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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Evaluating Impacts of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production with CO2-to-Fuels Technologies on High Renewable Share Power Grid

This paper investigates the impact of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) production using CO 2 -to-Fuels technologies on a future power grid with a high share of renewable energy. We focus on understanding the implications of the 2050 SAF production goal on the U.S. power system's long-term planning, encompassing generation, transmission, and cost analysis. Via the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model, we developed a detailed SAF electricity demand model based on a low-temperature electrolysis-syngas fermentation-ethanol pathway. Four SAF target scenarios which aim to meet 10%, 15%, 20%, and 27% of SAF demand by 2050. These scenarios are exhaustively simulated to assess their impact on the power grid. Our results reveal that increasing SAF demand will result in higher electricity requirements, as well as expanded generator and transmission capacities, leading to an overall rise in system costs. However, these impacts are manageable within the broader context of U.S. capacity expansion plans. This study provides valuable insights into incorporating the CO 2 -to-Fuels electricity demand model and other carbon capture technologies into power system planning, emphasizing their significance in shaping a sustainable energy future.

capacity expansion model↗
DOE OSTI2024

Evaluating Impacts of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production with CO2-to-Fuels Technologies on High Renewable Share Power Grids

This paper investigates the impact of Sustainable Aviation Fuel production using CO2-to-Fuels technologies on a future power grid with a high share of renewable energy. We focus on understanding the implications of the 2050 SAF production goal on the U.S. power system's long-term planning, encompassing generation, transmission, and cost analysis. Via the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model, we developed a detailed SAF electricity demand model based on a low-temperature electrolysis-syngas fermentation-ethanol pathway. Four SAF target scenarios which aims to meet 10%, 15%, 20%, and 27% of SAF demand by 2050. These scenarios are exhaustively simulated to assess their impact on the power grid. Our results reveal that increasing SAF demand will result in higher electricity requirements, as well as expanded generator and transmission capacities, leading to an overall rise in system costs. However, these impacts are manageable within the broader context of U.S. capacity expansion plans. This study provides valuable insights into incorporating the CO2-to-Fuels electricity demand model and other carbon capture technologies in power system planning, emphasizing their significance in shaping a sustainable energy future.

BIOMASS FUELS,POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS): An Open-Access Model for the North American Electricity System

The Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model is NREL’s flagship capacity expansion planning tool for the electric power sector in North America. Originally developed in 2001, ReEDS has been used primarily by NREL researchers to conduct high-profile analysis of the potential evolution of the electricity system. In September 2019, the core model is being released for public use. In this presentation, we provide an overview of the model architecture, key model features, data sources, lessons learned, and sample model results for the North American electric power system.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1987

Electrical properties of polyimides containing a near-surface deposit of silver

Films containing a surface or near-surface deposit of palladium, gold or copper metal as well as tin, cobalt, copper, or lithium oxides have been prepared by dissolving appropriate metal salts into poly(amide-acid)/N,N-dimethylacetamide solutions and curing the solvent cast films to temperatures up to 300 C. This preparation technique has been extended to evaluate the thermal, spectroscopic, and electrical characteristics of condensation polyimide films modified with silver nitrate. A near-surface deposit of metallic silver results but the reflective surface has high electrical resistivity (sheet resistivity) due to a polymer coating or overlayer above the metal. Details pertaining to the silver nitrate modified condensation polyimides are presented. Also, the applicability of the structural model and electrical model previously proposed for the cobalt oxide system are assessed.

Rancourt, J. D.↗
DOE OSTI2025

EV-ELM (Electric Vehicle Policies with the Energy Language Model) [SWR-25-156]

Electric Vehicle Policies with the Energy Language Model (EV-ELM) leverages previous work using Large Language Models (LLMs) to find, download, and parse policy information related to energy infrastructure. In this application, we use LLMs to find policy documents related to the permitting and installation of electric vehicle charging infrastructure. This software contains the code to find, download, and parse these documents, while a related data record in the Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI) will include the resulting output dataset that can be used for downstream analysis. The EV-ELM repository contains code for the EV-ELM project, which focuses on retrieving and processing EV permitting processes using large language models. The project is composed of two pipelines: (1) a web scraping pipeline for discovering and downloading EV permitting documents, and (2) a document parsing and extraction pipeline that processes the downloaded files to produce structured data. The web scraping pipeline is designed to extract relevant information from various websites, while the document parsing pipeline processes and analyzes the extracted documents to derive meaningful insights. Both pipelines depend on the NLR elm repository, which provides essential tools and functionalities for handling and processing the data. The web scraping pipeline is a modified version of the ordinance_gpt example within the elm repository. It has been adapted to fit the specific requirements of the EV-ELM project, ensuring that it effectively captures and processes the necessary information related to EV permitting.

Olson, Reid [National Laboratory of the Rockies (N↗
DOE OSTI2021

Modeling Framework for Bulk Electric Grid Impacts from HEMP E1 and E3 Effects (Tasks 3.1 Final Report)

This report presents a framework to evaluate the impact of a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) event on a bulk electric power grid. This report limits itself to modeling the impact of EMP E1 and E3 components. The co-simulation of E1 and E3 is presented in detail, and the focus of the paper is on the framework rather than actual results. This approach is highly conservative as E1 and E3 are not maximized with the same event characteristics and may only slightly overlap. The actual results shown in this report are based on a synthetic grid with synthetic data and a limited exemplary EMP model. The framework presented can be leveraged and used to analyze the impact of other threat scenarios, both manmade and natural disasters. This report d escribes a Monte-Carlo based methodology to probabilistically quantify the transient response of the power grid to a HEMP event. The approach uses multiple fundamental steps to characterize the system response to HEMP events, focused on the E1 and E3 components of the event. 1) Obtain component failure data related to HEMP events testing of components and creating component failure models. Use the component failure model to create component failure conditional probability density function (PDF) that is a function of the HEMP induced terminal voltage. 2) Model HEMP scenarios and calculate the E1 coupled voltage profiles seen by all system components. Model the same HEMP scenarios and calculate the transformer reactive power consumption profiles due to E3. 3) Sample each component failure PDF to determine which grid components will fail, due to the E1 voltage spike, for each scenario. 4) Perform dynamic simulations that incorporate the predicted component failures from E1 and reactive power consumption at each transformer affected by E3. These simulations allow for secondary transients to affect the relays/protection remaining in service which can lead to cascading outages. 5) Identify the locations and amount of load lost for each scenario through grid dynamic simulation. This can be an indication of the immediate grid impacts from a HEMP event. In addition, perform more detailed analysis to determine critical nodes and system trends. 6) To help realize the longer-term impacts, a security constrained alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) is run to maximize critical load served. This report describes a modeling framework to assess the systemic grid impacts due to a HEMP event. This stochastic simulation framework generates a large amount of data for each Monte Carlo replication, including HEMP location and characteristics, relay and component failures, E3 GIC profiles, cascading dynamics including voltage and frequency over time, and final system state. This data can then be analyzed to identify trends, e.g., unique system behavior modes or critical components whose failure is more likely to cause serious systemic effects. The proposed analysis process is demonstrated on a representative system. In order to draw realistic conclusions of the impact of a HEMP event on the grid, a significant amount of work remains with respect to modeling the impact on various grid components.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Grey Zone Test Range Social Model

The Grey Zone Test Range (GZTR) social model operates as a piece of the overall GZTR modeling effort. It works in conjunction with supply models for resources, an electric grid model for power availability, and a traffic model for road congestion, as well as a general controller framework that allows external system effects. The social model functions as an aggregate model where the entire population of the city is divided into groups based on the Transportation Analysis Zones (TAZs), a common geospatial boundary present in all GZTR models. These groups will act as a singular community; each time step the state of the system around them will be assessed and then community will come up with a general plan of action that they will attempt to follow for the day. Additionally, they will track values for their general emotional state and memory about negative impacts in the near past.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Development and Validation of an Initial Electric Motor Rotor Vibration Model

An overview of the development of a low fidelity prediction tool for electric motor rotor resonant modes and frequencies. These predictions are useful for the prediction of UAM motor noise during the design phase. Finite Element Analysis of motor rotors has led to the development of a parameterized model to predict these modes shapes. This has in turn allowed to a curve-fit based model from parametric sweeps. These curves can predict resonant frequencies and shapes for 1-5kW class motors without running a simulation.

acoustics↗
DOE OSTI2021

Electrical Submersible Pumps: A System Modeling Approach for Power Quality Analysis With Variable Frequency Drives

This article proposes a high-level engineering guide to develop an integrated system model for power quality analysis in electrical submersible pump (ESP) applications with variable frequency drives (VFDs). Such analyses are troublesome in the industry due to the complexity of these systems. In this article, simple steps to perform system integration analyses of such arrangements, including torsional analysis, are developed. A simplified VFD-ESP model suitable for coupled electrical and mechanical analysis in steady state is proposed in all their configurations of practical interest. Such a model can be easily implemented in common simulation software, significantly reducing engineering efforts for implementation and analysis. The focus of the proposed model is the prediction of ESP failures that might result from a poor power quality caused by VFDs. Analytical expressions of different types of harmonics in these systems, as well as their accurate locations in the frequency domain, including their interharmonics and common-mode harmonics, are derived for this purpose. Further, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified through offline and real-time hybrid simulation results. Finally, a comparison between simulation results obtained using the proposed model and measurements collected on a down-scale laboratory prototype is carried out to demonstrate the accuracy of the suggested modeling approach.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

An integrated transportation-power system model for a decarbonizing world

Rising demand for electricity from electric vehicles (EVs) will require new paradigms to guarantee reliable and low-cost electricity. This study couples an agent-based travel demand simulator and an electricity grid model to assess the economic costs of supplying power to meet EVs' added demand across the Chicago region. Results suggest that shifting from personal EVs to a fleet of shared, fully-automated all-electric vehicles (SAEVs) could lower per-mile emissions, congestion, and embodied vehicle and charging infrastructure emissions. Further, the results should compel policymakers to shift the cost of providing power onto commercial customers, like electric ride-hail fleets, through price-indexed electricity prices, which can shift charging to off-peak periods or away from resource-scarce hours.

Integrated modeling↗
DOE OSTI2021

Electric Water Heaters for Transactive Systems: Model Evaluations and Performance Quantification

Electric water heaters (EWHs) are opportune appliances for implementing demand-side control. EWH models serve as a fundamental step toward accurately estimating EWH flexibility potential and designing proper control strategies. Existing studies have adapted numerous modeling approaches in evaluating the potential of EWHs for a variety of grid applications. This paper presents an analytical study that evaluates the performance of state-of-art EWH models in terms of accuracy and computational complexity for adaptation in evaluation studies for the transactive system. The work proposes a transactive control strategy that optimally utilizes the thermal inertia of EWHs for providing grid services. Here, the performance of the control strategy and the impact of modeling accuracy is evaluated for device-level and feeder-level use cases using the IEEE 123 node test distribution system appropriately populated with EWHs. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the control strategy in reducing the feeder demand during peak period by 13% and also quantities the impact of using simplified modeling approaches for determining the potential of EWHs for providing grid services.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS2017

150 kW Class Solar Electric Propulsion Spacecraft Power Architecture Model

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Solar Electric Propulsion Technology Demonstration Mission in conjunction with PC Krause and Associates has created a Simulink-based power architecture model for a 50 kilo-Watt (kW) solar electric propulsion system. NASA has extended this model to investigate 150 kW solar electric propulsion systems. Increasing the power system capability from 50 kW to 150 kW better aligns with the anticipated power requirements for Mars and other deep space explorations. The high-power solar electric propulsion capability has been identified as a critical part of NASAs future beyond-low-Earth-orbit for human-crewed exploration missions. This paper presents multiple 150 kW architectures, simulation results, and a discussion of their merits.

Power Control↗
NASA NTRS2017

150 kW Class Solar Electric Propulsion Spacecraft Power Architecture Model

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Solar Electric Propulsion Technology Demonstration Mission (SEP TDM), in conjunction with PC Krause and Associates, has created a Simulink-based power architecture model for a 50 kilo-Watt (kW) solar electric propulsion system. NASA has extended this model to investigate 150 kW solar electric propulsion systems. Increasing the power capability to 150 kW is an intermediate step to the anticipated power requirements for Mars and other deep space applications. The high-power solar electric propulsion capability has been identified as a critical part of NASA’s future beyond-low-Earth-orbit for human-crewed exploration missions. This paper presents four versions of a 150 kW architecture, simulation results, and a discussion of their merits.

Power Control↗
NASA NTRS1990

Modeling of Space Station electric power system with EMTP

The authors provide an introduction to using the electromagnetic transients (EMTP) program to model aerospace power system components. A brief general overview of EMTP is presented. The modeling of the dc/dc converter unit in the space station electric power system is described as an illustration.

Tam, Kwa-Sur↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Comparison and Application of Battery Modeling Methods for Conceptual Electric Aircraft

Growing interest in design and optimization of electrified aircraft propulsion concepts prompts the need for accurate, flexible, and efficient methods to model battery systems. Presented in this paper are three battery modeling methods that have been used at NASA’s Glenn Research Center, each representing different mathematical or electrical approaches. Thévenin equivalent circuit, normalization, and curve-fitting methods are compared against battery cell test data for the X-57 Maxwell electric aircraft technology demonstrator. The methods are then applied in a simple multidisciplinary optimization context using NASA’s Six-Passenger Electric Quadrotor concept to determine their applicability and performance. The normalization method achieves the highest accuracy for steady and unsteady discharge rates with a voltage mean error percentage of 0.423% and 1.186%, respectively. Optimal quadrotor mission range between the models varies up to 0.5 nmi, identifying current battery modeling methods as a potentially significant contributor to mission analysis error. A set of relevant tools and techniques for conceptual battery modeling are identified in this paper, with conclusions made on the utility of each modeling approach for various design challenges.

power↗
NASA NTRS1983

Application of the Lienard-Wiechert solution to a lightning return stroke model

The electric and magnetic fields associated with the lightning return stroke are expressed as a convolution of the current waveform shape and the fields generated by a moving charge of amplitude one (i.e., the Lienard-Wiechert solution for a unit charge). The representation can be used to compute the fields produced by a current waveform of non-uniform velocity that propagates along a filament of arbitrary, but finite, curvature. To study numerically the effects of linear charge acceleration and channel curvature two simple channel models are used: the linear and the hyperbolic.

Meneghini, R.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Application of the Lienard-Wiechert solution to a lightning return stroke model

The electric and magnetic fields associated with the lightning return stroke are expressed as a convolution of the current waveform shape and the fields generated by a moving charge of amplitude one (i.e., the Lienard-Wiechert solution for a unit charge). The representation can be used to compute the fields produced by a current waveform of non-uniform velocity that propagates along a filament of arbitrary, but finite, curvature. To study numerically the effects of linear charge acceleration and channel curvature two simple channel models are used: the linear and the hyperbolic.

Meneghini, R.↗