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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1975

Preliminary study of oxide-dispersion-strengthened B-1900 prepared by mechanical alloys

An experimental oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy based on the B-1900 composition was produced by the mechanical alloying process. Without optimization of the processing for the alloy or the alloy for the processing, recrystallization of the extruded product to large elongated grains was achieved. Materials having grain length-width ratios of 3 and 5.5 were tested in tension and stress-rupture. The ODS B-1900 exhibited tensile strength similar to that of cast B-1900. Its stress-rupture life was lower than that of cast B-1900 at 760 C. At 1095 C the ODS B-1900 with the higher grain length-width ratio (5.5) had stress-rupture life superior to that of cast B-1900. It was concluded that, with optimization, oxide dispersion strengthening of B-1900 and other complex cast nickel-base alloys has potential for improving high temperature properties over those of the cast alloy counterparts.

Glasgow, T. K.↗
NASA NTRS1975

ASTP (SA-210) launch vehicle operational flight trajectory dispersion analysis, volume 1

In order to establish realistic deviation limits for the ASTP (SA-210) Launch Vehicle Operational Flight Trajectory, a dispersion analysis was conducted. The nominal trajectory prescribed for this analysis is the ASTP (SA-210) Launch Vehicle 500 Pound Launch Window Opening OT. The error sources considered are those associated with predictions of vehicle characteristics, vehicle systems performance, and flight environment. The nominal vehicle, the boost trajectory simulations, the error sources, the analytic procedures utilized, and the results are discussed. Launch vehicle guidance system inaccuracies were determined from the guidance error analysis. These data are composed of individual error source trajectory parameter dispersion envelopes.

Williams, N. D.↗
NASA NTRS1976

The influence of coastal fronts on the movement and dispersion of oil slicks

The author has identified the following significant results. LANDSAT, aircraft, and boats were used successfully to study estuarine and coastal fronts or boundaries. Horizontal salinity gradients of 4% in one meter and convergence velocities of the order of 0.1 m/sec were observed. Visibility improved from one meter to two meters as certain boundaries were crossed. Fronts near the mouth of the bay are associated with the tidal exchange with shelf water. By capturing and holding oil slicks, these frontal systems also significantly influence the movement and dispersion of oil slicks in Delaware Bay. Recent oil slick tracking experiments conducted to verify a predictive oil dispersion and movement model have shown that during certain parts of the tidal cycle the oil slicks tend to line up along boundaries.

Klemas, V.↗
NASA NTRS1976

An oxide dispersion strengthened Ni-W-Al alloy with superior high temperature strength

An experimental oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy, WAZ-D, derived from the WAZ-20 composition was produced by the mechanical alloying process. Cast WAZ-20 is strengthened by both a high refractory metal content, and 70 volume percent of gamma prime. The ODS alloy WAZ-D was responsive to variables of alloy content, of attritor processing, of consolidation by extrusion, and of heat treatment. The best material produced had large highly elongated grains. It exhibited tensile strengths generally superior to a comparable cast alloy. The ODS alloy exhibited high temperature stress rupture life considerably superior to any known cast superalloy. Tensile and rupture ductility were low, as was intermediate temperature rupture life. Very low creep rates were noted and some specimens failed with essentially no third stage creep. Also the benefit derived from the oxide dispersion, far out-weighed that from the elongated microstructure alone.

Glasgow, T. K.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Dispersion analysis for baseline reference mission 3A with 400,000 foot entry interface altitude

A dispersion analysis considering 3 beta uncertainties in platform, vehicle, and environmental parameters is described. Powered explicit guidance used to develop closed loop steering commands, the nominal profile, and entry interface conditions are discussed. The groundrules and assumptions for the analysis are reviewed. The results presented include dispersion data at specific time slices from liftoff to entry interface, covariance matrices, summary data, and exchange ratios.

Snow, L. S.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Velocity dispersions in galaxies. V - The nuclei of M31 and M32

Stigmatic spectra between 4160 and 4385 A of the central regions of M31 and M32 as well as the K0 III star 51 Ori are presented which were obtained using a SEC-vidicon integrating television tube and the coude spectrograph of the Hale telescope. Line-of-sight velocity dispersions of approximately 130 and 55 km/s are determined for the nuclei of M31 and M32, respectively, by directly comparing their spectra with Gaussian-broadened spectra of 51 Ori. The analytical techniques are outlined, and alternative methods for estimating velocity dispersions are evaluated, including least-squares fitting of intensities and division of Fourier transforms. It is noted that the broadened spectrum of 51 Ori fits the nucleus of M32 and the bulge of M31 much better than the nucleus of M31 in the region between 4180 and 4370 A.

Morton, D. C.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Application of parametric and non-parametric statistics to sounding rocket dispersion including large sample and small sample theory

Analytical methods for obtaining large and small samples to be used in sounding rocket dispersion statistics are described. When the distribution of the parent population is assumed known, a method is called parametric. When no assumption is made about the parent population, the method is called nonparametric. Parametric and nonparametric methods are given for both large and small samples. The assumed distribution for the parametric case will be normal and it is shown that sample nonparametric theory is easier to apply in many cases, giving essentially the same results as parametric theory. The method is applied to the dispersion of NASA sounding rockets from 1959 to 1974.

James F. McGarvey↗
NASA NTRS1976

The use of dispersion to eliminate multipath in planetary radio occultations

Occultation geometry is analyzed with a view toward eliminating all multipath resulting from layer effects. It is assumed that the spacecraft moves behind the planet with a constant velocity perpendicular to the direction from the spacecraft to the earth, and that for radio frequencies of 1 to 2 GHz the angle of refraction of a radio ray passing through the ionosphere is so small as to be imperceptible if drawn to scale. It is shown that if a particular amount of dispersion is inserted into the process at any stage prior to signal detection, the frequency vs time curve will be converted to a frequency vs ray asymptote height curve. Because there can be only one mode from any one ray asymptote height in a layered medium, frequency must be a single-valued function of this parameter. The introduction of an appropriate dispersion will therefore eliminate all multipath insofar as it is caused by spherically symmetric planetary layers. The degree of accuracy to be provided in flight and during postflight analysis is discussed.

Croft, T. A.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Dispersion of ensembles of non-interacting particles

The dynamics of an ensemble of noninteracting particles dispersing from a common origin and moving in a common force field with an initial distribution of momenta is analyzed using an approach where the particles are considered as a continuum described by a phase-space distribution function. General solutions are obtained for both the distribution function and the associated spatial density function. The linear case of small departures from circular orbits in an axisymmetric gravitational field is treated along with the specific case of particle dispersion from an object in a circular orbit in the same type of field. Numerical results are presented for the latter case, and consideration is given to the inverse problem of determining the initial time and velocity distribution from knowledge of the ensemble structure at a later time. Explicit results are provided for the case of an ellipsoidal distribution of initial momenta, and a numerical procedure is indicated for treating more general cases.

Heard, W. B.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Vortex generator for controlling the dispersion of effluents in a flowing liquid

A method is disclosed for controlling the dispersion of effluents in a flowing liquid. A vortex generator for creating a distinct recirculating vortical flow is disposed in a flowing liquid and effluents are discharged into the vortical flow. The effluents are entrained in the vortical flow and by selectively positioning the vortex generator the dispersion of the entrained effluents can be controlled.

Costen, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1977

The Crab Nebula pulsar - Variability of dispersion and scattering

Previous investigations of the effects of interstellar dispersion and scattering on the waveform of the Crab Nebula pulsar (NP 0532) have indicated a two-screen scattering model with one variable screen and have revealed anomalously large phase residuals at 73.8 MHz. The relevant observational data are reanalyzed in order to bring the two-screen model into better agreement with theoretical models of the interstellar medium and to account for the low-frequency (73.8-MHz) phase anomaly. The wavenumber spectrum of electron-density fluctuations is examined along with its role in scattering models involving an extended medium, a thick screen, or a thin screen. A tenable unit impulse response is constructed for a thin screen, its Fourier transform is analyzed, and an attempt is made to obtain the dispersion measure and scattering constants for two screens. A comparison of the resulting pulse-broadening and delay effects with other theoretical predictions shows that all observed pulse-broadening and delay effects in NP 0532 are consistent with scattering by a single thick slab of plasma occupying no more than one quarter of the line of sight.

Isaacman, R.↗
NASA NTRS1977

The influence of the directional energy distribution on the nonlinear dispersion relation in a random gravity wave field

The influence of the directional distribution of wave energy on the dispersion relation is calculated numerically using various directional wave spectrum models. The results indicate that the dispersion relation varies both as a function of the directional energy distribution and the direction of propagation of the wave component under consideration. Furthermore, both the mean deviation and the random scatter from the linear approximation increase as the energy spreading decreases. Limited observational data are compared with the theoretical results. The agreement is favorable.

Huang, N. E.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Measured backscatter and attenuation properties, including polarization effects, of various dispersions at 0.9 micron

The optical properties of a wide variety of atmospheric dispersions were studied using a 0.9-micron lidar system which included a GaAs laser stack transmitter emitting a horizontally polarized beam of 4 milliradians vertical divergence and 1.5 milliradians horizontal divergence. A principal means for assessing optical properties was the polarization ratio, that is, the backscattered radiation power perpendicular to the transmitter beam divided by the backscattered radiation power parallel to the beam polarization. The ratio of the backscattered fraction to the attenuation coefficient was also determined. Data on the dispersion properties of black carbon smoke, road dust, fog, fair-weather cumulus clouds, snow and rain were obtained; the adverse effects of sunlight-induced background noise on the readings is also discussed.

Kohl, R. H.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Apparatus for measuring a sorbate dispersed in a fluid stream

A sensitive, miniature apparatus was designed for measuring low concentrations of a sorbate dispersed in a fluid stream. The device consists of an elongated body having a surface capable of sorbing an amount of the sorbate proportional to the concentration in the fluid stream and propagating acoustic energy along its length. The acoustic energy is converted to an electrical output signal corresponding to the concentration of sorbate in the fluid stream. The device can be designed to exhibit high sensitivity to extremely small amounts of sorbate dispersed in a fluid stream and to exhibit low sensitivity to large amounts of sorbate. Another advantage is that the apparatus may be formed in a microminiature size and at a low cost using bath microfabrication technology.

Updike, O. L.↗
NASA NTRS1977

A model for dispersion from area sources in convective turbulence

Four independent estimates of the vertical distribution of the eddy coefficient for dispersion of a passive contaminant from an extensive area source in a convective layer have been presented. The estimates were based on the following methods: (1) a second-order closure prediction, (2) field data of pollutant concentrations over Los Angeles, (3) lab measurements of particle dispersion, and (4) assumption of equality between momentum and mass transfer coefficients in the free convective limit. It is suggested that K-values estimated both from second-order closure theory and from Los Angeles measurements are systematically underestimated.

Crane, G.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Pollutant dispersal in a nonuniform flow

Closed-form solutions are presented for the diffusion of an inert pollutant in a nonuniform flow; matrix analysis is employed to facilitate the solutions. In particular, cases involving an instantaneous point release, a constant point source, and an instantaneous line release are treated. Computations with and without the effects of velocity nonuniformities are given for the dispersal of the ground cloud resulting from the launch of a large rocket (the cloud considered as an instantaneous point source) and the dispersal of an aircraft exhaust (the exhaust considered as an instantaneous line release). In both cases the velocity nonuniformities have important effects on the computations.

Smith, G. L.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Self-scanned photodiode array - High performance operation in high dispersion astronomical spectrophotometry

A multichannel spectrophotometric detector system has been developed using a 1024 element self-scanned silicon photodiode array, which is now in routine operation with the high-dispersion coude spectrograph of the University of Texas McDonald Observatory 2.7-m telescope. Operational considerations in the use of such arrays for high precision and low light level spectrophotometry are discussed. A detailed description of the system is presented. Performance of the detector as measured in the laboratory and on astronomical program objects is described, and it is shown that these arrays are highly effective detectors for high dispersion astronomical spectroscopy.

Vogt, S. S.↗
NASA NTRS1978

The effect of the London-van der Waals dispersion force on interline heat transfer

A theoretical procedure to determine the heat transfer characteristics of the interline region (junction of liquid-solid-vapor) from the macroscopic optical and thermophysical properties of the system is outlined. The analysis is based on the premise that the interline transport processes are controlled by the London-van der Waals dispersion force between condensed phases (solid and liquid). Numerical values of the dispersion constant are presented. The procedure is used to compare the relative size of the interline heat sink of various systems using a constant heat flux mode. This solution demonstrates the importance of the interline heat flow number, which is evaluated for various systems.

Wayner, P. C., Jr.↗