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At least 289 records · Page 16

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NASA NTRS1984

Optimization and mechanisms of mistuning in cascades

In the present inverse design procedure for the optimum mistuning of a high bypass ratio shroudless fan that is modeled as a cascade of blades (each with a single torsional degree-of-freedom), linearized supersonic aerodynamic theory is used to compute the unsteady aerodynamic forces in the 'influence coefficient' form at a typical blade section. The mistuning pattern is then numerically optimized in order to achieve a specified increase in the aeroelastic stability margin with a minimum amount of mistuning. If the blades are self-damped, an optimized mistuning pattern can be found that achieves a given stability margin for a much lower level of mistuning than required for the alternate mistuning pattern, which requires only two blade frequencies and is relatively insensitive to implementation errors.

Crawley, E. F.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Unsteady transonic flow calculations for two-dimensional canard-wing configurations with aeroelastic applications

Unsteady transonic flow calculations for aerodynamically interfering airfoil configurations are performed as a first step toward solving the three dimensional canard wing interaction problem. These calculations are performed by extending the XTRAN2L two dimensional unsteady transonic small disturbance code to include an additional airfoil. Unsteady transonic forces due to plunge and pitch motions of a two dimensional canard and wing are presented. Results for a variety of canard wing separation distances reveal the effects of aerodynamic interference on unsteady transonic airloads. Aeroelastic analyses employing these unsteady airloads demonstrate the effects of aerodynamic interference on aeroelastic stability and flutter. For the configurations studied, increases in wing flutter speed result with the inclusion of the aerodynamically interfering canard.

Batina, J. T.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Recent developments in the dynamics of advanced rotor systems

The problems that were encountered in the dynamics of advanced rotor systems are described. The methods for analyzing these problems are discussed, as are past solutions of the problems. To begin, the basic dynamic problems of rotors are discussed: aeroelastic stability, rotor and airframe loads, and aircraft vibration. Next, advanced topics that are the subject of current research are described: vibration control, dynamic upflow, finite element analyses, and composite materials. Finally, the dynamics of various rotorcraft configurations are considered: hingeless rotors, bearingless rotors, rotors with circulation control, coupled rotor/engine dynamics, articulated rotors, and tilting proprotor aircraft.

Johnson, W.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Rotorcraft research testing in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex at NASA Ames Research Center

The unique capabilities of the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) for testing rotorcraft systems are described. The test facilities include the 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel, the 80- by 120-Foot Wind Tunnel, and the Outdoor Aerodynamic Research Facility. The Ames 7- by 10-Foot Subsonic Wind Tunnel is also used in support of the rotor research programs conducted in the NFAC. Detailed descriptions of each of the facilities, with an emphasis on helicopter rotor test capability, are presented. The special purpose rotor test equipment used in conducting helicopter research is reviewed. Test rigs to operate full-scale helicopter main rotors, helicopter tail rotors, and tilting prop-rotors are available, as well as full-scale and small-scale rotor systems for use in various research programs. The test procedures used in conducting rotor experiments are discussed together with representative data obtained from previous test programs. Specific examples are given for rotor performance, loads, acoustics, system interactions, dynamic and aeroelastic stability, and advanced technology and prototype demonstration models.

Warmbrodt, W.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Recent developments in the dynamics of advanced rotor systems

The problems that have been encountered in the dynamics of advanced rotor systems are described. The methods for analyzing these problems are discussed, as are past solutions of the problems. To begin, the basic dynamic problems of rotors are discussed: aeroelastic stability, rotor and airframe loads, and aircraft vibration. Next, advanced topics that are the subject of current research are described: vibration control, dynamic inflow, finite element analyses, and composite materials. Finally, the dynamics of various rotorcraft configurations are considered: hingeless rotors, bearingless rotors, rotors with circulation control, coupled rotor/engine dynamics, articulated rotors, and tilting proprotor aircraft.

Johnson, W.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Unsteady transonic flow calculations for two-dimensional canard-wing configurations with aeroelastic applications

Unsteady transonic flow calculations for aerodynamically interfering airfoil configurations are performed as a first-step toward solving the three-dimensional canard-wing interaction problem. These calculations are performed by extending the XTRAN2L two-dimensional unsteady transonic small-disturbance code to include an additional airfoil. Unsteady transonic forces due to plunge and pitch motions of a two-dimensional canard and wing are presented. Results for a variety of canard-wing separation distances reveal the effects of aerodynamic interference on unsteady transonic airloads. Aeroelastic analyses employing these unsteady airloads demonstrate the effects of aerodynamic interference on aeroelastic stability and flutter. For the configurations studied, increases in wing flutter speed result with the inclusion of the aerodynamically interfering canard.

Batina, J. T.↗

NASA NTRS1985

The influence of dynamic inflow and torsional flexibility on rotor damping in forward flight from symbolically generated equations

The combined effects of blade torsion and dynamic inflow on the aeroelastic stability of an elastic rotor blade in forward flight are studied. The governing sets of equations of motion (fully nonlinear, linearized, and multiblade equations) used in this study are derived symbolically using a program written in FORTRAN. Stability results are presented for different structural models with and without dynamic inflow. A combination of symbolic and numerical programs at the proper stage in the derivation process makes the obtainment of final stability results an efficient and straightforward procedure.

Reddy, T. S. R.↗

NASA NTRS1985

A new look at arbitrary motion unsteady aerodynamics and its application to rotary-wing aeroelasticity

Research on arbitrary motion unsteady aerodynamics, emphasizing applications to rotary wing aeroelastic problems, is reviewed. Generalization of Greenberg's theory and its application to hingeless rotor aeroelastic stability; a technique for formulating finite state approximations to unsteady aerodynamic theories, suitable for fixed and rotary-wing applications, and its application to generalize Loewy's theory; comparison of fixed wing and rotary wing indicial response functions; influence of arbitrary motion aerodynamics, as represented by dynamic inflow on a helicopter in ground resonance; and comparison of dynamic inflow with arbitrary motion unsteady airfoil aerodynamics are covered.

Friedmann, P. P.↗

NASA NTRS1984

The influence of dynamic inflow and torsional flexibility on rotor damping in forward flight from symbolically generated equations

The combined effects of blade torsion and dynamic inflow on the aeroelastic stability of an elastic rotor blade in forward flight are studied. The Helicopter Equations for Stability and Loads (HESL) program is extended to derive the governing equations of motion for the blade, and a Lagrangian formulation is used to obtain the equations in generalized coordinates. The program generates the steady-state and linearized perturbation equations in symbolic form and then codes them into FORTRAN subroutines. The coefficients for each equation and for each mode are identified through a numerical program; the latter can also be used to obtain the harmonic balance equations. The governing multiblade equations are derived explicitly using HESL. These equations can accommodate any number of elastic blade modes. Stability results are presented for several hingeless rotor blade structural models, and the influence of dynamic inflow in forward flight with an elastic hingeless rotor is investigated.

Reddy, T. S. R.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Hover test of a full-scale hingeless rotor

The performance and aeroelastic stability in hover of a 9.8-m diameter, hingeless helicopter rotor system was evaluated. Rotor performance and inplane damping data were obtained for rotor operation beteen 350 and 425 rpm for thrust coefficients (CT/sigma) between 0.0 and 0.12. At constant rotor thrust, a minimum in rotor inplane damping was measured at 400 rpm. Good agreement is shown between experimental performance data and predicted performance. The influence of different aerodynamic inflow models on predicting damping levels is also shown. The best correlation with experimental stability data was obtained when a dynamic inflow model was used instead of static or quasistatic inflow models. Comparison with other full scale, hingeless rotor data in hover is presented. The hingeless rotor data and data from a full scale, bearingless main rotor test performed on the same general purpose test apparatus were compared. Although the bearingless rotor was more highly damped at design tip speed and 1-g thrust operation, greater sensitivity to operating conditions is shown. At low thrust levels the bearingless main rotor is less damped than the hingeless rotor.

Warmbrodt, W.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Recent developments in the dynamics of advanced rotor systems. I

Johnson, W.↗

NASA NTRS1985

The XV-15 Tilt-Rotor flight-test program

The XV-15 Tilt-Rotor flight research program is described; it has resulted in the full-scale development of the Navy's MV-22A Osprey which will be the world's first operational tilt rotor aircraft. Proof-of-concept flight test objectives have been completed along with military service tests and demonstrations. NASA Ames and Bell Helicopter Textron are currently engaged in advanced flight research programs. The government flight test activity is dicussed. It includes hover tests both in ground effect (IGE) and out of ground effect (OGE) for performance, downwash and noise measurements, short-field takeoff and landing (STOL) evaluations, aeroelastic stability investigations, dynamic stability tests, and three-axis sidestick-controller development and evaluation. Advanced Technology Blades will be installed and evaluated under all flight conditions.

Dugan, D. C.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Splitter blades as an aeroelastic detuning mechanism for unstalled supersonic flutter of turbomachine rotors

Splitter plates usable as aeroelastic detuner devices for supersonic flutter in turbomachinery, through the introduction of both aerodynamic and structural detuning to enhance aeroelastic stability, are presently considered by a mathematical model. The model demonstrates that aerodynamic detuning is due to both the alternate circumferential spacing of the full chord airfoils and the variable circumferentially spaced splitters between each pair of full chord airfoils. Structural detuning is based on the lower natural frequencies of the splitters, by comparison with the full chord airfoils. The model's application to two unstable rotors demonstrates enhanced torsion mode flutter stability through the incorporation of splitters, where the critical parameters are chord length and the circumferential and axial locations of the splitters.

Topp, D. A.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Application of modern structural optimization to vibration reduction in rotorcraft

The helicopter rotor model consists of a four bladed hingeless rotor attached to a fuselage. The helicopter is assumed to be in trimmed forward flight. Each blade is assumed to have flap, lag, and torsional degrees of freedom. The fuselage degrees of freedom are not included in the analysis. Thus the aeroelastic stability and response analysis upon which this study is based is an isolated blade analysis. The helicopter rotor vibration reduction problem expressed as a general class of structural synthesis problems is given.

Friedmann, P. P.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Recent developments in the dynamics of advanced rotor systems. II

Johnson, W.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Free vibration characteristics of multiple load path blades by the transfer matrix method

The determination of free vibrational characteristics is basic to any dynamic design, and these characteristics can form the basis for aeroelastic stability analyses. Conventional helicopter blades are typically idealized as single-load-path blades, and the transfer matrix method is well suited to analyze such blades. Several current helicopter dynamic programs employ transfer matrices to analyze the rotor blades. In this paper, however, the transfer matrix method is extended to treat multiple-load-path blades, without resorting to an equivalent single-load-path approximation. With such an extension, these current rotor dynamic programs which employ the transfer matrix method can be modified with relative ease to account for the multiple load paths. Unlike the conventional blades, the multiple-load-path blades require the introduction of the axial degree-of-freedom into the solution process to account for the differential axial displacements of the different load paths. The transfer matrix formulation is validated through comparison with the finite-element solutions.

Murthy, V. R.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Computerized Analysis Of Helicopter-Rotor Aeroelasticity

Analysis of aeroelastic stability of helicopter rotor automated. Symbolic-manipulation program, HESL, written in FORTRAN, used to aid in derivation of government equations of motion for elastic-bladed rotor. Operates both on expressions and matrices. By transferring some burden of algebraic manipulations from human analyst to computer, program reduces tedium analysis and conequent opportunity for errors.

Reddy, T. S. R.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Aircraft flight flutter testing at the NASA Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility

Many parameter identification techniques have been used at the NASA Ames Research Center, Dryden Research Facility at Edwards Air Force Base to determine the aeroelastic stability of new and modified research vehicles in flight. This paper presents a summary of each technique used with emphasis on fast Fourier transform methods. Experiences gained from application of these techniques to various flight test programs are discussed. Also presented are data-smoothing techniques used for test data distorted by noise. Data are presented for various aircraft to demonstrate the accuracy of each parameter identification technique discussed.

Kehoe, Michael W.↗