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At least 307 records · Page 17

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NASA NTRS1981

Analytic study of orbiter landing profiles

A broad survey of possible orbiter landing configurations was made with specific goals of defining boundaries for the landing task. The results suggest that the center of the corridors between marginal and routine represents a more or less optimal preflare condition for regular operations. Various constraints used to define the boundaries are based largely on qualitative judgements from earlier flight experience with the X-15 and lifting body research aircraft. The results should serve as useful background for expanding and validating landing simulation programs. The analytic approach offers a particular advantage in identifying trends due to the systematic variation of factors such as vehicle weight, load factor, approach speed, and aim point. Limitations such as a constant load factor during the flare and using a fixed gear deployment time interval, can be removed by increasing the flexibility of the computer program. This analytic definition of landing profiles of the orbiter may suggest additional studies, includin more configurations or more comparisons of landing profiles within and beyond the corridor boundaries.

Walker, H. J.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Analytical study of twin-jet shielding

Progress in the refinement and evaluation of an analytical jet shielding model are summarized. The model consists of a point noise source impinging on a cylinder of heated flow in which the temperature and velocity are uniform across the cross section of the jet. The shielding jet is infinite in extent along the jet axis and the radius of the jet is constant. The analytical model was compared to experimental data for a point noise source impinging on an ambient temperature, subsonic jet and on a subsonic simulated hot jet using helium as the flow medium. Results of these comparisons are discussed.

Gerhold, C. H.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Analytical study of twin-jet shielding

Development of jet noise source model, and comparison to experiments with a point noise source are summarized. The refinement of the noise source is expected to resolve discrepancies noted between previous analytical results with a point noise source model and experimental results for twin-jet shielding. Comparison of the analytical model with experimental program which include shielding of a point noise source by a jet and twin jet shielding are also made. The comparisons should serve to define more completely the mechanisms of shielding

Gerhold, C. H.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Analytic optical potentials for nucleon-nucleus nucleus-nucleus collisions involving light and medium nuclei

Utilizing an optical model potential approximation to the exact nucleus-nucleus multiple-scattering series, optical potentials for nucleon-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions are analytically derived. These expressions are applicable to light and medium cosmic ray nuclei as their single-particle density distributions are analytically determined, without approximation, from their actual harmonic well charge density distributions. Pauli correlation effects are included through the use of a simple Gaussian function to replace the usual expression obtained in the infinite nuclear matter approximation.

Bidasaria, H. B.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Comparison of analytical predictions of longitudinal short period pilot-induced oscillations with results from a simulation study of the space shuttle orbiter

An analytical analysis of conditions producing pilot induced oscillations (PIO's) was made for the space shuttle orbiter in a landing approach configuration for the task of milling the elevation angle of the line of sight to a target vehicle. The analysis yielded a value of PIO frequency and a value for the amount of total system time delay (pilot + control system) that can be tolerated before instability results. Calculations were performed showing the effect of varying the range to the target and of varying the handling qualities of the orbiter vehicle. Analytical predictions were compared with simulation results obtained using a visual motion simulator.

Riley, D. R.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Experimental and analytical results of tangential blowing applied to a subsonic V/STOL inlet

Engine inlets for subsonic V/STOL aircraft must operate over a wide range of conditions without internal flow separation. Experimental and analytical investigations were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of tangential blowing to maintain attached flow to high angles of attack. The inlet had a relatively thin lip with a blowing slot located either on the lip or in the diffuser. The height and width of these slots was varied. Experimentally determined flow separation boundaries showed that lip blowing achieved higher angle of attack capability than diffuser blowing. This capability was achieved with the largest slot circumferential extent and either of the two slot heights. Predicted (analytical) separation boundaries showed good agreement except at the highest angles of attack.

Burley, R. R.↗

NASA NTRS1982

An analytical procedure for computing smooth transitions between two specified cross sections with applications to blended wing body configuration

An analytical procedure is described for designing smooth transition surfaces for blended wing-body configurations. Starting from two specified cross section shapes, the procedure generates a gradual transition from one cross section shape to the other as an analytic blend of the two shapes. The method utilizes a conformal mapping, with subsequent translation and scaling, to transform the specified and shapes to curves that can be combined more smoothly. A sample calculation is applied to a blended wing-body missile type configuration with a top mounted inlet.

Barger, R. L.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Analytical and simulator study of advanced transport

An analytic methodology, based on the optimal-control pilot model, was demonstrated for assessing longitidunal-axis handling qualities of transport aircraft in final approach. Calibration of the methodology is largely in terms of closed-loop performance requirements, rather than specific vehicle response characteristics, and is based on a combination of published criteria, pilot preferences, physical limitations, and engineering judgment. Six longitudinal-axis approach configurations were studied covering a range of handling qualities problems, including the presence of flexible aircraft modes. The analytical procedure was used to obtain predictions of Cooper-Harper ratings, a solar quadratic performance index, and rms excursions of important system variables.

Levison, W. H.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Analytical and experimental evaluations of Space Shuttle TPS tile vibration response

Analytical studies and laboratory experiments have been performed to evaluate the vibration response of the Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) tiles due to the intense rocket generated acoustic noise during lift-off. The TPS tiles are mounted over the exterior of the Space Shuttle Orbiter structure through Strain Isolation Pads (SIP) which protect the tiles from thermal induced shear loads at their interface. The analytical predictions indicate that the response of a typical tile is governed by the structural vibration inputs through the SIP under the tile at frequencies below 250 Hz, and by the direct acoustic excitation over the exterior surface of the tile at frequencies above 250 Hz. An evaluation of the laboratory test data for this same tile, in which conditioned (partial) coherent output spectral analysis procedures were used, leads to exactly the same conclusion. The results demonstrate the power of conditioned spectral analysis procedures in identifying vibration response mechanisms when two or more of the inputs are highly correlated.

Piersol, A. G.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Analytical solution for the drift behavior of Dynamics Explorer-B

The Dynamics Explorer (DE) mission was designed to explore the earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and plasmasphere. The DE mission employs two spacecraft, including DE-A and DE-B. The spacecraft were launched from the Western Test Range on Aug. 3, 1981, onboard the same Delta launch vehicle. The two spacecraft were placed in a coplanar polar orbit, with DE-A in a high altitude orbit (perigee = 570 km and apogee = 23174 km) and DE-B in a low altitude orbit (perigee = 309 km and apogee = 1013 km). In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to validate the flight data for DE-B with analytic and simulation results. The external torques acting on the spacecraft are represented in terms of tractable mathematical functions. A piecewise linear model of the superrotation of the upper atmosphere is assumed. The effect of individual torques on the long-term pitch axis motion is investigated using analytic and simulation methods. The results are found to be in very good agreement with the available flight data.

Sellappan, R. G.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Analytical procedures for flutter model development and checkout in preparation for wind tunnel testing of the DAST ARW-1 wing

A study to develop analytical procedures to be used in the checkout and calibration of a flutter wind tunnel model of the DAST ARW-1 wing equipped with a flutter suppression device is reported. The methods used to obtain a realistic simulation of the structural inertial and aerodynamic properties of the wing, the hydro-electro-servo actuator used for flutter suppression, a prediction of the open loop flutter speed at a fixed Mach number (.897), a procedure for checkout and calibration using the method frequency response of a wing mounted accelerometer, and an analytical representation of a reduced state approximation of the overall system are described.

Pines, S.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Analytical and Experimental Evaluation of the Heat Transfer Distribution over the Surfaces of Turbine Vanes

Three airfoil data sets were selected for use in evaluating currently available analytical models for predicting airfoil surface heat transfer distributions in a 2-D flow field. Two additional airfoils, representative of highly loaded, low solidity airfoils currently being designed, were selected for cascade testing at simulated engine conditions. Some 2-D analytical methods were examined and a version of the STAN5 boundary layer code was chosen for modification. The final form of the method utilized a time dependent, transonic inviscid cascade code coupled to a modified version of the STAN5 boundary layer code featuring zero order turbulence modeling. The boundary layer code is structured to accommodate a full spectrum of empirical correlations addressing the coupled influences of pressure gradient, airfoil curvature, and free-stream turbulence on airfoil surface heat transfer distribution and boundary layer transitional behavior. Comparison of pedictions made with the model to the data base indicates a significant improvement in predictive capability.

Hylton, L. D.↗

NASA NTRS1983

On the analytical modeling of the nonlinear vibrations of pretensioned space structures

Pretensioned structures are receiving considerable attention as candidate large space structures. A typical example is a hoop-column antenna. The large number of preloaded members requires efficient analytical methods for concept validation and design. Validation through analyses is especially important since ground testing may be limited due to gravity effects and structural size. The present investigation has the objective to present an examination of the analytical modeling of pretensioned members undergoing nonlinear vibrations. Two approximate nonlinear analysis are developed to model general structural arrangements which include beam-columns and pretensioned cables attached to a common nucleus, such as may occur at a joint of a pretensioned structure. Attention is given to structures undergoing nonlinear steady-state oscillations due to sinusoidal excitation forces. Three analyses, linear, quasi-linear, and nonlinear are conducted and applied to study the response of a relatively simple cable stiffened structure.

Housner, J. M.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Analytical and Numerical Solution for a Solidifying Liquid Alloy Slab

Numerical and analytical solutions are presented for the temperature and concentration distributions during the solidification of a binary liquid alloy slab. The slab is taken to be of a finite depth but infinite in the horizontal direction. The solidification process is started by withdrawing a fixed amount of heat from the lower surface of the slab. The upper surface of the slab is subjected to both radiation and convective conditions. The solution gives the concentration and temperature profiles and the interface position as a function of time. Due to the smallness of the mass diffusion coefficient in the solid, the numerical solution method breaks down whenever the ratio of the diffusivities in the solid and the liquid falls below a certain value. An analytical method is developed which gives accurate solution for any value of the diffusivity ratio.

Antar, B. N.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Analytical Study of Blowing Boundary-Layer Control for Subsonic V/STOL Inlets

The analytical methods used to study blowing boundary-layer control (BLC) for subsonic V/STOL inlets are described. The methods are then shown to give good agreement with experimental results, both with and without blowing BLC. Finally, because of this good agreement, the methods were used to determine analytically the optimum (minimum blowing power required) location and height for a blowing slot within a subsonic V/STOL inlet.

Hwang, D. P.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Analytical and experimental investigation of stator endwall countouring in a small axial-flow turbine

An experimental and analytical investigation was conducted to determine the effect of stator endwall contouring on turbine stage performance. In this investigation three stator configurations were evaluated using a common rotor. The three stator configurations were a cylindrical endwall design and two contoured endwall designs, one having a S-shaped outer wall profile and the other having a conical-shaped outer wall profile. Experimental data were obtained over a range of equivalent speeds, total pressure ratios, and rotor tip clearances for each stator-rotor combination. Detailed analytical loss assessments were conducted to aid in the determination of the contouring effect on turbine performance.

Haas, J. E.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Empirical testing of an analytical model predicting electrical isolation of photovoltaic models

A major design requirement for photovoltaic modules is that the encapsulation system be capable of withstanding large DC potentials without electrical breakdown. Presented is a simple analytical model which can be used to estimate material thickness to meet this requirement for a candidate encapsulation system or to predict the breakdown voltage of an existing module design. A series of electrical tests to verify the model are described in detail. The results of these verification tests confirmed the utility of the analytical model for preliminary design of photovoltaic modules.

Garcia, A., III↗

NASA NTRS1984

System identification of analytical models of damped structures

A procedure is presented for identifying linear nonproportionally damped system. The system damping is assumed to be representable by a real symmetric matrix. Analytical mass, stiffness and damping matrices which constitute an approximate representation of the system are assumed to be available. Given also are an incomplete set of measured natural frequencies, damping ratios and complex mode shapes of the structure, normally obtained from test data. A method is developed to find the smallest changes in the analytical model so that the improved model can exactly predict the measured modal parameters. The present method uses the orthogonality relationship to improve mass and damping matrices and the dynamic equation to find the improved stiffness matrix.

Fuh, J.-S.↗