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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17
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NASA NTRS1993

Absence of a growth hormone effect on rat soleus atrophy during a 4-day spaceflight

The effect of a 4-day-long spaceflight on the size and the enzyme properties of soleus fibers of rats and the effects of exogenous growth hormone (GH) on the atrophic response of the soleus muscle were investigated in four groups of rats: (1) control, (2) control plus GH treatment, (3) flight, and (4) flight plus GH treatment. Results showed that the fiber size and the type of myosin heavy chain expressed fibers (but not the metabolic properties) of the soleus were affected by four days of weightlessness and that the effects were not ameliorated by the administration of growth hormone.

Jiang, Bian↗
NASA NTRS1993

Orthostatic intolerance during a 13-day bed rest does not result from increased leg compliance

Increased leg compliance (LC) has been proposed as a mechanism for orthostatic intolerance after spaceflight or bed rest. Using venous occlusion plethysmography with mercury-in-Silastic strain gauge, we evaluated LC before, during, and after a 13-day head-down bed rest in 10 men. LC was measured by the relationship between the increased calf areas at thigh cuff occlusions of 20, 30, 50, 70, and 80 mmHg. Orthostatic tolerance was evaluated by a presyncopal-limited lower body negative pressure test before and after bed rest. The 10 subjects were divided into TOL (n= 5) and INT (n=5) groups for which the orthostatic tolerance was similar and lower after bed rest, respectively. For TOL (INT) before bed rest, calf area increases were 2.2 +/- 0.5 (SE) (1.3 +/- 0.4), 3.5 +/- 0.7 (2.3 +/- 0.5), 5.0 +/- 0.9 (3.5 +/- 0.6), 5.6 +/- 0.9 (4.4 +/- 0.6), and 6.4 +/- 1.1 (4.7 +/- 0.6) sq cm for thigh occlusion pressures of 20, 30, 50, 70, and 80 mmHg, respectively. Neither for INT nor for TOL were these results significantly changed by bed rest. These results suggest that other mechanisms than increased LC have to be taken into account to explain the decreased orthostatic tolerance induced by this 13-day bed rest.

Melchior, Francois M.↗
NASA NTRS1995

STS 63 Flight Day 4 Highlights/MIR-Shuttle Rendezvous

STS 63 Flight, day 4, the MIR-Shuttle rendezvous is highlighted in this video. The six-member team in the Shuttle are introduced and discuss their functions and tests for this day of the flight. There is actual footage of earth from space, of the MIR Space Station, a tour of the Shuttle cockpit, some footage from the MIR of the Space Shuttle, and footage from inside the MIR with the cosmonauts. Mission control communications with the Shuttle, communication between the Shuttle and MIR, and an historic communication between the Shuttle's astronauts and President Bill Clinton are included. President Clinton interviews each of the six-member team and discusses the upcoming space walk by Dr. Bernard Harris, the first black astronaut to walk in space. This video was recorded on February 6, 1995.

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NASA NTRS1995

STS-71 Shuttle/Mir Flight: Day 7

Day 7 of the STS-71 mission is featured in this video, a continuation from days 1-6, this video includes live footage onboard the STS-71 Space Station Atlantis and the Mir Space Station. Astronaut, Dr. Norman Thagard, after living in space for 3 months onboard the Mir Space Station, joins the crew of Atlantis for his trip back to earth. Live interviews are conducted with the crew of Atlantis.

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NASA NTRS1995

STS-71 Shuttle/Mir Flight: Day 8

Day 8 of the STS-71 mission is featured in this video, a continuation from days 1-7, this video includes live footage onboard the STS-71 Space Shuttle Atlantis and the Mir Space Station. Live interviews are conducted with the crew of Atlantis. Views are shown of the Mir Space Station from various angles.

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NASA NTRS1995

STS-71 Shuttle/Mir Flight: Day 9

Day 9 of the STS-71 mission is featured in this video, a continuation from days 1-8, this video includes live footage onboard the STS-71 Space Shuttle Atlantis and the Mir Space Station. Views are shown of the Mir Space Station from various angles and its earth orbit after disconnection from Atlantis.

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NASA NTRS1995

STS-71 Shuttle/Mir Flight: Day 10

Day 10, the last day of the STS-71 Space Shuttle mission, is featured in this video. There is live footage from onboard the shuttle and interviews with the Shuttle's astronauts. Also, some earth view footage from the Shuttle is included.

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NASA NTRS1995

STS-70 Flight: Day 6

The sixth day of the STS-70 Space Shuttle Discovery mission is featured on this video. During another trouble-free day, the crew again performed a variety of experiments ranging from optical studies to biological investigations. One such biological experiment showed orange colon cancer cells coalescing into globules. Using the Hercules Camera, the crew shot film footage of the Earth's surface and during the Windex experiment, several views of the Shuttle were shown.

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NASA NTRS1994

The 51-day periodicity in cycle 22

On the basis of analysis of the occurrence rate of major flares (X-ray class greater than or equal to M3.0), we present evidence that the 51-day periodicity was in operation during the interval from May 4, 1991 to November 15, 1992. This periodicity is noted to be two times 25.5 days, which has been proposed as the fundamental period of the Sun.

Bai, T.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Aortic baroreflex control of heart rate after 15 days of simulated microgravity exposure

To determine the effects of simulated microgravity on aortic baroreflex control of heart rate, we exposed seven male subjects to 15 days of bed rest in the 6 deg head-down position. The sensitivity of the aortic-cardiac baroreflex was determined during a steady-state phenylephrine-induced increase in mean arterial pressure combined with lower body negative pressure to counteract central venous pressure increases and neck pressure to offset the increased carotid sinus transmural pressure. The aortic-cardiac baroreflex gain was assessed by determining the ratio of the change in heart rate to the change in mean arterial pressure between baseline conditions and aortic baroreceptor-isolated conditions (i.e., phenylephrine + lower body negative pressure + neck pressure stage). Fifteen days of head-down tilt increased the gain of the aortic-cardiac baroreflex. Reductions in blood volume and/or maximal aerobic capacity may represent the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for increased aortic baroreflex responsiveness after exposure to a ground-based analogue of microgravity.

Crandall, Craig G.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Instability at the winter stratopause: A mechanism for the 4-day wave

Studies using climatological fields in a three-dimensional stability model show unstable modes near the polar winter stratopause with periods near 4 days. The calculated modes exhibit equatorward momentum and heat fluxes near the stratopause, similar to characteristics of observed 4-day wave events, demonstrating that both baroclinic and barotropic processes are important for this instability. The baroclinic and barotropic components are considered separately by selectively removing either horizontal or vertical shear from the background flow. Although both situations reveal instability, growth rates are very slow; realistic growth rates occur only for climatological flows including both horizontal and vertical shears. Similar unstable, fast-moving waves are found near the polar stratopause for several winter months in both hemispheres.

Manney, G. L.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Present-day Antarctic ice mass changes and crustal motion

The peak vertical velocities predicted by three realistic, but contrasting, present-day scenarios of Antarctic ice sheet mass balance are found to be of the order of several mm/a. One scenario predicts local uplift rates in excess of 5 mm/a. These rates are small compared to the peak Antarctic vertical velocities of the ICE-3G glacial rebound model, which are in excess of 20 mm/a. If the Holocene Antarctic deglaciation history protrayed in ICE-3G is realistic, and if regional upper mantle viscosity is not an order of magnitude below 10(exp 21) Pa(dot)s, then a vast geographical region in West Antarctica is uplifting at a rate that could be detected by a future Global Positioning System (GPS) campaign. While present-day scenarios predict small vertical crustal velocities, their overall continent-ocean mass exchange is large enough to account for a substantial portion of the observed secular polar motion (omega m(arrow dot)) and time-varying zonal gravity field.

James, Thomas S.↗
NASA NTRS1995

STS-69 Flight Day 11 Highlights

On this eleventh day of the STS-69 flight, the astronauts, Cmdr. Dave Walker, Pilot Ken Cockrell, and Mission Specialists Jim Voss, Jim Newman, and Mike Gernhardt were awakened to the theme song for the cartoon 'Charlie Brown. ' The crew spent most of the day preparing the shuttle for reentry and landing. Several reporters interviewed the crew via a satellite link. Questions ranging from the status and problems with the mission to NASA's future were asked. Walker and Cockrell performed a successful landing of the space shuttle at Kennedy Space Center.

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NASA NTRS1995

STS-69 Flight Day 6 Highlights

After being awakened by the Beatles song, 'A Hard Days Night', the flightcrew of the STS-69 mission, Cmdr. Dave Walker, Pilot Ken Cockrell, and Mission Specialists Jim Voss, Jim Newman, and Mike Gernhardt, began their sixth day in orbit by monitoring the free orbiting Wake Shield Facility (WSF). Later Cmdr. Walker conducted an interview with television reporters from Atlanta and Boston, answering questions about the mission and general questions about NASA's space program. The crew filmed a video for themselves performing daily routines (eating, shaving, exercising), as well as some of the physiological experiments, and shuttle equipment maintenance and checkout. One of the secondary experiments included the Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus-7 (CGBA-7), which served as an incubator and experiment station for a variety of tests (agricultural, pharmaceutical, biomedical, and environmental). Earth views included some cloud cover, the Gulf of Mexico, Texas, and the Atlantic Ocean.

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NASA NTRS1995

STS-69 Flight Day 9 Video File

The song, 'He's A Tramp', from the Walt Disney cartoon movie, 'Lady and the Tramp', awakened the astronauts, Cmdr. Dave Walker, Pilot Ken Cockrell, and Mission Specialists Jim Voss, Jim Newman, and Mike Gernhardt, on the ninth day of the STS-69 mission. The Wake Shield Facility (WSF) was again unberthed from the shuttle cargo bay and , using the shuttle's robot arm, held over the side of the shuttle for five hours where it collected data on the electrical field build-up around the spacecraft as part of the Charging Hazards and Wake Studies Experiment (CHAWS). Voss and Gernhardt rehearsed their Extravehicular Activity (EVA) spacewalk, which was planned for the next day. Earth views included cloud cover, a hurricane, and its eye.

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NASA NTRS1995

STS-73 Flight Day 1

On this first day of the STS-73 sixteen day mission, the crew Cmdr. Kenneth Bowersox, Pilot Kent Rominger, Payload Specialists Albert Sacco and Fred Leslie, and Mission Specialists Kathryn Thornton, Catherine 'Cady' Coleman, and Michael Lopez-Alegria are shown in various stages of prelaunch and launch activities. This mission carries the United States Microgravity Lab-2 (USML-2) payload, in which a variety of spaceborne microgravity experiments will be performed. These experiments include the Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility (APCF), The Astroculture (tm)(ASC) hardware and experiment, the Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA), the Crystal Growth Furnace (CGF), the Drop Physics Module (DPM), the Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell (GFFC), the Glovebox (GBX), the Zeolite Crystal Growth (ZCG) experiment, the Surface Tension Driven Convection Experiment (STDCE), the Protein Crystal Growth (PCG) experiment, three Measuring Microgravity experiments (the Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS), the Three Dimensional Microgravity Accelerometer (3DMA), and the Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment (OARE)), and the High-Packed Digital Television (HI-PAC) demonstration system. Earth views include some cloud cover and various Earth land masses.

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NASA NTRS1995

STS-73 Flight Day 2

On this second day of the STS-73 sixteen day mission, the crew Cmdr. Kenneth Bowersox, Pilot Kent Rominger, Payload Specialists Albert Sacco and Fred Leslie, and Mission Specialists Kathryn Thornton, Catherine 'Cady' Coleman, and Michael Lopez-Alegria are shown performing several of the spaceborne experiments on the United States Microgravity Lab-2 (USML-2). These experiments included the Astroculture (tm)(ASC) experiment, the Protein Crystal Growth (PCG) experiment using liquid/liquid diffusion methods, and the Drop Physics Module (DPM) experiment. A High-Packed Digital Television (HI-PAC) system is used to downlink video images of the various experiments from the Shuttle to Mission Control. Video from Mission Control is uplinked to the shuttle using a Ground-Air Television (GATV) system.

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NASA NTRS1995

STS-73 Flight Day 3

On this third day of the STS-73 sixteen day mission, the crew, Cmdr. Kenneth Bowersox, Pilot Kent Rominger, Payload Specialists Albert Sacco and Fred Leslie, and Mission Specialists Kathryn Thornton, Catherine 'Cady' Coleman, and Michael Lopez-Alegria are shown performing several of the spaceborne experiments onboard the United States Microgravity Lab-2 (USML-2). The experiments shown include the Surface Tension Driven Convection Experiment (STDCE), the Drop Physics Module (DPM) experiment, and the High-Packed Digital Television (HI-PAC) demonstration. The HI-PAC allows the digitization of up to six video downlink signals from the Spacelab experiments and other cameras onboard the Shuttle, where previously only one downlink was allowed.

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