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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2022

Large Area Projection Sintering Technology Development (CRADA Final Report)

This CRADA was formed through support of the Innovation Crossroads program, which has been an invaluable experience for Ascend Manufacturing and our additive manufacturing technology. Without Innovation Crossroads, the research, capital and operational requirements to develop our company would have been too high and Ascend Manufacturing simply would not exist. Our patented and federally funded technology would have gone to waste. Through this CRADA, Ascend has been able to collaborate with the worlds experts in additive manufacturing to assist in developing our state of the art technology. This project assisted in developing a fully scalable 3D printing process, developed an industrial and pilot system design, assisted in the fabrication of a pilot system, allowing us to print components with materials impossible by any other 3D printing process. This work has allowed us to achieve significant follow-on funding to fully commercialize this highly capable manufacturing technology.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Artificial Intelligence for Digital Security and Protections

Proper functioning of nuclear power plants relies on a mix of well-regulated human and machine-driven workflows. This regulation supports nuclear safety through a series of processes and many of the tasks that support these processes have a repetitive nature that make artificial intelligence (AI) informed by machine learning (ML) a potential aid in a variety of tasks. AI is being evaluated for activities that include inspections, fuel processing, monitoring, and other activities. The introduction of any new technology presents a potential new attack vector. In the case of AI/ML, there are many attacks that have already been discovered and over time the attacks can be expected to follow the growth pattern observed in cyber security. While future planning is necessary, current efforts need to be established now to predict the threat emergence over the next year 10 years and mitigate potential threats. Based on these observations, AI/ML will need to become trustworthy, which corresponds to techniques and procedures that emphasize AI explainability along with resilience techniques to data, algorithms, models, and systems. This kind of system robustness is the foundation for defenses against AI/ML-specific attacks. Attempting to look forward and take a broad view of capabilities provides input to research roadmaps and the ability to distill vulnerabilities into specific use cases may provide greater assistance in understanding the technology benefits while introducing new risks. The impact of current and future AI in three areas—capabilities, challenges, and recovery strategies—represents an initial attempt at balancing both.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗

DOE OSTI2020

GeoRePORT Case Study Examples: Reporting Using the Geothermal Resource Portfolio Optimization and Reporting Technique (GeoRePORT)

The Geothermal Research Portfolio Optimization & Reporting Technique (GeoRePORT) was developed with funding from the United States Department of Energy's Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO) to assist in identifying and pursuing long-term investment strategies through the development of a resource reporting protocol. GeoRePORT provides scientists and non-scientists a comprehensive and quantitative means of reporting: (1) features intrinsic to geothermal sites (project grade) and, (2) maturity of the development (project readiness). Because geothermal feasibility is not determined by any single factor (e.g. temperature, permeability, permitting), a site's project grade and readiness are evaluated on twelve independent attributes pertaining to geological, technical, or socio-economic feasibility. In this paper, we present case studies illustrating how GeoRePORT can be used to compare geological, technical, and socio-economic attributes between geothermal systems. The consistent and objective assessment protocols used in GeoRePORT allow for comparison of project attributes across unique locations and geological settings. GeoRePORT case studies outline the geological, socio-economic and technical features of four individual geothermal sites: Coso, Chena, Dixie Valley, and White Sands Missile Range. The case studies presented herein illustrate the usefulness of GeoRePORT in evaluating project risk/return, identifying gaps in reported data, evaluating R&D impact, and gathering insights on successes/failures as applicable to future projects.

40 EE - Geothermal Technologies Office (EE-4G)↗

NASA NTRS1986

Data Management Working Group report

The current flight qualification program lags technology insertion by 6 to 10 years. The objective is to develop an integrated software engineering and development environment assisted by an expert system technology. An operating system needs to be developed which is portable to the on-board computers of the year 2000. The use of ADA verses a High-Order Language; fault tolerance; fiber optics networks; communication protocols; and security are also examined and outlined.

Filardo, Edward J.↗

DOE OSTI2023

The onset of selective laser flash sintering in undoped and doped lanthanum chromite

Previous studies have shown that selective laser flash sintering (SLFS) can be initiated in dielectrics that exhibit ionic or electronic conduction at high temperature. These materials required high laser powers to reach the temperatures where electrical conduction is sufficient to initiate SLFS. In this study, SLFS in lanthanum chromite (LC), an intrinsic electronic conductor with high conductivity, and lanthanum strontium chromite (LSC), which is doped to further increase electronic conductivity, were investigated with a focus on understanding the initiation mechanisms. Results show that the initiation of SLFS in LC and LSC occurs when electronic charge carriers are activated and flow to the electrode where the current is measured. A combination of carriers produced at the electrode, temperature-activated intrinsic charge carriers, and extrinsic charge carriers present in LSC due to doping are responsible for the facile initiation of SLFS.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2024

Abstract for CRADA between Mati Car bon PBC and NETL

The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) will assist Mati Carbon PBC (participant) in the design and execution of their community benefits plan (CBP) for scaling Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW) carbon dioxide removal (CDR) in Arkansas. ERW involves spreading finely crushed rocks in agricultural fields to speed up the dissolution and release of certain minerals that amend soil acidity, replenish soil nutrients, and simultaneously converting CO 2 from the atmosphere to Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC). ERW not only removes CO 2 from the atmosphere but also has the potential to generate co-benefits for famers through cost reductions and increased crop yields. The collaboration between NETL and Mati Carbon, PBC (participant) will entail a detailed review of the economic, environmental and community impact of ERW in agricultural settings. This review will guide all project related decisions. It will provide a better understanding of the scale of these potential co-benefits and quantify community needs that ERW can address.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2025

Stepped hosting capacity for maximizing distributed solar on Guam

Guam Power Authority (GPA) sought national lab assistance through the Energy Technology Innovations Partnership Project as part of the second cohort of applicants (i.e. the program’s second year). GPA is leading an effort to evolve the island’s energy generation portfolio to 50% renewable by 2030, and 100% renewable by 2040. These goals for renewable penetration are a function of public law and GPA is legally required to comply, though GPA’s timeline is more aggressive by five years in each case than the law requires.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

NASA NTRS1974

Remote sensing in Michigan for land resource management

The application of NASA earth resource survey technology to resource management and environmental protection in Michigan was investigated. Remote sensing techniques to aid Michigan government agencies were applied in the following activities: (1) land use inventory and management, (2) great lakes shorelands protection and management, (3) wetlands protection and management, and (4) soil survey. In addition, information was disseminated on remote sensing technology, and advice and assistance was provided to a number of users.

Lowe, D. S.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Technology assessment of future intercity passenger transporation systems. Volume 1: Summary report

Technical, economic, environmental, and sociopolitical issues associated with future intercity transportation system options were assured. Technology assessment was used as a tool to assist in the identification of basic research and technology development tasks that should be undertaken. The emphasis was on domestic passenger transportation, but interfaces with freight and international transportation were considered.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1976

STARPAHC - Operational findings

Delivery of quality health care to passengers of extended-mission spacecraft and to remote populations on earth (a major national problem) requires extending the knowledge and skills of the physician many kilometers distant from his physical location. The STARPAHC telemedicine system accomplishes this by using physician's assistants complemented with space technology in communications, data handling, and systems engineering. It is presently in operation and undergoing a 2-year evaluation on the Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona. Results have established its feasibility as a solution for remote area health care on earth, while providing information useful to the planners of advanced manned spacecraft missions.

Belasco, N.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Plasma deposition and surface modification techniques for wear resistance

The ion-assisted or plasma coating technology is discussed as it applies to the deposition of hard, wear resistant refractory compound films. Of the many sputtering and ion plating modes and configurations the reactive magnetron sputtering and the reactive triode ion plating techniques are the preferred ones to deposit wear resistant coatings for tribological applications. Both of these techniques incorporate additional means to enhance the ionization efficiency and chemical reaction to precision tailor desirable tribological characteristics. Interrelationships between film formation, structure, and ribological properties are strictly controlled by the deposition parameters and the substrate condition. The enhanced ionization contributes to the excellent adherence and coherence, reduced internal stresses and improved structural growth to form dense, cohesive, equiaxed grain structure for improved wear resistance and control.

Spalvins, T.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Report of the In Situ Resources Utilization Workshop

The results of a workshop of 50 representatives from the public and private sector which investigated the potential joint development of the key technologies and mechanisms that will enable the permanent habitation of space are presented. The workshop is an initial step to develop a joint public/private assessment of new technology requirements of future space options, to share knowledge on required technologies that may exist in the private sector, and to investigate potential joint technology development opportunities. The majority of the material was produced in 5 working groups: (1) Construction, Assembly, Automation and Robotics; (2) Prospecting, Mining, and Surface Transportation; (3) Biosystems and Life Support; (4) Materials Processing; and (5) Innovative Ventures. In addition to the results of the working groups, preliminary technology development recommendations to assist in near-term development priority decisions are presented. Finally, steps are outlined for potential new future activities and relationships among the public, private, and academic sectors.

Fairchild, Kyle↗

NASA NTRS1991

The NASA Lewis Research Center electric propulsion program

The Lewis Research Center conducts an electric propulsion program aimed at a broad class of space missions. The program is structured in an evolutionary fashion in order to both maximize expectations for the acceptance of developed concepts and accommodate anticipated developments of critical system technologies. Recent efforts have assisted in the acceptance of low power electric rockets. Primary electric propulsion concepts are also being developed for both Solar Electric Propulsion Systems and Nuclear Electric Propulsion Systems class space missions, and the paper briefly describes the concepts under evaluation for potential Space Exploration Initiative missions.

Byers, David C.↗

NASA NTRS1995

Spray combustion stability

The central purpose of this project is the improvement of liquid-fueled rocket motor design technology in order to assist the establishment of economical commercial access to space through the development of engines with enhanced performance and reliability. Specific research effort in the project is focused on spray physics and associated combustion instability phenomena. Results garnered from this work will contribute to the development of new computational tools for design of stable liquid propellant rocket engines. The specific objectives of the research effort include identifying and evaluating physical submodels which pertain to spray combustion stability with the idea of enhancing or refining existing submodels with a more comprehensive approach. In particular, any refinements to the spray combustion physical submodels which are achieved during the project will be channeled back to Rocketdyne for incorporation in their ARICC liquid rocket combustor code as second generation improvements. Also, as the ARICC code forms the basis or future CFD development, some effort is devoted to an evaluation of the code's capability for modeling oscillating pressure waves within the combustor.

Liang, Pak-Yan↗

NASA NTRS1989

Spray combustion stability

Liang, Pak-Yan↗

NASA NTRS2003

Porous cobalt spheres for high temperature gradient magnetically assisted fluidized beds

Porous metallic cobalt spheres have been prepared as high temperature capable media for employment in gradient magnetically assisted fluidization and filtration technologies. Cobalt impregnated alginate beads are first formed by extrusion of an aqueous suspension of Co3O4 into a Co(II) chloride solution. The organic polymer is thermally decomposed yielding cobalt oxide spheres, followed by reduction to the metallic state, and densification. Cobalt beads have been produced with porosities ranging between 10 and 50%, depending upon sintering conditions. The product media have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption porosimetry, and vibrating sample magnetometry. c2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

NASA Discipline Life Support Systems↗

NASA NTRS2005

Heart Pump Design for Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Through a Lewis CommTech Program project with the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, the NASA Lewis Research Center is playing a key role in the design and development of a permanently implantable, artificial heart pump assist device. Known as the Innovative Ventricular Assist System (IVAS), this device will take on the pumping role of the damaged left ventricle of the heart. The key part of the IVAS is a nonpulsatile (continuous flow) artificial heart pump with centrifugal impeller blades, driven by an electric motor. Lewis is part of an industry and academia team, led by the Ohio Aerospace Institute (OAI), that is working with the Cleveland Clinic Foundation to make IVAS a reality. This device has the potential to save tens of thousands of lives each year, since 80 percent of heart attack victims suffer irreversible damage to the left ventricle, the part of the heart that does most of the pumping. Impeller blade design codes and flow-modeling analytical codes will be used in the project. These codes were developed at Lewis for the aerospace industry but will be applicable to the IVAS design project. The analytical codes, which currently simulate the flow through the compressor and pump systems, will be used to simulate the flow within the blood pump in the artificial heart assist device. The Interdisciplinary Technology Office heads up Lewis' efforts in the IVAS project. With the aid of numerical modeling, the blood pump will address many design issues, including some fluid-dynamic design considerations that are unique to the properties of blood. Some of the issues that will be addressed in the design process include hemolysis, deposition, recirculation, pump efficiency, rotor thrust balance, and bearing lubrication. Optimum pumping system performance will be achieved by modeling all the interactions between the pump components. The interactions can be multidisciplinary and, therefore, are influenced not only by the fluid dynamics of adjacent components but also by thermal and structural effects. Lewis-developed flow-modeling codes to be used in the pump simulations will include a one-dimensional code and an incompressible three-dimensional Navier-Stokes flow code. These codes will analyze the prototype pump designed by the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. With an improved understanding of the flow phenomena within the prototype pump, design changes to improve the performance of the pump system can be verified by computer prior to fabrication in order to reduce risks. The use of Lewis flow modeling codes during the design and development process will improve pump system performance and reduce the number of prototypes built in the development phase. The first phase of the IVAS project is to fully develop the prototype in a laboratory environment that uses a water/glycerin mixture as the surrogate fluid to simulate blood. A later phase of the project will include testing in animals for final validation. Lewis will be involved in the IVAS project for 3 to 5 years.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS2005

Mission Design for the Innovative Interstellar Explorer Vision Mission

The Innovative Interstellar Explorer, studied under a NASA Vision Mission grant, examined sending a probe to a heliospheric distance of 200 Astronomical Units (AU) in a "reasonable" amount of time. Previous studies looked at the use of a near-Sun propulsive maneuver, solar sails, and fission reactor powered electric propulsion systems for propulsion. The Innovative Interstellar Explorer's mission design used a combination of a high-energy launch using current launch technology, a Jupiter gravity assist, and electric propulsion powered by advanced radioisotope power systems to reach 200 AU. Many direct and gravity assist trajectories at several power levels were considered in the development of the baseline trajectory, including single and double gravity assists utilizing the outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune). A detailed spacecraft design study was completed followed by trajectory analyses to examine the performance of the spacecraft design options.

Fiehler, Douglas I.↗