Potential contributions of orbital earth resources data to urban planning.
Multispectral orbital photography used to obtain urban land-use data
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Multispectral orbital photography used to obtain urban land-use data
Reviewing research on processing data from multispectral band scanners for agricultural applications
The apparent differential spectral reflectance is reported as sensed by the imaging dissector camera system in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and by the high resolution infrared radiometer in the near-IR portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Both instruments were aboard the Nimbus 3 satellite.
A test site was chosen for the purpose of elaborating the patterns for the future total use of the satellite photographs. The election of the test site was made with the following criteria in mind: (1) a flat terrain for eliminating the dangers of shadows produced by a difficult topography; and (2) searching of well defined natural limits for the test site. Due to the lack of satellite photographs from the study area, a number of photos from the northern area of Spain have been studied from the point of view of obtaining answers from the spectra of the vegetation masses.
The author has identified the following significant results. The stereo cover of the Skylab photos, their clarity, and their resolution put them far above the ERTS imagery not only in distinguishing between patterns but also in determining the nature of the country. The following land systems: (1) plains with sand dunes; (2) ridges, foothills, and alluvial plains; (3) dune-covered country with stony hills; and (4) alluvial plains were indistinguishable on the ERTS imagery. However, the same places are clearly distinguishable on the Skylab photos, together with the character of the dunes (parallel, reticulate, or irregular).
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Sensitometry is applied to all photographic earth resources mission film processing. The exposure is made using an intensity modulated sensitometer with a 2850 K source filtered to produce a 5500 K spectral distribution. In addition, any filters used on the sensor are included in the sensitometer filter pack in order to accurately simulate the exposure conditions. The modulator consists of a continuous carbon wedge and a 20-step carbon step tablet.
There are no author-identified significant result in this report.
The author has identified the following significant results. Preliminary results show that the high resolution imagery has, potentially, an operational role in geological surveying and the design of major engineering works, and is much more promising in this regard than the low resolution Skylab and ERTS-1 imagery.
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
The author has identified the following significant results. Cursory examination shows that the Skylab photos alone would provide all the pictorial information needed for surveys in arid and semiarid regions according to the pattern of the Alice Springs survey (mapping at a scale of 1:1 million).
Methods are described for relating the densities in a roll of duplicate imagery to the exposure on the original by generating the system response curve. A four-quadrant tone-reproduction cycle is also described.
An index of EREP photographs is provided along with information on how EREP data can be obtained. Suggestions are presented for possible utilization of the data in the following areas: land resource management; water resources; marine resources; landform surveys, geologic mapping, and mineral resources; agriculture, forest, and range resources; and environmental applications. It is intended to stimulate potential users to apply the data to their respective fields of interest.
The minimum data collection and data processing requirements are investigated for the development of water monitoring systems, which disregard redundant and irrelevant data and process only those data predictive of the onset of significant pollution events. Two approaches are immediately suggested: (1) adaptation of a presently available ambient air monitoring system developed by TVA, and (2) consideration of an air, water, and radiological monitoring system developed by the Georgia Tech Experiment Station. In order to apply monitoring systems, threshold values and maximum allowable rates of change of critical parameters such as dissolved oxygen and temperature are required.
Tasks were performed in two areas: (1) systems analysis and (2) algorithmic development. The major effort in the systems analysis task was the development of a recommended approach to the monitoring of resource utilization data for the Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE). Other efforts included participation in various studies concerning the LACIE Project Plan, the utility of the GE Image 100, and the specifications for a special purpose processor to be used in the LACIE. In the second task, the major effort was the development of improved algorithms for estimating proportions of unclassified remotely sensed data. Also, work was performed on optimal feature extraction and optimal feature extraction for proportion estimation.
ERTS and Landsat images were used to study water quality and turbidity around St. Paul-Minneapolis metropolitan area. Sediments were also investigated in the same area. In northeastern Minnesota north of Lake Superior, the intercontinental rift was examined, along with large, low grade, copper-nickel deposits.
The author has identified the following significant results. In subhumid, vegetated areas, S190B photography: (1) has a potentially operational role in detecting lineaments in 1:100,000 scale geological mapping and in major civil engineering surveys; (2) is of limited value for regional lithological mapping at 1:500,000 scale; and (3) provided much useful synoptic information and some detailed information of direct value to the mapping of nonmineral natural resources such as vegetation, land soil, and water. In arid, well exposed areas, S190B photography could be used: (1) with a limited amount of field traverses, to produce reliable 1:500,000 scale geological maps of sedimentary sequences; (2) to update superficial geology on 1:250,000 scale maps; and (3) together with the necessary field studies, to prepare landform, soil, and vegetation maps at 1:1,000,000 scale. Skylab photography was found to be more useful than LANDSAT images for small scale mapping of geology and land types, and for the revision of topographic maps at 1:100,000 scale, because of superior spatial resolution and stereoscopic coverage.