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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

ATLAS toward the High Luminosity era: challenges on electronic systems

To maximize the physics reach, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) plans to increase its instantaneous luminosity to $7.5×10^{34} cm^{-2} s^{-1}$ and deliver $3 - 4 ab^{-1}$ of data at a center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV. To profit from this high-luminosity LHC operation with a pile-up up to 200 inelastic collisions per bunch crossing, performance of the ATLAS detector needs to be maintained and in many systems, improved. The upgraded detector will have an unprecedented output data rate of up to 200 TB/s. Real-time processing of this large data volume in a short time period is extremely challenging. New sets of both front-end and back-end electronics are required for all sub-detectors. The large number of detector channels, huge volumes of input and output data, short time available to process and transmit data, harsh radiation environment, and the need of low power consumption all impose great challenges on the designs of electronic systems.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

HELEN: A Linear Collider Based On Advanced SRF Technology

This paper discusses recently proposed Higgs Energy LEptoN (HELEN) $e+e-$ linear collider based on advances in superconducting radio frequency technology. The collider offers cost and AC power savings, smaller footprint (relative to the ILC), and could be built at Fermilab with an interaction region within the site boundaries. After the initial physics run at 250 GeV, the collider could be upgraded either to higher luminosity or to higher (up to 500 GeV) energies.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Anatomy of $tthh$ physics at the HL-LHC

The t t h h production at colliders contains rich information on the nature of the Higgs boson. In this article, we systematically studied its physics at the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), using exclusive channels with multiple ( ≥ 5 ) b -jets and one lepton ( 5 b 1 ℓ ), multiple ( ≥ 5 ) b -jets and opposite-sign dilepton ( 5 b 2 ℓ ), same-sign dilepton ( SS 2 ℓ ), multiple leptons (multi- ℓ ), and ditau resonance ( τ τ ). The scenarios analyzed include: (1) the t t h h production in Standard Model; (2) the t t h h production mediated by anomalous cubic Higgs self-coupling and t t h h contact interaction; (3) heavy Higgs ( H ) production with t t H → t t h h ; and (4) pair production of fermionic top partners ( T ) with T T → t t h h . To address the complication of event topologies and the mess of combinatorial backgrounds, a tool of boosted-decision-tree was applied in the analyses. The 5 b 1 ℓ and SS 2 ℓ analyses define the two most promising channels. For the nonresonant t t h h production, a combination of these exclusive analyses allows for its measurement in the SM with a statistical significance ~ 0.9 σ (with S / B > 1 % ), and may partially break the sensitivity degeneracy with respect to a varying cubic Higgs self-coupling, a difficulty usually thought to exist in gluon fusion di-Higgs analysis at HL-LHC. These sensitivities were also projected to future hadron colliders at 27 TeV and 100 TeV. For the resonant t t h h productions, the heavy Higgs boson in type II two-Higgs-doublet-model could be efficiently searched for between the mass thresholds 2 m h < m H < 2 m t and even beyond that, for relatively small tan β (vacuum alignment), while the fermionic top partners in composite Higgs models could be probed up to ~ 1.5 TeV and ~ 1.7 TeV , for Br ( T → t h ) = 25 % and 50%, respectively.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Photon-odderon interference in exclusive χ c charmonium production at the Electron-Ion Collider

Exclusive C = + 1 scalar, axial-vector, and tensor quarkonium production in high-energy electron-proton scattering requires a C -odd t -channel exchange of a photon or a three-gluon ladder. We derive the expressions for the corresponding amplitudes. The relative phase of the photon vs three-gluon exchange amplitudes is determined by the sign of the light-front matrix element of the eikonal color current operator d a b c J + a J + b J + c at moderate x , and is not affected by small- x QCD evolution. Model calculations predict constructive interference, which is particularly strong for momentum transfer | t | ∼ 1 GeV 2 where the cross section for χ c J production exceeds that for pure photon exchange by up to a factor of 4. Exclusive χ c J electroproduction at the high luminosity Electron-Ion Collider occurs with well measurable rates and measurements of these processes should find evidence for the perturbative odderon exchange. We also compute the total electroproduction cross section as a function of energy and provide first estimates of the number of χ c J events per month at the Electron-Ion Collider design luminosity. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Essay: A Path for the Construction of a Muon Collider

Muons are elementary particles and provide cleaner collision events that can explore higher energies compared to composite particles like protons. Muons are also far heavier than their electron cousins, meaning that they emit less synchrotron radiation that effectively limits the energies of circular electron-positron colliders. These characteristics open up the possibility for a muon collider to surpass the direct energy reach of the Large Hadron Collider while achieving unprecedented precision measurements of standard model processes. In this Essay, after briefly summarizing the progress achieved so far, I identify important missing research and development steps and envision a compelling plan to bring a muon collider to reality in the next two decades. A muon collider could allow for the exploration of physics that is not available with current technologies. For example, it may provide a way to study the Higgs boson directly or probe new particles, including those related to dark matter or other phenomena beyond the standard model. . Published by the American Physical Society 2025

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Feebly-interacting particles: FIPs 2020 workshop report

With the establishment and maturation of the experimental programs searching for new physics with sizeable couplings at the LHC, there is an increasing interest in the broader particle and astrophysics community for exploring the physics of light and feebly-interacting particles as a paradigm complementary to a New Physics sector at the TeV scale and beyond. FIPs 2020 has been the first workshop fully dedicated to the physics of feebly-interacting particles and was held virtually from 31 August to 4 September 2020. The workshop has gathered together experts from collider, beam dump, fixed target experiments, as well as from astrophysics, axions/ALPs searches, current/future neutrino experiments, and dark matter direct detection communities to discuss progress in experimental searches and underlying theory models for FIPs physics, and to enhance the cross-fertilisation across different fields. FIPs 2020 has been complemented by the topical workshop “Physics Beyond Colliders meets theory”, held at CERN from 7 June to 9 June 2020. This document presents the summary of the talks presented at the workshops and the outcome of the subsequent discussions held immediately after. It aims to provide a clear picture of this blooming field and proposes a few recommendations for the next round of experimental results.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

2025 EIC-France Workshop: Physics Highlights and Perspectives

This document presents a synthesis of the theory contributions and discussions from the 2nd EIC-France Workshop, held at IJCLab (Orsay) on 1-3 December 2025. The workshop brought together members of the French hadron-physics community to review recent theoretical developments relevant to the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) and to coordinate national efforts in preparation for its early physics program. The report first summarizes the collider's initial running conditions and luminosity performance, as outlined in the EIC Early Science Matrix. It then provides concise overviews of the theoretical presentations on inclusive, semi-inclusive, exclusive, heavy-flavor, and small-x physics. Based on these discussions, two measurements emerged as especially well suited for early EIC operation and strongly aligned with areas of established French expertise: inclusive diffraction and inclusive quarkonium production. These channels offer clean signatures, robust theoretical interpretability, and direct sensitivity to fundamental QCD phenomena such as gluon saturation, heavy-quark dynamics, and the small-x structure of hadrons and nuclei. In addition, the workshop identified longer-term physics opportunities that will benefit from the full capabilities of the EIC after its ramp-up phase. These include accessing the three-dimensional structure of the pion through the Sullivan process and a broader program of exclusive three-body final states, both of which represent high-impact avenues for exploring hadronic structure and non-perturbative QCD. Together, the elements summarized in this report provide a coherent overview of the strategic priorities and scientific ambitions shaping the French community's contribution to the EIC physics program.

FOS: Physical sciences↗
DOE OSTI2021

Siberian Snakes, Figure-8 and Spin Transparency Techniques for High Precision Experiments with Polarized Hadron Beams in Colliders

We present a review of the possibilities to conduct experiments of high efficiency in the nuclear and high energy physics with spin-polarized beams in a collider complex, configuration of which includes Siberian snakes or figure-8 collider ring. Special attention is given to the recently elicited advantageous possibility to conduct high precision experiments in a regime of the spin transparency (ST) when the design global spin tune is close to zero. In this regime, the polarization control is realized by use of spin navigators (SN), which are compact special insertions of magnets dedicated to a high flexibility spin manipulation including frequent spin flips.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

The Electron-Ion Collider - A machine that will unlock the secrets of the strongest force in nature!

The computers and smartphones we use every day depend on what we learned about the atom in the last century. All information technology – and much of our economy today – relies on understanding the electromagnetic force between the atomic nucleus and the electrons that orbit it. The science of that force is well understood, but we still know little about the microcosm within the protons and neutrons that make up the atomic nucleus. That’s where Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) comes in. Brookhaven National Laboratory (located in Suffolk County, NY, about 60 miles east of midtown Manhattan) was recently chosen as the building site for an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), a one-of-a-kind nuclear physics research facility. The EIC will be a discovery machine for unlocking the secrets of the “glue” that binds the building blocks of visible matter in the universe. The machine design will take advantage of the existing and highly optimized Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) that’s been operating at Brookhaven Lab since 2000. Beyond sparking scientific discoveries in a new frontier of fundamental physics, the Electron-Ion Collider will trigger technological breakthroughs that have broad-ranging impact on human health and national challenges.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Overview of the LHeC and FCC-he accelerator concepts

The Large Hadron–Electron Collider is designed to move the field of deep inelastic scattering to the energy and intensity frontier of particle physics. Exploiting energy-recovery technology, it collides a novel, intense electron beam with a proton or ion beam from the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. The accelerator and interaction regions are designed for concurrent electron–proton and proton–proton operations. This paper represents the concepts of an updated design study and discusses the design challenges of the project.

Holzer, B. J.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Heavy Flavor Physics at the sPHENIX Experiment

The sPHENIX experiment is a state-of-the-art jet and heavy flavor physics detector, which successfully recorded its first Au + Au collision data at 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). sPHENIX will provide heavy flavor physics measurements at RHIC, covering an unexplored kinematic region and unprecedented precision, to probe the parton energy loss mechanism, parton transport coefficients in quark–gluon plasma, and the hadronization process under various medium conditions. At the center of sPHENIX, the monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS)-based VerTeX detector (MVTX) is a high-precision silicon pixel detector. The MVTX provides excellent position resolution and the capability of operating in continuous streaming readout mode, allowing precise vertex determination and recording a large data sample, both of which are particularly crucial for heavy flavor physics measurements. In this work, we will show the general performance of heavy-flavor hadron reconstruction. In addition, we will discuss the commissioning experience with sPHENIX. Finally, we will provide the projection of b-hadron and jet observables and discuss the estimated constraints on theoretical models.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Research in Heavy-Ion Physics at CMS

This report sketches the activities of the Kansas Heavy Ion group over a period of 27 years. During that time the group has progressed from preparations for the BRAHMS experiment at RHIC, through the very exciting early years of RHIC, to great physics on the CMS experiment and finally preparations for the Electron Ion Collider.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC

High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC experiments. The proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), to be located several hundred meters from the ATLAS interaction point and shielded by concrete and rock, will host a suite of experiments to probe standard model (SM) processes and search for physics beyond the standard model (BSM). In this report, we review the status of the civil engineering plans and the experiments to explore the diverse physics signals that can be uniquely probed in the forward region. FPF experiments will be sensitive to a broad range of BSM physics through searches for new particle scattering or decay signatures and deviations from SM expectations in high statistics analyses with TeV neutrinos in this low-background environment. High statistics neutrino detection will also provide valuable data for fundamental topics in perturbative and non-perturbative QCD and in weak interactions. Experiments at the FPF will enable synergies between forward particle production at the LHC and astroparticle physics to be exploited. We report here on these physics topics, on infrastructure, detector, and simulation studies, and on future directions to realize the FPF’s physics potential.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Uncertainties associated with GAN-generated datasets in high energy physics

Recently, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) trained on samples of traditionally simulated collider events have been proposed as a way of generating larger simulated datasets at a reduced computational cost. In this paper we point out that data generated by a GAN cannot statistically be better than the data it was trained on, and critically examine the applicability of GANs in various situations, including a) for replacing the entire Monte Carlo pipeline or parts of it, and b) to produce datasets for usage in highly sensitive analyses or sub-optimal ones. We present our arguments using information theoretic demonstrations, a toy example, as well as in the form of a formal statement, and identify some potential valid uses of GANs in collider simulations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Rare and Experimentally Challenging Supersymmetry Signatures

Supersymmetry has long played a central role in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model at colliders, providing a comprehensive and internally consistent framework for generating well-motivated experimental signatures. For more than 15 years of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) operation, the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations have achieved remarkable sensitivity to a wide range of supersymmetric signatures. Despite this unprecedented reach, no conclusive evidence for supersymmetry has emerged. If supersymmetry is nature's solution to outstanding questions in particle physics, it is necessarily challenging to find. In this article, we review supersymmetric signatures that are particularly rare or otherwise challenging, with a focus on searches at the LHC. We highlight experimental challenges related to detector constraints and analysis difficulties, in addition to model challenges in the interpretation and optimization of searches. Here, we also identify regions of signature space that remain comparatively unconstrained and therefore represent promising targets for future exploration.

Large Hadron Collider↗
DOE OSTI2025

Spin Physics at PHENIX

Situated at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory, the PHENIX experiment has for almost two decades been at the forefront of investigations into spin structure and dynamics in high-energy nuclear physics. Although decommissioned in 2016, the PHENIX collaboration has released a number of new results over the past several years that continue to inform the field. Recent longitudinal spin measurements uncover the role of gluon and sea quark polarization in the proton. Transverse spin measurements probe the transverse momentum-dependent (TMD) distributions and higher-twist multiparton correlators that are needed to fully explain partonic dynamics in the initial and final state. Additionally, the effects of heavy ions on spin have been studied by comparing transverse spin measurements between p+p and p+A collisions. These recent results and their wider implications are presented.

PHENIX↗