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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1994

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiment and Bell inequality violation using Type 2 parametric down conversion

We report a new two-photon polarization correlation experiment for realizing the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm (EPRB) state and for testing Bell-type inequalities. We use the pair of orthogonally-polarized light quanta generated in Type 2 parametric down conversion. Using 1 nm interference filters in front of our detectors, we observe from the output of a 0.5mm beta - BaB2O4 (BBO) crystal the EPRB correlations in coincidence counts, and measure an associated Bell inequality violation of 22 standard deviations. The quantum state of the photon pair is a polarization analog of the spin-1/2 singlet state.

Kiess, Thomas E.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Improved Bounds on Violation of the Strong Equivalence Principle

I describe a unique, 20-year-long timing program for the binary pulsar B0655+64, the stalwart control experiment for measurements of gravitational radiation damping in relativistic neutron-star binaries. Observed limits on evolution of the B0655+64 orbit provide new bounds on the existence of dipolar gravitational radiation, and hence on violation of the Strong Equivalence Principle.

Arzoumanian, Z.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Bound on Lorentz and CPT Violating Boost Effects for the Neutron

A search for a sidereal annual variation in the frequency difference between co-located Xe-129 and He-3 Zeeman masers sets a limit of approximately 10(exp -27) GeV on the coupling of the neutron to the time component of a possible background Lorentz and CPT violating tensor field.

Walsworth, Ronald↗
NASA NTRS2013

Constraints on Lorentz Invariance Violation from Fermi -Large Area Telescope Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts

We analyze the MeV/GeV emission from four bright Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) observed by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope to produce robust, stringent constraints on a dependence of the speed of light in vacuo on the photon energy (vacuum dispersion), a form of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) allowed by some Quantum Gravity (QG) theories. First, we use three different and complementary techniques to constrain the total degree of dispersion observed in the data. Additionally, using a maximally conservative set of assumptions on possible source-intrinsic spectral-evolution effects, we constrain any vacuum dispersion solely attributed to LIV. We then derive limits on the "QG energy scale" (the energy scale that LIV-inducing QG effects become important, E(sub QG)) and the coefficients of the Standard Model Extension. For the subluminal case (where high energy photons propagate more slowly than lower energy photons) and without taking into account any source-intrinsic dispersion, our most stringent limits (at 95% CL) are obtained from GRB 090510 and are E(sub QG,1) > 7.6 times the Planck energy (E(sub Pl)) and E(sub QG,2) > 1.3×10(exp 11) GeV for linear and quadratic leading order LIV-induced vacuum dispersion, respectively. These limits improve the latest constraints by Fermi and H.E.S.S. by a factor of approx. 2. Our results disfavor any class of models requiring E(sub QG,1) < or approx. E(sub Pl)

Planck↗
NASA NTRS2018

A Geofence Violation Prevention Mechanism for Small UAS

The ability to safely confine the trajectories of small UAS to a specific geographical area is a key enabler for capabilities that require operating in close proximity to populated areas as well as other users of the airspace. These capabilities require highly reliable geofencing algorithms. In particular, these algorithms must promptly alert imminent breaches of keep-in/keep-out geofences by considering factors such as the vehicle speed and uncertainties in the state of the aircraft. This paper presents a novel approach to the prevention of geofence boundary violation based on closure rate constraints. These constraints are incorporated into a control framework to effectively prevent fence breaches. Simulation results illustrating an example use case of this framework are presented.

Balachandran, Swee↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Minimum-Violation Traffic Management for Urban Air Mobility

Urban air mobility (UAM) refers to air transportation services in and over an urban area and has the potential to revolutionize mobility solutions. However, due to the projected scale of operations, current air traffic management (ATM) techniques are not viable. Increasingly autonomous systems are a pathway to accelerate the realization of UAM operations but must be fielded safely and efficiently. The heavily regulated, safety critical nature of aviation may lead to multiple, competing safety constraints that can be traded off based on the operational context. In this paper, we design a framework which allows for the scalable planning of a UAM ATM system. We formalize safety oriented constraints derived from FAA regulations by encoding them as temporal logic formulae. We then propose a method for UAM ATM that is both scalable and minimally violates the temporal logic constraints. Numerical results show that the runtime for our proposed algorithm is suitable for very large problems and is backed by theoretical guarantees of correctness with respect to given temporal logic constraints.

Urban Air Mobility↗
DOE OSTI2021

Developing Low Noise, Rad-hard Detectors for Parity Violating Experiments

As parity-violating electron scattering (PVeS) experiments continue to push the frontiers of precision electro-weak asymmetry measurements, the demands on the experimental techniques and apparatus are also pushed. In particular, the need for higher resolution and radiation-hardness of the main integrating detectors has increased over the successive generations of PVeS experiments. The demand for precise measurement of GHz event rates has pushed the field toward the use of thin quartz Cerenkov light based detectors. We have been designing and testing such thin quartz detectors specifically for the upcoming experiments at Jefferson Lab, PREX-II and CREX, but this work also greatly influences the detector development for several future experiments including MOLLER at Jefferson Lab. These are all PVeS experiments that will use the new thin quartz Cerenkov detector design concept for their main asymmetry measurements (as well as for beam monitoring). The new design concept gives not only significant performance improvements compared to its predecessor from PREX-I, but also we have now thoroughly characterized its operational design and performance using a combination of test-beam data and detailed particle and optical Monte Carlo Geant4 simulations. These activities have culminated in the development and implementation of a "bench-marked" Monte Carlo package, QSIM, which constitutes a powerful design tool for present and future PVeS quartz detectors. The benchmarked simulation can replicate real photoelectron distributions (RMS and Mean) from testbeam data with ~5% precision – limited mainly by the systematic uncertainty of the PMT gain measurements.

Villarreal, Carlos Bula Villarreal↗
DOE OSTI2023

Thermal Constraint Violations as a Result of Ambient Adjusted Transmission Line Ratings

Ambient Adjusted Ratings allow transmission line current ratings to be increased above static ratings while requiring minimal weather monitoring. However, Ambient Adjusted Ratings are still contingent on static parameters that may not match real world conditions. This poster examines how simulation methods can estimate the extent to which using Ambient Adjusted Ratings could result in the violation of a transmission line's thermal constraints.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Charge Symmetry Violation Quark Distributions Via Precise Measurement of p+/p- Rations in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering

Charge symmetry in the nucleon parton distributions assumes the distribution of quarks in the proton is related to those in the neutron. Indirect experimental evidence constrains Charge Symmetry Violation (CSV) to be less than 9%. In Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (QCD), charge symmetry is broken by the mass difference between the up and down quarks. CSV in the valence region can be extracted from precision measurements of the cross section ratio of charged pion production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) from deuterium. Such measurements were proposed and carried out in experiment E12-09-002 at Jefferson Lab. The experiment was conducted in Hall C from fall 2018 to spring 2019 using the upgraded 10.6 GeV incident electron beam. In this SIDIS experiment, charged pions are detected in coincidence with scattered electrons covering the four-momentum transfer of the virtual photon Q2 from 4 to 5.5 GeV2, the Bjorken variable x for 0.35-0.65, and the fraction of energy transfer carried by the outgoing pion z from 0.4-0.7.

Jia, Shuo↗
DOE OSTI2024

NOvA Constraints on CP-Violating Non-Standard Interactions

This poster shows the results of work of search for charge-parity (CP) symmetry violating non-standard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos with matter using the NOvA Experiment, and examines their effects on the determination of the standard oscillation parameters.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

A study of charge symmetry violation in fragmentation functions extracted from semi-inclusive electroproduction of charged pions from protons and deuterons

We have measured the flavor dependence of multiplicities for ?+ and ?? production in semi- inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) on proton and deuteron targets. We used a 10.6 GeV electron beam at Jefferson Lab, and 4 msr solid angle spectrometers (HMS for electrons, SHMS for pions), the lepton vertex spanned the kinematic range 0.3 < ? < 0.6, 2 < ?2 < 5 GeV2, and 4 < ?2 < 11 GeV2. The pion fractional momentum range was 0.3 < ? < 0.7 and the small transverse momentum range was 0 < ?? < 0.25 GeV. We used the multiplicities to form sum-and- difference ratios, testing the validity of factorization. We extracted two favored and two unfavored flavor-dependent fragmentation functions (FFs) using these multiplicities. Assuming factorization at low ?? , we find that these two FFs allow for isospin breaking (charge symmetry violation) at low ?, while converging to a common flavor independent value at the highest ? of this experiment, where the factorization is most applicable.

Bhatt, Hem↗
DOE OSTI2023

Search for CP violation in t$\overline{\textrm{t}}$H and tH production in multilepton channels in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

The charge-parity (CP) structure of the Yukawa interaction between the Higgs (H) boson and the top quark is measured in a data sample enriched in the t$\overline{t}$H and tH associated production, using 138 fb -1 of data collected in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. The study targets events where the H boson decays via H → WW or H → ττ and the top quarks decay via t → Wb: the W bosons decay either leptonically or hadronically, and final states characterized by the presence of at least two leptons are studied. Machine learning techniques are applied to these final states to enhance the separation of CP -even from CP -odd scenarios. Two-dimensional confidence regions are set on $κ$ t and $\widetilde{k}$t, which are respectively defined as the CP -even and CP -odd top-Higgs Yukawa coupling modifiers. No significant fractional CP -odd contributions, parameterized by the quantity |$f^{Htt}_{CP}$| are observed; the parameter is determined to be |$f^{Htt}_{CP}$| = 0.59 with an interval of (0.24, 0.81) at 68% confidence level. The results are combined with previous results covering the H → ZZ and H → γγ decay modes, yielding two- and one-dimensional confidence regions on $κ$ t and $\widetilde{k}$t, while |$f^{Htt}_{CP}$| is determined to be |$f^{Htt}_{CP}$| = 0.28 with an interval of |$f^{Htt}_{CP}$| < 0.55 at 68% confidence level, in agreement with the standard model CP -even prediction of |$f^{Htt}_{CP}$| = 0.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗