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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17

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The Circulation of the Plasmasphere Fluid during the Erosion Event on September 8, 2017

A strong solar wind pressure pulse triggered the magnetic storm on September 7, 2017. Near the end of September 7, the z-component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Bz) dropped from 9 to -10 nT in 30 min. The IMF Bz remained at the level of -10 nT for 2 hours and then had another rapid drop to -31 nT in 30 min. The sudden plunge of IMF Bz and the associated strong convection electric field stirred up the storm main phase with Dst falling from 0 to -122 nT from 2200 UT on September 7 to 0200 UT on the 8th. Severe plasmasphere erosion was observed on September 8 by multiple spacecraft, such as the Van Allen Probes and the Arase satellite. In this study, we examine the fate of the eroded plasmasphere particles during this event by model simulation as well as satellite data analysis. The simulation tool we use is the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF)/Block-Adaptive Tree Solarwind Roe-type Upwind Scheme (BATS-R-US) model coupled with the Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere-Ionosphere (CIMI) model. One of the distinctive capabilities of the SWMF/BATSRUS-CIMI model is that it treats the cold plasmas in the plasmasphere as a separate fluid in the MHD equations. As a result, the transport and circulation of the plasmasphere fluid in the global magnetosphere can be traced and the impacts of this cold fluid on the global magnetosphere can be evaluated. In this paper, we will show how the drainage plume is formed during the storm and how the plasmasphere fluid is transported to the flank and lobe regions and eventually to the plasma sheet and reenters into the plasmasphere. We will validate our simulation by plasmasphere signatures observed in both the inner and outer magnetosphere.

Mei-Ching Fok↗

NASA NTRS2024

GRB Progenitor Classification from Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt and Afterglow Observations

Using an established classification technique, we leverage standard observations and analyses to predict the progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). This technique, utilizing support vector machine (SVM) statistics, provides a more nuanced prediction than the previous two-component Gaussian mixture in duration of the prompt gamma-ray emission. Based on further covariance testing from Fermi-GBM, Swift-BAT, and Swift-XRT data, we find that our classification based only on prompt emission properties gives perspective on the recent evidence that mergers and collapsars exist in both “long” and “short” GRB populations.

P Nuessle↗

DOE OSTI2025

BESS Digital Assurance, Supply Chain Risk Management, and Emerging Regulation Session One - Abridged

The TADA BESS Supply Chain Workshops are designed to equip participants with the knowledge and tools necessary to address the evolving challenges at the intersection of battery energy storage systems (BESS), cybersecurity, and supply chain vulnerabilities. The workshops emphasize the application of Cyber-Informed Engineering (CIE) principles using INL’s procurement guide and the CIE-BAT tool. Attendees will develop risk-based security strategies and actionable compliance roadmaps tailored to their BESS projects. Additionally, the program fosters a collaborative network of practitioners and provides guidance on navigating emerging regulatory requirements, including FEOC rules under the OBBB framework, to assess and enhance organizational readiness. This is Session 1 of 3.

25 - ENERGY STORAGE↗

DOE OSTI2025

BESS Digital Assurance, Supply Chain Risk Management, and Emerging Regulation Session Two

25 - ENERGY STORAGE↗

DOE OSTI2025

BESS Digital Assurance, Supply Chain Risk Management, and Emerging Regulation Session One

25 - ENERGY STORAGE↗

DOE OSTI2024

A New Method for Creating Structured High-Performance Current Collectors for Electrochemical Applications

A significant challenge in many electrochemical systems is finding a stable, high-performing current collector material that is mechanically robust, adaptable in form factor, and free of precious metals. Titanium electrodes are robust in many of these regards but exhibit poor charge transfer performance due to self-passivation. Herein, a new materials processing paradigm based on the titanium/titanium nitride (Ti/TiN) system which allows for robust, stable, and low-resistance current collectors of arbitrary form factor is presented. Specifically, a gas-nitriding process for 3D-printed titanium electrodes that results in a 20-fold improvement of charge transfer characteristics relative to the untreated material is outlined. The ability to utilize 3D-structured current collectors with a net 40-fold improvement in performance over nonstructured electrodes is further demonstrated. This novel approach to creating electrochemical current collectors requires minimal laboratory resources and can be widely adapted for a variety of applications, including desalination, electrolysis, energy storage, and basic research. In conclusion, the work described herein provides both a means for accelerating research and opens the door to hierarchical tuneability for enhanced performance.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2024

Chemical state of nickel nanoparticles during the oxygen evolution reaction in a carbonate-bicarbonate buffer solution

The chemical state of nickel anodes during the oxygen evolution reaction can impact their electrocatalytic performance. Here, X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopies reveal the chemical state of nickel nanoparticles under oxygen evolution reaction conditions in amildly alkaline carbonate-bicarbonate buffer solution. Ni 2+ and Ni 3+ species are observed at the reaction onset potential with a 7:4 ratio, with no remaining metallic nickel. These species include NiO, which increasingly converts to other Ni 2+ and Ni 3+ species once the potential is increased above the onset potential. Conversely, when a 20-nm-thick nickel film is used instead of nickel nanoparticles, a significant amount of metallic nickel remains in the inner layers. Nickel nanoparticles also undergo significant morphological and structural changes during the reaction, as evidenced by ex situ transmission electron microscopy. Amorphization of the nanoparticles is attributed to significant H 2 O incorporation, with the oxygen intensity increasing both in operando and ex situ measurements.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2024

Measuring the Stable Isotope Composition of Water in Brine from Halite Fluid Inclusions and Borehole Brine Seeps Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy

Not Available

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2025

Copper-dependent halogenase catalyses unactivated C−H bond functionalization

Carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bonds are the foundation of essentially every organic molecule, making them an ideal place to do chemical synthesis. The key challenge is achieving selectivity for one particular C(sp 3 )−H bond. In recent years, metalloenzymes have been found to perform C(sp 3 )−H bond functionalization. Despite substantial progresses in the past two decades, enzymatic halogenation and pseudohalogenation of unactivated C(sp 3 )−H—providing a functional handle for further modification—have been achieved with only non-haem iron/α-ketoglutarate-dependent halogenases, and are therefore limited by the chemistry possible with these enzymes. Here, in this work, we report the discovery and characterization of a previously unknown halogenase ApnU, part of a protein family containing domain of unknown function 3328 (DUF3328). ApnU uses copper in its active site to catalyse iterative chlorinations on multiple unactivated C(sp 3 )−H bonds. By taking advantage of the softer copper centre, we demonstrate that ApnU can catalyse unprecedented enzymatic C(sp 3 )−H bond functionalization such as iodination and thiocyanation. Using biochemical characterization and proteomics analysis, we identified the functional oligomeric state of ApnU as a covalently linked homodimer, which contains three essential pairs—one interchain and two intrachain—of disulfide bonds. The metal-coordination active site in ApnU consists of binuclear type II copper centres, as revealed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. This discovery expands the enzymatic capability of C(sp 3 )−H halogenases and provides a foundational understanding of this family of binuclear copper-dependent oxidative enzymes.

biocatalysis↗

DOE OSTI2025

Joint neutrino oscillation analysis from the T2K and NOvA experiments

The landmark discovery that neutrinos have mass and can change type (or flavour) as they propagate—a process called neutrino oscillation—has opened up a rich array of theoretical and experimental questions being actively pursued today. Neutrino oscillation remains the most powerful experimental tool for addressing many of these questions, including whether neutrinos violate charge-parity (CP) symmetry, which has possible connections to the unexplained preponderance of matter over antimatter in the Universe. Oscillation measurements also probe the mass-squared differences between the different neutrino mass states (Δ$m^2$), whether there are two light states and a heavier one (normal ordering) or vice versa (inverted ordering), and the structure of neutrino mass and flavour mixing. Here we carry out the first joint analysis of datasets from NOvA and T2K, the two currently operating long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments (hundreds of kilometres of neutrino travel distance), taking advantage of our complementary experimental designs and setting new constraints on several neutrino sector parameters. This analysis provides new precision on the $Δm_{32}^2$ mass difference, finding $-2.43_{−0.03}^{+0.04}$ x $10^{-13}$ $\textrm{eV}^2$ in the normal ordering and $-2.43^{+0.03}_{-0.04}$ x $10^{-13}$ $\textrm{eV}^2$ in the inverted ordering, as well as a 3σ interval on δ CP of [−1.38π, 0.30π] in the normal ordering and [−0.92π, −0.04π] in the inverted ordering. The data show no strong preference for either mass ordering, but notably, if inverted ordering were assumed true within the three-flavour mixing model, then our results would provide evidence of CP symmetry violation in the lepton sector.