A MINIMUM FUEL VERTICAL TOUCHDOWN LUNAR LANDING GUIDANCE TECHNIQUE
Modified proportional navigation guidance /mpn/ technique allows simplified, automatic, pinpoint lunar landing with minimum fuel expenditure
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Modified proportional navigation guidance /mpn/ technique allows simplified, automatic, pinpoint lunar landing with minimum fuel expenditure
Economics - correlation between federal and state expenditures with emphasis on defense program
Information on economic impact of defense and space expenditures
Room temperature gaseous hydrogen mixed with liquified hydrogen in a venturi produces a two- phased liquid hydrogen stream at a stable temperature. This technique is useful in laboratory testing where presently, temperature control is maintained by a calibrated heat leak that results in considerable expenditure of cryogenic refrigerants.
Energy expenditure in space suits studied for controlled cooling during high work rates
Income redistribution after changes in level or composition of federal government expenditures
Human locomotion energy expenditure, conversion and conservation, discussing body activities integration for most efficient speed
Monte Carlo methods for conditional expectation for nonlinear dynamic systems with acceptable computing time expenditure
Open loop suboptimal control for linear time dependent tradeoff between energy expenditure and probability of target set entry
Human locomotion analysis, measuring metabolic expenditure and mechanical energy levels of principal body segments during walking
Communications system maintains phase lock of weak telemetry signals with a minimal expenditure of power and bandwidth. An estimate of the frequency variation as a function of time is used to achieve coherent phase demodulation.
Economic and social benefits from weather forecasting developments, noting expenditures on satellites and high speed computers
Decelerating effect of atmospheric drag assures minimum fuel consumption and time expenditure during braking for soft landing.
A space vehicle in an orbit around a spherical planet is considered. It is proposed to bring the vehicle, by a series of orbital maneuvers, into a final orbit. It is sought to minimize the total characteristic velocity for the maneuver. Since for a high-thrust propulsion system the characteristic velocity provides a direct measure of the fuel consumption, the optimal trajectory considered yields the minimum fuel expenditure. It is assumed that the planet is surrounded by a spherical atmosphere.
By means of simple geometric construction compact expressions for the maximum and minimum eclipse durations of a circular orbit, whose semimajor axis and inclination are specified, can be obtained. The method outlined in this note provides the designer with the necessary envelope of eclipse durations that a spacecraft will experience throughout its lifetime, and, therefore, provides a quick method of estimating necessary thermal constraints. Moreover, the closed form method presented eliminates the need for extensive machine time expenditure previously required for this type of analysis. Some numerical data to aid in the design of the spacecraft is provided.
The oxygen system cleaning specifications drawn from 23 industrial and government sources are presented along with cleaning processes employed for meeting these specifications, and recommended postcleaning inspection procedures for establishing the cleanliness achieved. Areas of agreement and difference in the specifications, procedures, and inspection are examined. Also, the lack of clarity or specificity will be discussed. This absence of clarity represents potential safety hazards due to misinterpretation. It can result in exorbitant expenditures of time and money in satisfying unnecessary requirements.
The analyses and rationale used to develop requirements for the oxygen-hydrogen auxiliary propulsion systems to be used with the space shuttle are presented. The requirements apply to a fully reusable space shuttle vehicle system using internal, reusable main engine propellant tanks in both the orbiter and booster stages. Requirements of principal interest are engine thrust, number of engines, maximum system thrust, total impulse, and total impulse expenditure history.
An economic analysis of space tug operations is presented. The subjects discussed are: (1) cost uncertainties, (2) scenario analysis, (3) economic sensitivities, (4) mixed integer programming formulation of the space tug problem, and (5) critical parameters in the evaluation of a public expenditure.