fund: Energy Storage System Consolidated Performance Test Results

This report provides an overview of test results for four energy storage systems funded under the Washington Clean Energy Fund deployed at three utilities in Washington State. Integration of energy storage into the U.S. grid has been gathering momentum across the industry, especially as penetration of power generated by renewable resources increases. Several states have storage procurement targets to deal with a variety of issues, such as afternoon total system load ramping requirements, frequency regulation/control, and integration power generated from by renewable resources. This report presents the performance test results for battery energy storage systems (BESS) funded by the Washington Clean Energy Fund (CEF) 1 Program ($\$$14.3 million in state funding supporting a total investment of $\$$43 million). For each project, the technical attributes of the BESS were tested, defined, and evaluated in detail. These projects were funded jointly by Avista, the Snohomish Public Utility District (SnoPUD), Puget Sound Energy (PSE), the Washington CEF, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (DOE-OE).

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2019

Molecular Level Understanding of the Interactions Between Reaction Intermediates of Li–S Energy Storage Systems and Ether Solvents

The lithium–sulfur energy storage system has the potential to deliver high energy density for grid and transportation applications. Lithium polysulfides (LiPS) formed during the chemical transformation of elemental sulfur can be reactive toward commonly used ether solvents. In this chapter, using density functional theory calculations, we address kinetic and thermodynamic feasibilities of LiPS reactions with various ether molecules (linear and cyclic) and fluorine-substituted ether molecules to understand their long-term chemical stability as solvents or cosolvents. These a priori computations indicate that the most reactive intermediates that initiate a likely degradation reaction of ether solvent molecules are Li2S2, Li2S3, Li2S4, and S2 2−. The lowest computed activation barriers (ΔH ‡) for the CO bond cleavage of dimethoxy ethane (DME) by shorter chain polysulfides or sulfide anions are in the range of ∼27–35 kcal mol−1, suggesting extremely slow kinetics for a polysulfide-induced ether solvent degradation. Calculations are extended to nine more linear and cyclic ether solvent molecules including the glymes, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dioxolane (DOL). Computations suggest that the solvent stability is higher for shorter chain linear ethers compared to longer chain linear ethers and cyclic ethers. In addition to the 10 ether solvent candidates, simulations were also performed to understand the kinetic stability of 16 fluorinated DME molecules – a model for fluorinated ether species. Computations show that the introduction of one or more CF bond(s) in linear ether molecules enables nucleophilic attack by the polysulfide species, especially toward the polar CF/CO bonds. The CO bond stability of the fluoroether molecule was also compromised by the presence of the highly electron-withdrawing “−F” functional group. In general, in this chapter, utilizing the predictive power of first principle simulations, the LiPS reactivity toward ether solvent molecules was simulated and likely reactions that cause degradation are discussed. These studies also provide guidelines for the design of electrolyte systems with longer term chemical stability.

Assary, Rajeev S.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Redox storage systems for solar applications

The NASA Redox energy storage system is described. The system is based on soluble aqueous iron and chromium chloride redox couples. The needed technology advances in the two elements (electrodes and membranes) that are key to its technological feasibility have been achieved and system development has begun. The design, construction, and test of a 1 kilowatt system integrated with a solar photovoltaic array is discussed.

Hagedorn, N. H.↗
DOE OSTI2013

Advanced Thermal Storage System with Novel Molten Salt: December 8, 2011 - April 30, 2013

Final technical progress report of Halotechnics Subcontract No. NEU-2-11979-01. Halotechnics has demonstrated an advanced thermal energy storage system with a novel molten salt operating at 700 degrees C. The molten salt and storage system will enable the use of advanced power cycles such as supercritical steam and supercritical carbon dioxide in next generation CSP plants. The salt consists of low cost, earth abundant materials.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Determination of Duty Cycles for Energy Storage Systems Providing Frequency Regulation and Peak Shaving Services with var Support

This report supplements the report, “Protocol for Uniformly Measuring and Expressing the Performance of Energy Storage Systems,” PNNL-22010 Rev. 2 / SAND2016-3078 (2016 Protocol). It provides the background and documentation associated with the development of a duty cycle to be applied to an energy storage system (ESS) for any of the two applications (Frequency Regulation with VAr and Peak Shaving with VAr applications) for the purpose of measuring and expressing ESS performance in accordance with the 2016 Protocol for measuring and expressing ESS performance.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Design Tool for Estimating Adsorbent Hydrogen Storage System Characteristics for Light-Duty Fuel Cell Vehicles

This work combines materials development with hydrogen storage technology advancements to address onboard hydrogen storage challenges in light-duty vehicle applications. These systems are comprised of the vehicle requirements design space, balance of plant requirements, storage system components, and materials engineering culminating in the development of an Adsorbent System Design Tool that serves as a preprocessor to the storage system and vehicle-level models created within the Hydrogen Storage Engineering Center of Excellence. Computational and experimental efforts were integrated to evaluate, design, analyze, and scale potential hydrogen storage systems and their supporting components against the Department of Energy 2020 and Ultimate Technical Targets for Hydrogen Storage Systems for Light Duty Vehicles. Ultimately, the Adsorbent System Design Tool was created to assist material developers in assessing initial design parameters that would be required to estimate the performance of the hydrogen storage system once integrated with the full fuel cell system.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2017

Concrete Materials with Ultra-High Damage Resistance and Self- Sensing Capacity for Extended Nuclear Fuel Storage Systems

The objective of this project is to develop a new class of multifunctional concrete materials (MSCs) for extended spent nuclear fuel (SNF) storage systems, which combine ultra-high damage resistance through strain-hardening behavior with distributed multi-dimensional damage self-sensing capacity. The beauty of multifunctional concrete materials is two-fold: First, it serves as a major material component for the SNF pool, dry cask shielding and foundation pad with greatly improved resistance to cracking, reinforcement corrosion, and other common deterioration mechanisms under service conditions, and prevention from fracture failure under extreme events (e.g. impact, earthquake). This will be achieved by designing multiple levels of protection mechanisms into the material (i.e., ultrahigh ductility that provides thousands of times greater fracture energy than concrete and normal fiber reinforced concrete; intrinsic cracking control, electrochemical properties modification, reduced chemical and radionuclide transport properties, and crack-healing properties). Second, it offers capacity for distributed and direct sensing of cracking, strain, and corrosion wherever the material is located. This will be achieved by establishing the changes in electrical properties due to mechanical and electrochemical stimulus. The project will combine nano-, micro- and composite technologies, computational mechanics, durability characterization, and structural health monitoring methods, to realize new MSCs for very long-term (greater than 120 years) SNF storage systems.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Concrete Materials with Ultra-High Damage Resistance and Self- Sensing Capacity for Extended Nuclear Fuel Storage Systems

The objective of this project is to develop a new class of multifunctional concrete materials (MSCs) for extended spent nuclear fuel (SNF) storage systems, which combine ultra-high damage resistance through strain-hardening behavior with distributed multi-dimensional damage self-sensing capacity. The beauty of multifunctional concrete materials is two-fold: First, it serves as a major material component for the SNF pool, dry cask shielding and foundation pad with greatly improved resistance to cracking, reinforcement corrosion, and other common deterioration mechanisms under service conditions, and prevention from fracture failure under extreme events (e.g. impact, earthquake). This will be achieved by designing multiple levels of protection mechanisms into the material (i.e., ultrahigh ductility that provides thousands of times greater fracture energy than concrete and normal fiber reinforced concrete; intrinsic cracking control, electrochemical properties modification, reduced chemical and radionuclide transport properties, and crack-healing properties). Second, it offers capacity for distributed and direct sensing of cracking, strain, and corrosion wherever the material is located. This will be achieved by establishing the changes in electrical properties due to mechanical and electrochemical stimulus. The project will combine nano-, micro- and composite technologies, computational mechanics, durability characterization, and structural health monitoring methods, to realize new MSCs for very long-term (greater than 120 years) SNF storage systems.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2016

An analysis of image storage systems for scalable training of deep neural networks

This study presents a principled empirical evaluation of image storage systems for training deep neural networks. We employ the Caffe deep learning framework to train neural network models for three different data sets, MNIST, CIFAR-10, and ImageNet. While training the models, we evaluate five different options to retrieve training image data: (1) PNG-formatted image files on local file system; (2) pushing pixel arrays from image files into a single HDF5 file on local file system; (3) in-memory arrays to hold the pixel arrays in Python and C++; (4) loading the training data into LevelDB, a log-structured merge tree based key-value storage; and (5) loading the training data into LMDB, a B+tree based key-value storage. The experimental results quantitatively highlight the disadvantage of using normal image files on local file systems to train deep neural networks and demonstrate reliable performance with key-value storage based storage systems. When training a model on the ImageNet dataset, the image file option was more than 17 times slower than the key-value storage option. Along with measurements on training time, this study provides in-depth analysis on the cause of performance advantages/disadvantages of each back-end to train deep neural networks. We envision the provided measurements and analysis will shed light on the optimal way to architect systems for training neural networks in a scalable manner.

Lim, Seung-Hwan↗
DOE OSTI2020

Design analysis of a particle-based thermal energy storage system for concentrating solar power or grid energy storage

Energy storage is becoming indispensable for expanding renewable energy integration, and it is critical to the future low-carbon energy supply. Large-capacity, grid scale energy storage can support the integration of solar and wind power and support grid resilience with the diminishing capacity of baseload fossil power plants. With the development of thermal energy storage (TES) for concentrating solar power systems, standalone TES for grid integration becomes attractive due to the declining renewable generation cost and an increasing need for energy storage. The standalone TES system introduced in this paper can play a big role in the carbon-free energy future with capacity larger than batteries and cost likely lower than other energy storage methods such as pumped storage hydropower and compressed air energy storage, both of which also have geological limitations. To this end, we describe a TES system that uses stable, inexpensive solid particles as a TES media to provide scalable, low cost energy storage. The particle-based TES has the ability to drive various thermal power cycles including conventional steam-Rankine, air Brayton turbine with combined-cycle ability, or the emerging supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle. This work describes the containment design method including a concrete silo and an internal-insulation layer for the particle-TES system. The economic analysis shows significantly low storage cost when the particle-TES is integrated with Brayton combined-cycle power generation. The paper shows the design approach of the particle-TES system and its economic potential for bulk energy storage. The advantage of the particle-TES system as a promising bulk energy storage method is its ability to economically support dispatchable renewable grid penetration for larger capacity and longer discharging hours than current battery storage technologies.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Study of Codes & Standards for Energy Storage Systems: A Report to Congress

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684, 2021) directed the Secretary of Energy to prepare a report identifying the existing codes and standards for energy storage technologies. The stated goals for the report are to enhance the safe development of energy storage systems by identifying codes that require updating and facilitation of greater conformity in codes across different types and usages of energy storage technologies. This paper will focus on the specific codes and standards for stationary energy storage systems (ESS).

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

A scalable planning framework of energy storage systems under frequency dynamics constraints

As the penetration of renewables increases in power systems, the declining system inertia can cause frequency stability issues. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) respond fast and therefore can relieve the low inertia difficulty but need to be appropriately sized considering the associated cost. This paper presents a novel stochastic optimization model for economically planning BESS capacity while considering the spatial–temporal correlation of wind generation and generator outages under frequency stability constraints, which include the rate-of-change of frequency (RoCoF), frequency nadir (FN), and quasi-steady-state (QSS) frequency. A set of new FN constraints that can be easily linearized is developed. To account for renewable uncertainties, a realistic uncertainty modeling approach, Random Field, is adopted to generate wind generation scenarios by considering both spatial and temporal evolutions of wind speed profiles. The ESS sizing is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem and solved by using a scalable decomposition-and-coordination approach, Surrogate Absolute Value Lagrangian Relaxation (SAVLR). To further improve the scalability and reduce computational burdens, a rolling-horizon-based update is developed and incorporated into SAVLR for providing a practical solution to the long-term planning of very large-scale power systems. Finally, a modified IEEE 118-bus system and the Polish system are used to validate the effectiveness and scalability of the model and solution methodology.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2018

Best Practices for Operation and Maintenance of Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems; 3rd Edition

The goal of this guide is to reduce the cost and improve the effectiveness of operations and maintenance (O&M) for photovoltaic (PV) systems and combined PV and energy storage systems. Reported O&M costs vary widely based on the requirements of the system and the nature of the O&M contract, but a more standardized approach to planning and delivering O&M has the potential to both decrease costs and make those costs more predictable over time. This guide encourages adoption of best practices to reduce the cost of O&M and improve the performance of fielded systems, but it also enhances financing of new projects by making cost more predictable and mitigating performance risk. This guide also includes technical improvement opportunities in the design of systems and in specification of equipment because high-quality system deployment improves lifetime project performance and energy production while reducing, or at least optimizing, costs to deliver an O&M program. This guide provides recommendations that increase the effectiveness of O&M services; reduce O&M costs, improve solar asset transparency for investors and rating agencies; provide an industry framework for quality management; and reduce transaction costs.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗