Results for “collective modes” — Page 16

DOE OSTI2025

2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey - Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region

# 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region The 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region covers the Hawaiian island of Oahu and five counties in surrounding islands. An addendum to the nationwide version of the study conducted in 2019, this regional survey provided additional information and spatial granularity about people’s movements to, from, and within the areas under study. ## Data Collection Agency The survey was conducted for the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization. ## Survey Methodology Data were collected in two zones: the core area (census blocks in the island of Oahu) and the halo area (five counties in adjacent Hawaiian islands). All trips were assigned an origin zone and a destination zone, as well as a travel mode, purpose, and distance. Sociodemographic information related to age, income, and gender was also collected. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 1,154,167,619 trips.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey - Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region

# 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region The 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region covers the Hawaiian island of Oahu and five counties in surrounding islands. An addendum to the nationwide version of the study conducted in 2019, this regional survey provided additional information and spatial granularity about people’s movements to, from, and within the areas under study. ## Data Collection Agency The survey was conducted for the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization. ## Survey Methodology Data were collected in two zones: the core area (census blocks in the island of Oahu) and the halo area (five counties in adjacent Hawaiian islands). All trips were assigned an origin zone and a destination zone, as well as a travel mode, purpose, and distance. Sociodemographic information related to age, income, and gender was also collected. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 1,154,167,619 trips.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey - Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region

# 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region The 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region covers the Hawaiian island of Oahu and five counties in surrounding islands. An addendum to the nationwide version of the study conducted in 2019, this regional survey provided additional information and spatial granularity about people’s movements to, from, and within the areas under study. ## Data Collection Agency The survey was conducted for the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization. ## Survey Methodology Data were collected in two zones: the core area (census blocks in the island of Oahu) and the halo area (five counties in adjacent Hawaiian islands). All trips were assigned an origin zone and a destination zone, as well as a travel mode, purpose, and distance. Sociodemographic information related to age, income, and gender was also collected. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 1,154,167,619 trips.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey - Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region

# 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region The 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region covers the Hawaiian island of Oahu and five counties in surrounding islands. An addendum to the nationwide version of the study conducted in 2019, this regional survey provided additional information and spatial granularity about people’s movements to, from, and within the areas under study. ## Data Collection Agency The survey was conducted for the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization. ## Survey Methodology Data were collected in two zones: the core area (census blocks in the island of Oahu) and the halo area (five counties in adjacent Hawaiian islands). All trips were assigned an origin zone and a destination zone, as well as a travel mode, purpose, and distance. Sociodemographic information related to age, income, and gender was also collected. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 1,154,167,619 trips.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey - Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region

# 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region The 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region covers the Hawaiian island of Oahu and five counties in surrounding islands. An addendum to the nationwide version of the study conducted in 2019, this regional survey provided additional information and spatial granularity about people’s movements to, from, and within the areas under study. ## Data Collection Agency The survey was conducted for the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization. ## Survey Methodology Data were collected in two zones: the core area (census blocks in the island of Oahu) and the halo area (five counties in adjacent Hawaiian islands). All trips were assigned an origin zone and a destination zone, as well as a travel mode, purpose, and distance. Sociodemographic information related to age, income, and gender was also collected. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 1,154,167,619 trips.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey - Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region

# 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region The 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region covers the Hawaiian island of Oahu and five counties in surrounding islands. An addendum to the nationwide version of the study conducted in 2019, this regional survey provided additional information and spatial granularity about people’s movements to, from, and within the areas under study. ## Data Collection Agency The survey was conducted for the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization. ## Survey Methodology Data were collected in two zones: the core area (census blocks in the island of Oahu) and the halo area (five counties in adjacent Hawaiian islands). All trips were assigned an origin zone and a destination zone, as well as a travel mode, purpose, and distance. Sociodemographic information related to age, income, and gender was also collected. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 1,154,167,619 trips.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey - Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region

# 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region The 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region covers the Hawaiian island of Oahu and five counties in surrounding islands. An addendum to the nationwide version of the study conducted in 2019, this regional survey provided additional information and spatial granularity about people’s movements to, from, and within the areas under study. ## Data Collection Agency The survey was conducted for the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization. ## Survey Methodology Data were collected in two zones: the core area (census blocks in the island of Oahu) and the halo area (five counties in adjacent Hawaiian islands). All trips were assigned an origin zone and a destination zone, as well as a travel mode, purpose, and distance. Sociodemographic information related to age, income, and gender was also collected. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 1,154,167,619 trips.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey - Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region

# 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region The 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region covers the Hawaiian island of Oahu and five counties in surrounding islands. An addendum to the nationwide version of the study conducted in 2019, this regional survey provided additional information and spatial granularity about people’s movements to, from, and within the areas under study. ## Data Collection Agency The survey was conducted for the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization. ## Survey Methodology Data were collected in two zones: the core area (census blocks in the island of Oahu) and the halo area (five counties in adjacent Hawaiian islands). All trips were assigned an origin zone and a destination zone, as well as a travel mode, purpose, and distance. Sociodemographic information related to age, income, and gender was also collected. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 1,154,167,619 trips.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2025

2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey - Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region

# 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region The 2022 Next-Generation National Household Travel Survey – Origin-Destination Data Addendum for the Oahu Region covers the Hawaiian island of Oahu and five counties in surrounding islands. An addendum to the nationwide version of the study conducted in 2019, this regional survey provided additional information and spatial granularity about people’s movements to, from, and within the areas under study. ## Data Collection Agency The survey was conducted for the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization. ## Survey Methodology Data were collected in two zones: the core area (census blocks in the island of Oahu) and the halo area (five counties in adjacent Hawaiian islands). All trips were assigned an origin zone and a destination zone, as well as a travel mode, purpose, and distance. Sociodemographic information related to age, income, and gender was also collected. ## Survey Records, Data, and Documentation Survey records include 1,154,167,619 trips.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2021

OPERATING EXPERIENCE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO EMBEDDED DIGITAL DEVICES IN SAFETY SYSTEMS

Interest in embedded digital devices (EDDs) for monitoring and providing control of components is increasing and the added functionality digital brings such as diagnostics, displays, control functions is welcomed in both the nuclear and other industries. As a result, pure analog-based components continue to disappear from the industrial I&C marketplace. Equipment with EDDs, also known by related terms such as smart devices, intelligent devices, and digital devices of limited functionality, can include sensors, breakers, priority logic modules, time delay relays, pumps, valve actuators, motor control centers, and uninterruptible power supplies. Not only is equipment consisting of analog and older digital technology being replaced with commercial grade products containing EDDs, but EDDs can also be retrofitted to work with existing components. EDDs may be installed physically within a component, such as in a relay. There are also external devices that some would not consider an EDD, but that operate in almost all technical ways identically to one internal to a component such as in a valve controller. In fact, the digital portions may be located hundreds of feet from the actual component.Due to the potential of being used in an identical manner and without alteration from their application in other industries, operating experience (OpE) for EDDs may be much more applicable than in the case of other more system level devices. Clear separation and independence of functionality provided with EDDs may also allow greater applicability of existing OpE from industry for changes that can be shown not to affect its safety function. However, OpE also demonstrates issues with different conditions between other industries and nuclear power plants, such as issues with undeclared changes or undeclared digital devices and the new failure modes they may introduce, issues with the reporting of OpE in industry, and a lack of transparency into OpE for EDDs.Understanding and addressing these issues will be key in the future use of EDDs in nuclear power plants, but failure rate data is difficult to obtain for EDDs, and lessons learned from the use of EDDs are difficult to collect and identify.Key words: embedded digital device, smart device, operating experience, failure modes

Muhlheim, Michael↗

DOE OSTI2025

Measurement of the inclusive cross sections for W and Z boson production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{\textrm{s}}$ = 5.02 and 13 TeV

Measurements of fiducial and total inclusive cross sections for W and Z boson production are presented in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 5.02 and 13 TeV. Electron and muon decay modes (ℓ = e or μ) are studied in the data collected with the CMS detector in 2017, in dedicated runs with reduced instantaneous luminosity. The data sets correspond to integrated luminosities of 298 ± 6 pb$^{−1}$ at 5.02 TeV and 206 ± 5 pb$^{−1}$ at 13 TeV. Measured values of the products of the total inclusive cross sections and the branching fractions at 5.02 TeV are σ(pp → W + X)$ \mathcal{B} $(W → ℓν) = 7300 ± 10 (stat) ± 60 (syst) ± 140 (lumi) pb, and σ(pp → Z+X)$ \mathcal{B} $(Z → ℓ$^{+}$ℓ$^{−}$) = 669 ± 2 (stat) ± 6 (syst) ± 13 (lumi) pb for the dilepton invariant mass in the range of 60–120 GeV. The corresponding results at 13 TeV are 20480 ± 10 (stat) ± 170 (syst) ± 470 (lumi) pb and 1952 ± 4 (stat) ± 18 (syst) ± 45 (lumi) pb. The measured values agree with cross section calculations at next-to-next-to-leading-order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Fiducial and total inclusive cross sections, ratios of cross sections of W$^{+}$ and W$^{−}$ production as well as inclusive W and Z boson production, and ratios of these measurements at 5.02 and 13 TeV are reported.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2020

Internal short circuit and failure mechanisms of lithium-ion pouch cells under mechanical indentation abuse conditions: An experimental study

Electromechanical structural integrity and thermal stability dictate the safety performance of lithium-ion batteries. Progressive deformation and failure across microscopic and macroscopic lengths scales that are responsible for internal short circuit (ISC) in lithium-ion cells under mechanical abuse conditions remains elusive. In this study, a series of indentation tests were conducted on lithium-ion cells with different capacities up to the occurrence of ISC. The external response and internal configuration of these cells were investigated. It is discovered that cells with different capacities and state of charges exhibited different behaviors. Maximum temperature, which is often regarded as the most important parameter related to thermal runaway (TR), varied considerably due to the complicated contact configurations. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) showed that ISC was a collective result of shear band or other strain-localization modes in the electrode assembly, shear offsets in the granular coatings of electrodes, and the accompanying ductile fracture in the metal foils. We believe that the irregular strain-localization modes (kinks, cusps, and buckles), radical mismatches in mechanical properties of different layers, and geometric features of the indenter eventually lead to the tearing/puncture of cell separator at various locations. Furthermore, the results could provide useful guidance for the micromechanical modeling of lithium-ion cells.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

DOE OSTI2026

Status of the Measurement of Neutrino-Electron Elastic Scattering in the NOvA Near Detector

Neutrino–electron elastic scattering is a purely leptonic process with a precisely calculable Standard Model cross section, providing an \textit{in situ} constraint on accelerator neutrino flux predictions. Using data collected with the NOvA Near Detector in forward horn current mode, we perform a measurement of neutrino–electron elastic scattering and apply a flux-constraint technique based on the reconstructed electron-energy spectrum. This approach improves the precision of the predicted $\nu_\mu$ flux and enhances the accuracy of near-detector cross-section measurements. The analysis also demonstrates a practical framework for flux constraints in current and future accelerator neutrino experiments.

Xiao, Yiwen [UC, Irvine (main)] (ORCID:00000001531↗

DOE OSTI2024

Sweden surpasses the UNAIDS 95-95-95 target: estimating HIV-1 incidence, 2003 to 2022

Background: Sweden reached the UNAIDS 90–90–90 target in 2015. It is important to reassess the HIV epi- demiological situation due to ever-changing migration patterns, the roll-out of PrEP and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: We aimed to assess the pro- gress towards the UNAIDS 95–95–95 targets in Sweden by estimating the proportion of undiagnosed people with HIV (PWHIV) and HIV incidence trends. Methods: We used routine laboratory data to inform a biomarker model of time since infection. When available, we used previous negative test dates, arrival dates for PWHIV from abroad and transmission modes to inform our incidence model. We also used data collected from the Swedish InfCareHIV register on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Results: The yearly incidence of HIV in Sweden decreased after 2014. In part, this was because the fraction of undiagnosed PWHIV had decreased almost twofold since 2006. After 2015, three of four PWHIV in Sweden were diagnosed within 1.9 and 3.2 years after infection among men who have sex with men and in heterosexual groups, respectively. While 80% of new PWHIV in Sweden acquired HIV before immigration, they make up 50% of the current PWHIV in Sweden. By 2022, 96% of all PWHIV in Sweden had been diag- nosed, and 99% of them were on ART, with 98% virally suppressed. Conclusions: By 2022, about half of all PWHIV in Sweden acquired HIV abroad. Using our new biomarker model, we assess that Sweden has reached the UNAIDS goal at 96–99–98.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2024

Review of Hazards and Accidentology of an Integrated Energy Systems to Nuclear Power Plant Safety

With the interconnectivity of industrial processes in a nuclear integrated energy system (IES) the primary issue becomes the safety of the nuclear power plant (NPP). The industrial processes being supported are assumed to have been in colocation prior to the addition of an NPP. Do the hazards from each process reach beyond the perimeter of the plant to affect the NPP? This paper reviews hazards and accident statistics from processes in an IES as a first step to answer this question. Hazards and accidentology discussed cover hydrogen, ammonia, syngas, methanol, synthetic fuels, and oil refineries. They include mainly fire, explosion, and toxicity in varying degrees. Historical accident statistics are given whenever available, and accident causes are evaluated and ranked based on their frequencies. Lessons learned from previous accidents are presented. Future work will focus on utilizing the data collected for accidentology of the industrial processes to perform Failure Modes and Effects Analysis and analyze the impacts of additional hazards on the colocated existing nuclear power plant or newly built advanced nuclear reactor. The analysis will provide the frequency and consequence of external events that can affect the NPP.

08 - HYDROGEN↗

DOE OSTI2021

Collective Nanoparticle Dynamics Associated with Bridging Network Formation in Model Polymer Nanocomposites

The addition of nanoparticles (NPs) to polymers is a powerful method to improve the mechanical and other properties of macromolecular materials. Such hybrid polymer–particle systems are also rich in fundamental soft matter physics. Among several factors contributing to mechanical reinforcement, a polymer-mediated NP network is considered to be the most important in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). Here, we present an integrated experimental–theoretical study of the collective NP dynamics in model PNCs using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and microscopic statistical mechanics theory. Silica NPs dispersed in unentangled or entangled poly(2-vinylpyridine) matrices over a range of NP loadings are used. Static collective structure factors of the NP subsystems at temperatures above the bulk glass transition temperature reveal the formation of a network-like microstructure via polymer-mediated bridges at high NP loadings above the percolation threshold. The NP collective relaxation times are up to 3 orders of magnitude longer than the self-diffusion limit of isolated NPs and display a rich dependence with observation wavevector and NP loading. A mode-coupling theory dynamical analysis that incorporates the static polymer-mediated bridging structure and collective motions of NPs is performed. It captures well both the observed scattering wavevector and NP loading dependences of the collective NP dynamics in the unentangled polymer matrix, with modest quantitative deviations emerging for the entangled PNC samples. Here, we identify an unusual and weak temperature dependence of collective NP dynamics, in qualitative contrast with the mechanical response. Hence, the present study has revealed key aspects of the collective motions of NPs connected by polymer bridges in contact with a viscous adsorbing polymer medium and identifies some outstanding remaining challenges for the theoretical understanding of these complex soft materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2021

Coupled Bunch Instabilities Growth in the Fermilab Booster during Acceleration Cycle

Currently, Fermilab Booster accelerates ~4.5E12 protons per pulse (ppp) in 81 bunches from 400 MeV to 8 GeV at 15 Hz to provide beam to multiple HEP experiments and is being upgraded to handle higher beam intensity >6.7E12 ppp at a repetition rate of 20 Hz. In the current mode of operation, we control longitudinal coupled bunch instabilities (LCBI) using combination of passive and active dampers. The issues with LCBI are expected to worsen at higher beam intensities. Here, we would like to investigate at what time in the beam cycle a particular mode is going to originate and how much it contributes at a different time of the acceleration cycle using the collected wall current monitor data from injection to extraction. Also, measure growth rates as a function of beam intensity for some dominant modes. Finally, this paper presents results from the observed LCBI analysis for the highest available beam intensities, unexpected findings, and future plans to mitigate the LCBI at higher beam intensities

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2022

Laser melting modes in metal powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

In laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of metals, extreme thermal conditions create many highly dynamic physical phenomena such as vaporization and recoil, Marangoni convection, and protrusion and keyhole instability. Collectively however, the full set of phenomena is too complicated for practical applications and, in reality, the melting modes are used as a guideline for printing. With increasing local material temperature beyond the boiling point, the mode can change from conduction to keyhole. These mode designations ignore laser-matter interaction details but in many cases are adequate to determine the approximate microstructures and hence the properties of the build. To date, no consistent, common, and coherent definitions have been agreed upon because of historic limitations in melt pool and vapor depression morphology measurements. Here, we distinguish process-based definitions of different melting modes from those based on postmortem evidence. The latter are mainly derived from the transverse cross-sections of the fusion zone, whereas the former come directly from time-resolved x-ray imaging of melt pool and vapor depression morphologies. These process-based definitions are more strict and physically sound, and they offer new guidelines for laser additive manufacturing practices and create new research directions. Further, we highlight the significance of the keyhole, which substantially enhances the laser energy absorption by the melt pool. Recent studies strongly suggest that stable-keyhole laser melting enables efficient, sustainable, and robust additive manufacturing. The realization of this scenario demands the development of multiphysics models, signal translations from morphology to other feasible signals, and in-process metrology across platforms and scales.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗